Georgia Benkart, Sarah Witherspoon
We construct twisting elements for module algebras of restricted two-parameter quantum groups from factors of their R-matrices. We generalize the theory of Giaquinto and Zhang to universal deformation formulas for categories of module algebras and give examples arising from R-matrices of two-parameter quantum groups.
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This paper together with the previous one (arXiv:hep-th/0604146) presents the detailed description of all quantum deformations of D=4 Lorentz algebra as Hopf algebra in terms of complex and real generators. We describe here in detail two quantum deformations of the D=4 Lorentz algebra o(3,1) obtained by twisting of the standard q-deformation U_{q}(o(3,1)). For the first twisted q-deformation an Abelian twist depending on Cartan generators of o(3,1) is used. The second example of twisting provides a quantum deformation of Cremmer-Gervais type for the Lorentz algebra. For completeness we describ…
Let $H$ be a Hopf algebra. Any finite-dimensional lifting of $V\in {}^{H}_{H}\mathcal{YD}$ arising as a cocycle deformation of $A=\mathfrak{B}(V)\#H$ defines a twist in the Hopf algebra $A^*$, via dualization. We follow this recipe to write down explicit examples and show that it extends known techniques for defining twists. We also contribute with a detailed survey about twists in braided categories.
We show that certain twisting deformations of a family of supersolvable groups are simple as Hopf algebras. These groups are direct products of two generalized dihedral groups. Examples of this construction arise in dimensions 60 and p^2q^2, for prime numbers p, q with q dividing p-1. We also show that certain twisting deformation of the symmetric group is simple as a Hopf algebra. On the other hand, we prove that every twisting deformation of a nilpotent group is semisolvable. We conclude that the notions of simplicity and (semi)solvability of a semisimple Hopf algebra are not determined by i…
Maurer-Cartan methods in deformation theory: the twisting procedure
本专著概述了形变理论中的Maurer-Cartan方法，核心在于系统阐述twisting procedure，即从Maurer-Cartan元素函子地构造新的微分分次Lie代数、结合代数或operad，并给出了二次operad存在该过程的准则，同时结合图同调等示例展示其应用。
The twisting function describing a nonstandard (super-Jordanian) quantum deformation of $osp(1|2)$ is given in explicite closed form. The quantum coproducts and universal R-matrix are presented. The non-uniqueness of the twisting function as well as two real forms of the deformed $osp(1|2)$ superalgebras are considered. One real quantum $osp(1|2)$ superalgebra is interpreted as describing the $κ$-deformation of D=1, N=1 superconformal algebra, which can be applied as a symmetry algebra of N=1 superconformal mechanics.
We give a description of cyclic cohomology and its pairing with K-groups for 2-cocycle deformation of algebras graded over discrete groups. The proof relies on a realization of monodromy for the Gauss-Manin connection on periodic cyclic cohomology in terms of the cup product action of group cohomology.
In contrast to the classical and semiclassical settings, the Coxeter element (12...n) which cycles the columns of an mxn matrix does not determine an automorphism of the quantum grassmannian. Here, we show that this cycling can be obtained by defining a cocycle twist. A consequence is that the torus invariant prime ideals of the quantum grassmannian are permuted by the action of the Coxeter element (12...n); we view this as a quantum analogue of the recent result of Knutson, Lam and Speyer that the Lusztig strata of the classical grassmannian are permuted by (12...n).
We study deformation of tube algebra under twisting of graded monoidal categories. When a tensor category $\mathcal{C}$ is graded over a group $Γ$, a torus-valued 3-cocycle on $Γ$ can be used to deform the associator of $\mathcal{C}$. Based on a natural Fell bundle structure of the tube algebra over the action groupoid of the adjoint action of $Γ$, we show that the tube algebra of the twisted category is a 2-cocycle twisting of the original one.
