Neron models and Compactified Picard schemes over the moduli stack of stable curves
Lucia Caporaso
备注：
A new title better describing the contents of the paper (including the stackification of a completion of the universal Picard, added only in version 3). Small changes in 4.13. 5.2, 5.6, 5.13
We prove that there exist some stacks, representable over the stack of stable curves, having the following universal property with respect to Néron models of Jacobians. For every one-parameter family of stable curves, with regular total space, the Néron model of the Jacobian of its generic fibre is isomorphic to the base change of the above stacks via the moduli map of the given family. We also obtain a stack compactification of the universal Picard scheme and hence a geometrically meaningful completion of the Néron model of the Jacobian for every family as above.
We characterize stable curves $X$ whose compactified degree-$d$ Jacobian is of Néron type. This means the following: for any one-parameter regular smoothing of $X$, the special fiber of the Néron model of the Jacobian of the generic fiber is isomorphic to a dense open subset of the degree-$d$ compactified Jacobian. It is well known that compactified Jacobians of Néron type have the best modular properties, and that they are endowed with a mapping property useful for applications.
Let S be the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring with function field K. Let X be a scheme over S. We will say that X is semi-factorial over S if each invertible sheaf on the generic fiber X_K can be extended to an invertible sheaf on X. Here we show that any proper geometrically normal scheme over K admits a model over S which is proper, flat, normal and semi-factorial. We also construct some semi-factorial compactifications of regular S-schemes, such as Néron models of abelian varieties. Moreover, the semi-factoriality property for a scheme X/S corresponds to the Néron property of its Picar…
The paper investigates invariants of compactified Picard modular surfaces by principal congruence subgroups of Picard modular groups. The applications to the surface classification and modular forms are discussed.
We provide a new description of the Néron model of the Jacobian of a smooth curve $C_K$ with stable reduction $C_R$ on a discrete valuation ring $R$ with field of fractions $K$. Instead of the regular semistable model, our approach uses the regular twisted model, a twisted curve in the sense of Abramovich and Vistoli whose Picard functor contains a larger separated subgroup than the usual Picard functor of $C_R$. In this way, after extracting a suitable $l$th root from the uniformizer of $R$, the pullback of the Néron model of the Jacobian represents a Picard functor $Pic^{0,l}$ of line bundle…
We give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Néron models of jacobians of semistable morphisms of arbitrary relative dimension over base schemes of arbitrary dimension. To do this, we introduce a notion of alignment for semistable morphisms over any regular base scheme, and show that the jacobian of an aligned projective semistable morphism admits a separated model with the Néron mapping property. When the Picard scheme is smooth over the base scheme along its unit section we show that the converse holds.
Let C be an integral projective curve in any characteristic. Given an invertible sheaf L on C of degree 1, form the associated Abel map A_L : C -> P, which maps C into its compactified Jacobian scheme P, and form its pullback map A_L^* : Pic^0_P -> J, which carries the connected component of 0 in the Picard scheme back to the Jacobian. If C has, at worst, double points, then A_L^* is known to be an isomorphism. We prove that A_L^* always extends to a map between the natural compactifications, Pic^-_P -> P, and that the extended map is an isomorphism if C has, at worst, ordinary nodes and cusps…
We study algebraic (Artin) stacks over $\bar{\mathcal M}_g$ giving a functorial way of compactifying the relative degree $d$ Picard variety for families of stable curves. We also describe for every $d$ the locus of genus $g$ stable curves over which we get Deligne-Mumford stacks strongly representable over $\bar{\mathcal M}_g$.
We consider the problem of constructing universal Néron models for families of curves with sections. By applying a construction of the author of universal compactified Jacobians over the moduli stack of reduced curves with markings and a result by J. Kass, we get a positive answer for smooth families of curves with planar singularities over Dedekind schemes.
P. Stiller computed the Picard numbers of several families of elliptic surfaces, the rank of the Néron-Severi groups of these surfaces. However he did not give the generators of these groups. In this paper we give $\mathbb Q$-bases of these groups explicitly. If these surfaces are rational, then we also show that they are $\mathbb Z$-bases.
We determine explicitly the Picard groups of the universal Jacobian stack and of its compactification over the stack of stable curves. Along the way, we prove some results concerning the gerbe structure of the universal Jacobian stack over its rigidification by the natural action of the multiplicative group and relate this with the existence of generalized Poincaré line bundles. We also compare our results with Kouvidakis-Fontanari computations of the divisor class group of the universal (compactified) Jacobian scheme.
