Consider the ring R:=\Q[τ,τ^{-1}] of Laurent polynomials in the variable τ. The Artin's Pure Braid Groups (or Generalized Pure Braid Groups) act over R, where the action of every standard generator is the multiplication by τ. In this paper we consider the cohomology of these groups with coefficients in the module R (it is well known that such cohomology is strictly related to the untwisted integral cohomology of the Milnor fibration naturally associated to the reflection arrangement). We compute this cohomology for the cases I_2(m), H_3, H_4, F_4 and A_n with 1<n<7.
Consider the ring $R:=\Q[τ,τ^{-1}]$ of Laurent polynomials in the variable $τ$. The Artin's Pure Braid Groups (or Generalized Pure Braid Groups) act over $R,$ where the action of every standard generator is the multiplication by $τ$. In this paper we consider the cohomology of such groups with coefficients in the module $R$ (it is well known that such cohomology is strictly related to the untwisted integral cohomology of the Milnor fibration naturally associated to the reflection arrangement). We give a sort of \textit{stability} theorem for the cohomologies of the infinite series $A$, $B$ and…
We give presentations for the braid groups associated with the complex reflection groups $G_{24}$ and $G_{27}$. For the cases of $G_{29}$, $G_{31}$, $G_{33}$ and $G_{34}$, we give (strongly supported) conjectures. These presentations were obtained with VKCURVE, a GAP package implementing Van Kampen's method.
If G is a finite graph and n is a natural number, then the n-strand braid group of G is the fundamental group of the configuration space of n points on G. This article gives a complete computation of the integral cohomology rings of the n-strand braid groups in case G is a tree. Some of the argument builds on earlier joint work with Lucas Sabalka.
The purpose of this article is to describe the integral cohomology of the braid group B_3 and SL_2(Z) with local coefficients in a classical geometric representation given by symmetric powers of the natural symplectic representation. These groups have a description in terms of the so called "divided polynomial algebra". The results show a strong relation between torsion part of the computed cohomology and fibrations related to loop spaces of spheres.
In this paper we first show that many braid groups of low genus surfaces have their centers as direct factors. We then give a description of centralizers and normalizers of prime order elements in pure mapping class groups of surfaces with spherical quotients using automorphism groups of fundamental groups of the quotient surfaces. As an application, we use these to show that the $p$-primary part of the Farrell cohomology groups of certain mapping class groups are elementary abelian groups. At the end we compute the $p$-primary part of the Farrell cohomology of a few pure mapping class groups.
Let $Γ$ be a finite connected graph. The (unlabelled) configuration space $UC^n Γ$ of $n$ points on $Γ$ is the space of $n$-element subsets of $Γ$. The $n$-strand braid group of $Γ$, denoted $B_nΓ$, is the fundamental group of $UC^n Γ$. We use the methods and results of our paper "Discrete Morse theory and graph braid groups" to get a partial description of the cohomology rings $H^*(B_n T)$, where $T$ is a tree. Our results are then used to prove that $B_n T$ is a right-angled Artin group if and only if $T$ is linear or $n<4$. This gives a large number of counterexamples to Ghrist's conjecture…
The main purpose of this article is to give the integral cohomology of classical principal congruence subgroups in SL(2,Z) as well as their analogues in the third braid group with local coefficients in symmetric powers of the natural symplectic representation. The resulting answers (1) correspond to certain modular forms in characteristic zero, and (2) the cohomology of certain spaces in homotopy theory in characteristic p. The torsion is given in terms of the structure of a "p-divided power algebra". The work is an extension of the work in arXiv:1204.5390v1 as well as extensions of a classica…
The final result of this article gives the order of the extension $$\xymatrix{1\ar[r] & P/[P,P] \ar^{j}[r] & B/[P,P] \ar^-{p}[r] & W \ar[r] & 1}$$ as an element of the cohomology group $H^2(W,P/[P,P])$ (where $B$ and $P$ stands for the braid group and the pure braid group associated to the complex reflection group $W$). To obtain this result, we describe the abelianization of the stabilizer $N_H$ of a hyperplane $H$. Contrary to the case of Coxeter groups, $N_H$ is not in general a reflection subgroup of the complex reflection group $W$. So the first step is to refine Stanley-Springer's theore…
Broué, Malle and Rouquier conjectured in that the center of the pure braid group of an irreducible finite complex reflection group is cyclic. We prove this conjecture, for the remaining exceptional types, using the analogous result for the full braid group due to Bessis, and we actually prove the stronger statement that any finite index subgroup of such braid group has cyclic center.
Several distinct Garside monoids having torus knot groups as groups of fractions are known. For $n,m\geq 2$ two coprime integers, we introduce a new Garside monoid $\mathcal{M}(n,m)$ having as Garside group the $(n,m)$-torus knot group, thereby generalizing to all torus knot groups a construction that we previously gave for the $(n,n+1)$-torus knot group. As a byproduct, we obtain new Garside structures for the braid groups of a few exceptional complex reflection groups of rank two. Analogous Garside structures are also constructed for a few additional braid groups of exceptional complex refle…
Let $G$ be a reductive group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$ such that the Dynkin diagram of $G$ is the disjoint union of diagrams of types $G_{2}, F_{4}, E_{6}, E_{7}, E_{8}$. We show that the degree $3$ unramified cohomology of the classifying space of $G$ is trivial. In particular, combined with articles by Merkurjev \cite{Mer17} and the author \cite{Baek}, this completes the computations of degree $3$ unramified cohomology and reductive invariants for all split semisimple groups of a homogeneous Dynkin type.