Twisting the q-deformations of compact semisimple Lie groups
该研究通过紧半单李群中心对偶上的3-上循环定义新结合性态射，结合中心元素r元组构造出对应新张量范畴的紧量子群，可由SUq(2)生成SU_{-q}(2)，还能给出SU(n)情形下Kazhdan-Wenzl范畴的量子群实现。
Let $\mathcal{U}$ be the unipotent variety of a complex reductive group $G$. Fix opposed Borel subgroups $B_\pm \subseteq G$ with unipotent radicals $U_\pm$. The map that sends $x_+x_- \mapsto x_+x_-x_+^{-1}$ for all $x_\pm \in U_\pm$ restricts to a map from $U_+U_- \cap gB_+$ into $\mathcal{U} \cap gB_+$, for any $g$. We conjecture that the restricted map forms half of a homotopy equivalence between these varieties, and thus, induces a weight-preserving isomorphism between their compactly-supported cohomologies. Noting that the map is equivariant with respect to certain actions of $B_+ \cap g…
We study new coalgebra structures on the tensor product of two coalgebras $C$ and $D$ by twisting the tensor product coalgebra via a twist map $Ψ: C \otimes D \rightarrow D \otimes C$. We deal with the general case in which the counit of the tensor product coalgebra is deformed as well. Some classes of such deformations are analyzed and a notion of equivalence of twists is discussed. We also present the dual deformation of tensor product algebras and provide examples.
Let $A$ be a Hopf algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic 0 and suppose there is a coalgebra projection $π$ from $A$ to a sub-Hopf algebra $H$ that splits the inclusion. If the projection is $H$-bilinear, then $A$ is isomorphic to a biproduct $R #_ξH$ where $(R,ξ)$ is called a pre-bialgebra with cocycle in the category $_{H}^{H}\mathcal{YD}$. The cocycle $ξ$ maps $R \otimes R$ to $H$. Examples of this situation include the liftings of pointed Hopf algebras with abelian group of points $Γ$ as classified by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider [AS1]. One asks when such an $A$ can be twisted by a coc…
We introduce a new class of 2-cocycles defined explicitly on the generators of certain multiparameter standard quantum groups. These allow us, through the process of twisting the familiar standard quantum groups, to generate new as well as previously known examples of non-standard quantum groups. In particular we are able to construct generalisations of both the Cremmer-Gervais deformation of SL(3) and the so called esoteric quantum groups of Fronsdal and Galindo in an explicit and straightforward manner.
Twisted deformations vs. cocycle deformations for quantum groups
本文研究了量子泛包络代数的扭曲形变与2-上循环形变，证明了这两种在Hopf代数中对偶的方法是等价的，最终仅存在唯一一种多参数形变类型。
We give a construction of an L-infinity map from any L-infinity algebra into its truncated Chevalley-Eilenberg complex as well as its cyclic and A-infinity analogues. This map fits with the inclusion into the full Chevalley-Eilenberg complex (or its respective analogues) to form a homotopy fiber sequence of L-infinity-algebras. Application to deformation theory and graph homology are given. We employ the machinery of Maurer-Cartan functors in L-infinity and A-infinity algebras and associated twistings which should be of independent interest.
We show that some factors of the universal R-matrix generate a family of twistings for the standard Hopf structure of any quantized contragredient Lie (super)algebra of finite growth. As an application we prove that any two isomorphic superalgebras with different Cartan matrices have isomorphic q-deformations (as associative superalgebras) and their standard comultiplications are connected by such twisting. We present also an explicit relation between the generators of the second Drinfeld's realization and Cartan-Weyl generators of quantized affine nontwisted Kac-Moody algebras. Further develo…
We show that the crossed modules and bicovariant different calculi on two Hopf algebras related by a cocycle twist are in 1-1 correspondence. In particular, for quantum groups which are cocycle deformation-quantisations of classical groups the calculi are obtained as deformation-quantisation of the classical ones. As an application, we classify all bicovariant differential calculi on the Planck scale Hopf algebra $\C[x]\bicross_{\hbar,\grav}\C[p]$. This is a quantum group which has an $\hbar\to 0$ limit as the functions on a classical but non-Abelian group and a $\grav\to 0$ limit as flat spac…
We find the general solution to the twisting equation in the tensor bialgebra $T({\bf R})$ of an associative unital ring ${\bf R}$ viewed as that of fundamental representation for a universal enveloping Lie algebra and its quantum deformations. We suggest a procedure of constructing twisting cocycles belonging to a given quasitriangular subbialgebra ${\cal H}\subset T({\bf R})$. This algorithm generalizes Reshetikhin's approach, which involves cocycles fulfilling the Yang-Baxter equation. Within this framework we study a class of quantized inhomogeneous Lie algebras related to associative ring…
Let $A$ be a Hopf algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero such that its coradical $H$ is a finite dimensional sub-Hopf algebra. Our main theorem shows that there is a gauge transformation $ζ$ on $A$ such that $A^ζ\cong Q#H$ where $A^ζ$ is the dual quasi-bialgebra obtained from $A$ by twisting its multiplication by $ζ$, $Q$ is a connected dual quasi-bialgebra in $^H_H\mathcal{YD}$ and $Q #H $ is a dual quasi-bialgebra called the bosonization of $Q$ by $H$.