For a K3 surface of finite height over a field of odd characteristic, there exists a smooth lifting to the ring of Witt vectors such that the reduction map from the Picard group of the generic fiber to the Picard group of the special fiber is isomorphic. In this paper, using this result, we give a criterion for a K3 surface of finite height over a field of odd characteristic to be an Enriques K3 surface or to be a K3 surface in terms of the Neron-Severi lattice. Then we show every Kummer surface has an Enriques involution. We also give a classification of K3 surfaces of Picard rank of 20 over …
In this paper we give a construction of algebraic (Artin) stacks endowed with a modular map onto the moduli stack of n-pointed stable curves of genus g, for g greater than 2. These stacks are smooth, irreducible and have dimension 4g-3+n, yielding a geometrically meaningful compactification of the degree d universal Picard stack over the moduli stack of smooth curves with marked points.
For a smooth complex projective variety, the rank of the Néron-Severi group is bounded by the Hodge number h^{1,1}. Varieties with rk NS = h^{1,1} have interesting properties, but are rather sparse, particularly in dimension 2. We discuss in this note a number of examples, in particular those constructed from curves with special Jacobians.
We discuss some aspects of the behavior of specialization at a finite place of Néron-Severi groups of K3 surfaces over number fields. We give optimal lower bounds for the Picard number of such specializations, thus answering a question of Elsenhans and Jahnel. As a consequence of these results, we show that it is possible to explicitly compute the Picard number of any given K3 surface over a number field.
We determine all complex K3 surfaces with Picard rank 20 over Q. Here the Neron-Severi group has rank 20 and is generated by divisors which are defined over Q. Our proof uses modularity, the Artin-Tate conjecture and class group theory. With different techniques, the result has been established by Elkies to show that Mordell-Weil rank 18 over Q is impossible for an elliptic K3 surface. We then apply our methods to general singular K3 surfaces, i.e. with Neron-Severi group of rank 20, but not necessarily generated by divisors over Q.
We prove some finiteness theorems for the Picard functor of an algebraic stack, in the spirit of SGA 6, exp. XII and XIII. In particular, we give a stacky version of Raynaud's relative representability theorem, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of the torsion component of the Picard functor, and for the finite generation of the Neron-Severi groups or of the Picard group itself. We give some examples and applications. In an appendix, we prove the semicontinuity theorem for a (non necessarily tame) algebraic stack.
A connection between moduli spaces of algebro-geometric objects and moduli spaces of polyhedral objects has been under investigation in recent years. Loosely speaking, the skeleton of an algebro-geometric moduli space is expressed as the modul space of the skeleta of the objects it parametrizes. The connection is based on the combinatorial properties of the boundary of the algebro-geometric moduli spaces. This paper overviews this topic with focus on moduli of curves, admissible covers, Jacobians and their Neron models.
Let $X \hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^r$ be a smooth projective variety defined by homogeneous polynomials of degree $\leq d$ over an algebraically closed field. Let $\mathbf{Pic}\, X$ be the Picard scheme of $X$. Let $\mathbf{Pic}^0 X$ be the identity component of $\mathbf{Pic}\, X$. The Néron--Severi group scheme of $X$ is defined by $\mathbf{NS}\, X = (\mathbf{Pic}\, X)/(\mathbf{Pic}^0 X)_{\mathrm{red}}$. We give an explicit upper bound on the order of the finite group scheme $(\mathbf{NS}\, X)_{\mathrm{tor}}$ in terms of $d$ and $r$. As a corollary, we give an upper bound on the order of the f…
We show that a particular subfunctor of the relative logarithmic Picard functor for families of aligned, log semistable curves over a regular base scheme and smooth over an open dense subscheme of the base is representable by a smooth algebraic space which is slightly more separated than the classical relative Picard functor. We show the existence of its maximal separated quotient and give a new functorial interpretation in terms of logarithmic geometry for the Néron model of the relative Picard functor of the smooth locus when we restrict to transversal pull backs from spectra of discrete val…