We complete the computation of the integral homology of the generalized braid group $B$ associated to an arbitrary irreducible complex reflection group $W$ of exceptional type. In order to do this we explicitely computed the recursively-defined differential of a resolution of $\mathbf{Z}$ as a $\mathbf{Z} B$-module, using parallel computing. We also deduce from this general computation the rational homology of the Milnor fiber of the singularity attached to most of these reflection groups.
Complex braid groups are the natural generalizations of braid groups associated to arbitrary (finite) complex reflection groups. We investigate several methods for computing the homology of these groups. In particular, we get the Poincaré polynomial with coefficients in a finite field for one large series of such groups, and compute the second integral cohomology group for all of them. As a consequence we get non-isomorphism results for these groups.
This article is a survey on the braid groups, the Artin groups, and the Garside groups. It is a presentation, accessible to non-experts, of various topological and algebraic aspects of these groups. It is also a report on three points of the theory: the faithful linear representations, the cohomology, and the geometrical representations.
Let G be a finite group. By Riemann's Existence Theorem, braid orbits of generating systems of G with product 1 correspond to irreducible families of covers of the Riemann sphere with monodromy group G. Thus many problems on algebraic curves require the computation of braid orbits. In this paper we describe an implementation of this computation. We discuss several applications, including the classification of irreducible families of indecomposable rational functions with exceptional monodromy group.
Let $G$ be a simple, simply connected algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$. Let $σ: G \rightarrow G$ be a surjective endomorphism of $G$ such that the fixed point set $G(σ)$ is a Suzuki or Ree group. Then, let $G_σ$ denote the scheme-theoretic kernel of $σ.$ Using methods of Jantzen and Bendel-Nakano-Pillen, we compute the $1$-cohomology for the Frobenius kernels with coefficients in the induced modules, $H^{1}(G_σ, H^{0}(λ))$, and the $1$-cohomology for the Frobenius kernels with coefficients in the simple modules, $H^{1}(G_σ, L(λ))$ for the Suzuki an…
We present and discuss some open problems formulated by participants of the International Workshop "Knots, Braids, and Auto\-mor\-phism Groups" held in Novosibirsk, 2014. Problems are related to palindromic and commutator widths of groups; properties of Brunnian braids and two-colored braids, corresponding to an amalgamation of groups; extreme properties of hyperbolic 3-orbifold groups, relations between inner and quasi-inner automorphisms of groups; and Staic's construction of symmetric cohomology of groups.
This article gives certain fibre bundles associated to the braid groups which are obtained from a translation as well as conjugation on the complex plane. The local coefficient systems on the level of homology for these bundles are given in terms of the determinant of the Burau representation. De Concini, Procesi, and Salvetti [Topology 40 (2001) 739--751] considered the cohomology of the n-th braid group B_n with local coefficients obtained from the determinant of the Burau representation, H^*(B_n;Q[t^{+/-1}]). They show that these cohomology groups are given in terms of cyclotomic fields. Th…
In this article, we investigate various properties of the pure virtual braid group PV_3. From its canonical presentation, we obtain a free product decomposition of PV_3. As a consequence, we show that PV_3 is residually torsion free nilpotent, which implies that the set of finite type invariants in the sense of Goussarov-Polyak-Viro is complete for virtual pure braids with three strands. Moreover we prove that the presentation of PV_3 is aspherical. Finally we determine the cohomology ring and the associated graded Lie algebra of PV_3.
We solve the isomorphism problem for braid groups on trees with $n = 4$ or 5 strands. We do so in three main steps, each of which is interesting in its own right. First, we establish some tools and terminology for dealing with computations using the cohomology of tree braid groups, couching our discussion in the language of differential forms. Second, we show that, given a tree braid group $B_nT$ on $n = 4$ or 5 strands, $H^*(B_nT)$ is an exterior face algebra. Finally, we prove that one may reconstruct the tree $T$ from a tree braid group $B_nT$ for $n = 4$ or 5. Among other corollaries, this…
We determine the lower central and derived series of the n-string braid groups B_n(RP^2) of the real projective plane. We are motivated in part by the study of Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequences, but the problem is interesting in its own right. For n=1,2, B_n(RP^2) is finite and its lower central and derived series are known. If n>2 (resp. n>4), we show that the lower central (resp. derived) series of B_n(RP^2) is constant from the commutator subgroup onwards, and we exhibit a presentation of the commutator subgroup. In the exceptional cases n=3,4, we determine explicitly the complete deriv…
We give a complete classification of simple representations of the braid group B_3 with dimension $\leq 5$ over any algebraically closed f ield. In particular, we prove that a simple d-dimensional representation $ρ: B_3 \to GL(V)$ is determined up to isomorphism by the eigenvalues $λ_1, λ_2, ..., λ_d$ of the image of the generators for d=2,3 and a choice of a $δ=\sqrt{\det ρ(σ_1)}$ for d=4 or a choice of $δ=\sqrt[5]{\det ρ(σ_1)}$ for d=5. We also s howed that such representations exist whenever the eigenvalues and $δ$ are not roots of certain polynomials $Q_{ij}^{(d)}$, which are explicitly gi…