The Deligne-Getzler-Hinich--$\infty$-groupoid or Maurer-Cartan simplicial set of an $L_\infty$-algebra plays an important role in deformation theory and many other areas of mathematics. Unfortunately, this construction only works over a field of characteristic $0$. The goal of this paper is to show that the notions of Maurer-Cartan equation and Maurer-Cartan simplicial set can be defined for a much larger number of operads than just the $L_\infty$-operad. More precisely, we show that the Koszul dual of every unital Hopf cooperad (a cooperad in the category of unital associative algebras) with …
This paper provides a conceptual study of the twisting procedure, which amounts to create functorially new differential graded Lie algebras, associative algebras or operads (as well as their homotopy versions) from a Maurer--Cartan element. On the way, we settle the integration theory of complete pre-Lie algebras in order to describe this twisting procedure in terms of gauge group action. We give a criterion on quadratic operads for the existence of a meaningful twisting procedure of their associated categories of (homotopy) algebras. We also give a new presentation of the twisting procedure f…
Twisting process for quantum linear spaces is defined. It consists in a particular kind of globally defined deformations on finitely generated algebras. Given a quantum space (A_1,A), a multiplicative cosimplicial quasicomplex C[A_1] in the category Grp is associated to A_1, in such a way that for every n a subclass of linear automorphisms of A^{\otimes n} is obtained from the groups C^n[A_1]. Among the elements of this subclass, the counital 2-cocycles are those which define the twist transformations. In these terms, the twisted internal coHom objects, constructed in a previous paper (cf. mat…
Given a Hopf algebra $A$ graded by a discrete group together with an action of the same group preserving the grading, we define a new Hopf algebra, which we call the graded twisting of $A$. If the action is adjoint, this new Hopf algebra is a twist of $A$ by a pseudo-$2$-cocycle. Analogous construction can be carried out for monoidal categories. As examples we consider graded twistings of the Hopf algebras of nondegenerate bilinear forms, their free products, hyperoctahedral quantum groups and $q$-deformations of compact semisimple Lie groups. As applications, we show that the analogues of the…
We discuss two-parameter deformations of an universal enveloping algebra $U(g[u])$ of a polynomial loop algebra $g[u]$, where $g$ is a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra (or superalgebra). These deformations are Hopf algebras. One deformation called Drinfeldian is a quantization of $U(g[u])$ in the direction of a classical r-matrix which is a sum of the simplest rational and trigonometric r-matrices. Another deformation (discussed only for the case $g=sl_{2}$) is a twisting of the usual Yangian $Y_η(sl_{2})$.
We show how to construct, starting from a quasi-Hopf (super)algebra, central elements or Casimir invariants. We show that these central elements are invariant under quasi-Hopf twistings. As a consequence, the elliptic quantum (super)groups, which arise from twisting the normal quantum (super)groups, have the same Casimir invariants as the corresponding quantum (super)groups.
A triangular quantum deformation of $ osp(2/1) $ from the classical $r$-matrix including an odd generator is presented with its full Hopf algebra structure. The deformation maps, twisting element and tensor operators are considered for the deformed $ osp(2/1)$. It is also shown that its subalgebra generated by the Borel subalgebra is self-dual.
Twisting theory, relative Rota-Baxter type operators and $L_\infty$-algebras on Lie conformal algebras
本文建立 Lie 共形代数的扭理论，利用导出括号构造 $L_\infty$-代数，刻画相对 Rota-Baxter 型算子，并引入 NS-Lie 共形代数及相关上同调与形变。
A quantization of a non-standard rational solution of CYBE for $sl_2$ is given explicitly. We obtain the quantization with the help of a twisting of the usual Yangian $Y(sl_2$. This quantum object (deformed Yangian $Y_{η,ξ}(sl_2))$ is a two-parametric deformation of the universal enveloping algebra $U(sl_2[u])$ of the positive current algebra $sl_2[u]$. We consider the pseudotriangular structure on $Y_{η,ξ}(sl_2)$, the quantum double $DY_{η,ξ}(sl_2)$ its the universal R-matrix and also the RTT-realization of $Y_{η,ξ}(sl_2)$.