We study Esteves's fine compactified Jacobians for nodal curves. We give a proof of the fact that, for a one-parameter regular local smoothing of a nodal curve $X$, the relative smooth locus of a relative fine compactified Jacobian is isomorphic to the Néron model of the Jacobian of the general fiber, and thus it provides a modular compactification of it. We show that each fine compactified Jacobian of $X$ admits a stratification in terms of certain fine compactified Jacobians of partial normalizations of $X$ and, moreover, that it can be realized as a quotient of the smooth locus of a suitabl…
The jacobian of the universal curve over $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ is an abelian scheme over $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$. Our main result is the construction of an algebraic space $β\colon \tilde{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n} \rightarrow \bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ over which this jacobian admits a Néron model, and such that $β$ is universal with respect to this property. We prove certain basic properties, for example that $β$ is separated, locally of finite presentation, and satisfies a certain restricted form of the valuative criterion for properness. In general, $β$ is not quasi-compact. We relate our construction to …
André used Hodge-theoretic methods to show that in a smooth proper family X to B of varieties over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, there exists a closed fiber having the same Picard number as the geometric generic fiber, even if k is countable. We give a completely different approach to André's theorem, which also proves the following refinement: in a family of varieties with good reduction at p, the locus on the base where the Picard number jumps is nowhere p-adically dense. Our proof uses the ``p-adic Lefschetz (1,1) theorem'' of Berthelot and Ogus, combined with an anal…
For a smooth algebraic curve X over a field, applying H_1 to the Abel map X -> Pic (X/\partial X) to the Picard scheme of X modulo its boundary realizes the Poincaré duality isomorphism H_1(X, Z/ n) -> H^1(X/ \partial X, Z/n(1)) = H^1_c(X, Z/n(1)). We show the analogous statement for the Abel map X/\partial X -> Picbar (X/\partial X) to the compactified Picard, or Jacobian, scheme, namely this map realizes the Poincaré duality isomorphism H_1(X/ \partial X, Z/n) -> H^1(X, Z/n(1)). In particular, H_1 of this Abel map is an isomorphism. In proving this result, we prove some results about Picbar …
Enriched structures on stable curves over fields were defined by Maino in the late 1990s, and have played an important role in the study of limit linear series and degenerating jacobians. In this paper we solve three main problems: we give a definition of enriched structures on stable curves over arbitrary base schemes, and show that the resulting fine moduli problem is representable; we show that the resulting object has a universal property in terms of Néron models; and we construct a compactification of our stack of enriched structures.
We prove that certain degenerate abelian varieties, the compactified Jacobian of a nodal curve and a stable quasiabelian variety, satisfy autoduality. We establish this result by proving a comparison theorem that relates the associated family of Picard schemes to the Néron model, a result of independent interest. In our proof, a key fact is that the total space of a suitable family of compactified Jacobians has rational singularities.
It is known that K3 surfaces S whose Picard number rho (= rank of the Neron-Severi group of S) is at least 19 are parametrized by modular curves X, and these modular curves X include various Shimura modular curves associated with congruence subgroups of quaternion algebras over Q. In a family of such K3 surfaces, a surface has rho=20 if and only if it corresponds to a CM point on X. We use this to compute equations for Shimura curves, natural maps between them, and CM coordinates well beyond what could be done by working with the curves directly as we did in ``Shimura Curve Computations'' (199…
Let R be a complete discrete valuation ring with algebraically closed residue field k and fraction field K. Let X_K be a projective smooth and geometrically connected scheme over K. Néron defined a canonical pairing on X_K between 0-cycles of degree zero and divisors which are algebraically equivalent to zero. When X_K is an abelian variety, and if one restricts to those 0-cycles supported by K-rational points, Néron gave an expression of his pairing involving intersection multiplicities on the Néron model A of A_K over R. When X_K is a curve, Gross and Hriljac gave independantly an analogous …
In this work we explore the boundary of the jacobian of a singular curve in the compactified picard group. We formulate a functor that helps to determine this boundary and show that this functor is representable. We try to dertermine the points on the boundary.