In this review we give a detailed introduction to the theory of (curved) $L_\infty$-algebras and $L_\infty$-morphisms. In particular, we recall the notion of (curved) Maurer-Cartan elements, their equivalence classes and the twisting procedure. The main focus is then the study of the homotopy theory of $L_\infty$-algebras and $L_\infty$-modules. In particular, one can interpret $L_\infty$-morphisms and morphisms of $L_\infty$-modules as Maurer-Cartan elements in certain $L_\infty$-algebras, and we show that twisting the morphisms with equivalent Maurer-Cartan elements yields homotopic morphism…
A method to calculate matrix representations of the twist element $\ff$ of Drinfel'd -- chosen to be unitary -- is given and illustrated at some examples. It is observed that for these F-matrices the crystal limit $q\!\to\! 0$ exists and that \mbox{F-matrices} twisting from $0$ to $q$ are of a simpler form than F-matrices twisting from $1$ to $q$. These results lead to a new interpretation of $q$-deformation in terms of tensor products of finite-dimensional representations of compact simple Lie groups.
We discuss quantum deformations of Jordanian type for Lie superalgebras. These deformations are described by twisting functions with support from Borel subalgebras and they are multiparameter in the general case. The total twists are presented in explicit form for the Lie superalgebras sl(m|n) and osp(1|2n). We show also that the classical $r$-matrix for a light-cone deformation of D=4 super-Poincare algebra is of Jordanian type and a corresponding twist is given in explicit form.
In this paper, we review deformation, cohomology and homotopy theories of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras, which have attracted quite much interest recently. Using Voronov's higher derived brackets, one can obtain an $L_\infty$-algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras. Then using the twisting method, one can obtain the $L_\infty$-algebra that controls deformations of a relative \RB Lie algebra. Meanwhile, the cohomologies of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras can also be defined with the help of the twisted $L_\infty$-algebra. Using the controlling algebra ap…
We study Thomas Willwacher's twisting endofunctor tw in the category of dg properads P under the operad of (strongly homotopy) Lie algebras. It is proven that if P is a properad under properad Lieb of Lie bialgebras , then the associated twisted properad tw(P) becomes in general a properad under quasi-Lie bialgebras (rather than under Lieb). This result implies that the cyclic cohomology of any cyclic homotopy associative algebra has in general an induced structure of a quasi-Lie bialgebra. We show that the cohomology of the twisted properad tw(Lieb) is highly non-trivial -- it contains the co…
We consider a superextension of the extended Jordanian twist, describing nonstandard quantization of anti-de-Sitter ($AdS$) superalgebra $osp(1|4)$ in the form of Hopf superalgebra. The super-Jordanian twisting function and corresponding basic coproduct formulae for the generators of $osp(1|4)$ are given in explicit form. The nonlinear transformation of the classical superalgebra basis not modifying the defining algebraic relations but simplifying coproducts and antipodes is proposed. Our physical application is to interpret the new super-Jordanian deformation of $osp(1|4)$ superalgebra as def…
This paper begins by introducing the concept of a quasi-hom-Lie algebra which is a natural generalization of hom-Lie algebras introduced in a previous paper by the authors. Quasi-hom-Lie algebras include also as special cases (color) Lie algebras and superalgebras, and can be seen as deformations of these by homomorphisms, twisting the Jacobi identity and skew-symmetry. The natural realm for these quasi-hom-Lie algebras is as a generalization-deformation of the Witt algebra $\Witt$ of derivations on the Laurent polynomials $\C[t,t^{-1}]$. We also develop a theory of central extensions for qhl-…
The universal $R$-matrix for a class of esoteric (non-standard) quantum groups ${\cal U}_q(gl(2N+1))$ is constructed as a twisting of the universal $R$-matrix ${\cal R}_S$ of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum algebras. The main part of the twisting element ${\cal F}$ is chosen to be the canonical element of appropriate pair of separated Hopf subalgebras (quantized Borel's ${\cal B}(N) \subset {\cal U}_q(gl(2N+1))$), providing the factorization property of ${\cal F}$. As a result, the esoteric quantum group generators can be expressed in terms of the Drinfeld-Jimbo ones.
We introduce the notion of a half-ribbon Hopf algebra, which is a ribbon Hopf algebra along with a distinguished element $t$ corresponding to twisting a ribbon by 180 degrees (the half-twist). We show that U_q(g) is a (topological) half-ribbon Hopf algebra, but only if one uses a modified ribbon element. We then discuss some consequences of using this modified ribbon element.
This paper exposes the fundamental role that the Drinfel'd double $\dkg$ of the group ring of a finite group $G$ and its twists $\dbkg$, $β\in Z^3(G,\uk)$ as defined by Dijkgraaf--Pasquier--Roche play in stringy orbifold theories and their twistings. The results pertain to three different aspects of the theory. First, we show that $G$--Frobenius algebras arising in global orbifold cohomology or K-theory are most naturally defined as elements in the braided category of $\dkg$--modules. Secondly, we obtain a geometric realization of the Drinfel'd double as the global orbifold $K$--theory of glob…
An isomorphism, up to a twist, between the quasitriangular quantum enveloping algebra U_h(sl(2)) and the (classical) U(sl(2))[[h]]is discussed. The universal twisting element $\cal F$ is given up to the second order in the deformation parameter $h$.
We introduce a general theory of twisting algebraic structures based on actions of a bialgebra. These twists are closely related to algebraic deformations and also to the theory of quasi-triangular bialgebras. In particular, a deformation produced from a universal deformation formula (UDF) is a special case of a twist. The most familiar example of a deformation produced from a UDF is perhaps the "Moyal product" which (locally) is the canonical quantization of the algebra of functions on a symplectic manifold in the direction of the Poisson bracket. In this case, the derivations comprising the …
The $q$-Onsager algebra $\mathcal O_q$ is defined by two generators $A$, $A^*$ and two relations, called the $q$-Dolan/Grady relations. Recently P. Baseilhac and S. Kolb found an automorphism $L$ of $\mathcal O_q$, that fixes $A$ and sends $A^*$ to a linear combination of $A^*$, $A^2A^*$, $AA^*A$, $A^*A^2$. Let $V$ denote an irreducible $\mathcal O_q$-module of finite dimension at least two, on which each of $A$, $A^*$ is diagonalizable. It is known that $A$, $A^*$ act on $V$ as a tridiagonal pair of $q$-Racah type, giving access to four familiar elements $K$, $B$, $K^\downarrow$, $B^\downarro…
We study the group of group-like elements of a weak Hopf algebra and derive an analogue of Radford's formula for the fourth power of the antipode S, which implies that the antipode has a finite order modulo a trivial automorphism. We find a sufficient condition in terms of Tr(S^2) for a weak Hopf algebra to be semisimple, discuss relation between semisimplicity and cosemisimplicity, and apply our results to show that a dynamical twisting deformation of a semisimple Hopf algebra is cosemisimple.
Tensor operators associated with a given quantum Lie algebra admit a natural description in the R-matrix language. Here we employ the R-matrix approach to discuss the problem of fusion of tensor operators. The most interesting case is provided by the quantum WZNW model, where, by construction, we deal with sets of linearly independent tensor operators. In this case the fusion problem is equivalent to construction of an analogue F(p) of the twisting element F which is employed in Drinfeld's description of quasi-Hopf algebras. We discuss the construction of the twisting element F(p) in a general…
Universal constructions in homotopical algebra
本文利用李图代数有效积分理论，为多种双代数类型的形变与同伦理论提供普适构造，给出Deligne群胚的同伦描述并推广了operadic代数形变公式。
Following the ideas of our previous works math.QA/0008232 (joint with Andruskiewitsch) and math.QA/0101049, we study families of triangular Hopf algebras obtained by twisting finite supergroups by a twist lying entirely in the odd part. These families are parametrized by data (G,V,u,B), where G is a finite group, V its finite dimensional representation, u a central element of G of order 2 acting by -1 on V, and B an element of S^2V. We fix the discrete data G,V,u, and find the set of isomorphism classes of the members of the family as Hopf algebras, in terms of the continuous parameter B. This…
We analyze the h-deformations of the Lorentz group and their associated spacetimes. We prove that they have a twisted character and give explicitly the twisting matrices. After studying the representations of one of the deformed spacetime algebras, we discuss the Klein-Gordon operator. It is found that the h-deformed d'Alembertian has plane wave solutions of the same form as the standard ones. We also give explicit expressions for the h-gamma matrices defining the associated Dirac equations.
In a recent paper it was shown that the response of an integrable QFT under variation of the Unruh temperature can be computed from a S-matrix preserving deformation of the form factor approach. We give explicit expressions for the deformed two-particle formfactors for various integrable models: The Sine-Gordon and SU(2) Thirring model, several perturbed minimal CFTs and the real coupling affine Toda series. A uniform pattern is found to emerge when both the S-matrix and the deformed form factors are expressed in terms Barnes' multi-periodic functions.
The quantum group structure of long-range integrable deformations
本文研究长程可积变形的量子群结构，通过扭动底层量子群的代数结构，揭示了非结合代数与Drinfeld关联子的关联，为长程模型的可积性提供理论基础。
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