In general, not much is known about the arithmetic of K3 surfaces. Once the geometric Picard number, which is the rank of the Neron-Severi group over an algebraic closure of the base field, is high enough, more structure is known and more can be said. However, until recently not a single K3 surface was known to have geometric Picard number one. We give explicit examples of such surfaces over the rational numbers. This solves an old problem that has been attributed to Mumford. The examples we give also contain infinitely many rational points, thereby answering a question of Swinnerton-Dyer and …
Extending work of M. Zarzar, we evaluate the potential of Goppa-type evaluation codes constructed from linear systems on projective algebraic surfaces with small Picard number. Putting this condition on the Picard number provides some control over the numbers of irreducible components of curves on the surface and hence over the minimum distance of the codes. We find that such surfaces do not automatically produce good codes; the sectional genus of the surface also has a major influence. Using that additional invariant, we derive bounds on the minimum distance under the assumption that the hype…
To every singular reduced projective curve X one can associate, following E. Esteves, many fine compactified Jacobians, depending on the choice of a polarization on X, each of which yields a modular compactification of a disjoint union of the generalized Jacobian of X. We prove that, for a reduced curve with locally planar singularities, the integral (or Fourier-Mukai) transform with kernel the Poincare' sheaf from the derived category of the generalized Jacobian of X to the derived category of any fine compactified Jacobian of X is fully faithful, generalizing a previous result of D. Arinkin …
We prove autoduality for curves of compact type and, more generally, treelike curves with planar singularities. More precisely, we produce an isomorphism between the generalized Jacobian of such a curve and the connected component of the identity of the Picard scheme of the compactified Jacobian of the curve.
We prove the following autoduality theorem for an integral projective curve C in any characteristic. Given an invertible sheaf L of degree 1, form the corresponding Abel map A_L: C->J, which maps C into its compactified Jacobian, and form its pullback map A_L^*: Pic^0_J to J, which carries the connected component of 0 in the Picard scheme back to the Jacobian. If C has, at worst, points of multiplicity 2, then A_L^* is an isomorphism, and forming it commutes with specializing C. Much of our work is valid, more generally, for a family of curves with, at worst, points of embedding dimension 2. I…
Following Mumford and Chiodo, we compute the Chern character of the derived pushforward $\textrm{ch} (R^\bulletπ_\ast\mathscr{O}(\mathsf{D}))$, for $\mathsf D$ an arbitrary element of the Picard group of the universal curve over the moduli stack of stable marked curves. This allows us to express the pullback of universal Brill-Noether classes via Abel-Jacobi sections to the compactified universal Jacobians, for all compactifications such that the section is a well-defined morphism.
To any nodal curve $C$ is associated the degree class group, a combinatorial invariant which plays an important role in the compactification of the generalised Jacobian of $C$ and in the construction of the Néron model of the Picard variety of families of curves having $C$ as special fibre. In this paper we study this invariant. More precisely, we construct a wide family of graphs having cyclic degree class group and we provide a recursive formula for the cardinality of the degree class group of the members of this family. Moreover, we analyse the behaviour of the degree class group under stan…
We expose in detail the principle that the relative geometric invariant theory of equivariant morphisms is related to the GIT for linearizations near the boundary of the $G$-effective ample cone. We then apply this principle to construct and reconstruct various universal moduli spaces. In particular, we constructed the universal moduli space over $\overline{M_g}$ of Simpson's $p$-semistable coherent sheaves and a canonical dominating morphism from the universal Hilbert scheme over $\overline{M_g}$ to a compactified universal Picard.
We explicitly describe the KSBA/Hacking compactification of a moduli space of log surfaces of Picard rank 2. The space parametrizes log pairs $(S, D)$ where $S$ is a degeneration of $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1$ and $D \subset S$ is a degeneration of a curve of class $(3,3)$. We prove that the compactified moduli space is a smooth Deligne--Mumford stack with 4 boundary components. We relate it to the moduli space of genus 4 curves; we show that it compactifies the blow-up of the hyperelliptic locus. We also relate it to a compactification of the Hurwitz space of triple coverings of $\math…
Abramovich, Corti and Vistoli have studied modular compactifications of stacks of curves equipped with abelian level structures arising as substacks of the stack of twisted stable maps into the classifying stack of a finite group, provided the order of the group is invertible on the base scheme. Recently Abramovich, Olsson and Vistoli extended the notion of twisted stable maps to allow arbitrary base schemes, where the target is a tame stack, not necessarily Deligne-Mumford. We use this to extend the results of Abramovich, Corti and Vistoli to the case of elliptic curves with level structures …
This article treats various aspects of the geometry of the moduli of r-spin curves and its compactification. Generalized spin curves, or r-spin curves, are a natural generalization of 2-spin curves (algebraic curves with a theta-characteristic), and have been of interest lately because of the similarities between the intersection theory of these moduli spaces and that of the moduli of stable maps. In particular, these spaces are the subject of a remarkable conjecture of E. Witten relating their intersection theory to the Gelfand-Dikii (rth KdV) heirarchy. There is also a W-algebra conjecture f…
