Let $k$ be a non-archimedean complete valued field and let X be a smooth Berkovich analytic $k$-curve. Let $F$ be a finite locally constant étale sheaf on $k$ whose torsion is prime to the residue characteristic. We denote by $|X|$ the underlying topological space and by $π$ the canonical map from the étale site to $|X|$. In this text we define a triangulation of $X$, we show that it always exists and use it to compute $H^{0}(|X|,R^{q}π\_{*}F)$ and $H^{1}(|X|,R^{q}π\_{*}F)$. If $X$ is the analytification of an algebraic curve we give sufficient conditions so that those groups are isomorphic to their algebraic counterparts ; if the cohomology of $k$ has a dualizing sheaf in some degree $d$ (e.g $k$ is $p$-adic, or $k=C((t))$) then we prove a duality theorem between $H^{0}(|X|,R^{q}π\_{*}F)$ and $H^{1}\_ {c}(|X|,R^{d+1}π\_{*}G)$ where $G$ is the tensor product of the dual sheaf of $F$ with the dualizing sheaf and the sheaf of $n$-th roots of unity.
Cohomology of affinoids does not behave well; often, this can be remedied by making affinoids overconvergent. In this paper, we focus on dimension 1 and compute, using analogs of pants decompositions of Riemann surfaces, various cohomologies of affinoids. To give a meaning to these decompositions we modify slightly the notion of $p$-adic formal scheme, which gives rise to the adoc (an interpolation between adic and ad hoc) geometry. It turns out that cohomology of affinoids (in dimension 1) is not that pathological. From this we deduce a computation of cohomologies of curves without boundary (…
In this work we bring to light some anabelian behaviours of analytic curves in the setting of Berkovich geometry. We show more precisely that the knowledge of the tempered fundamental group of some curves that we call analytically anabelian determines their analytic skeletons as graphs. The tempered fundamental group of a Berkovich space, introduced by André, enabled Mochizuki to prove the first result of anabelian geometry in Berkovich geometry concerning analytifications of algebraic hyperbolic curves over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p$. To that end, Mochizuki developed the categorical language o…
Let H a hyperelliptic curve and let f: C --> H be a cyclic etale covering of degree n, associated to a line bundle in Pic^0 (H) of order n . We prove that the Prym variety P=Prym(C / H) is isomorphic, as abelian varieties, to a product of jacobians when n is not divisible by 4.
In this paper, we show an inequality between the degrees of the conductor and the Hodge fiber of a hyperelliptic curve above a discrete valuation ring. For that we have to show theorems about the lifting of $p$-cyclic covers in order to obtain informations on the edge of the moduli space of hyperelliptic stable curves. The inequality then comes from the geometry of this last space.
For any genus g greater than 1, we construct a family of dimension g+1 of pairs of hyperelliptic curves of genus g whose jacobian are 2^g isogeneous. ----- Pour tout genre g superieur ou egal a 2, nous construisons une famille a g+1 parametres de courbes de genre g telles qu'il existe une 2^g-isogenie entre leurs jacobiennes.
A method of Gabber (2002) produces unramified cohomology classes in the products of certain varieties with an elliptic curve. The connection between third unramified cohomology and integral Hodge conjecture for codimension 2 cycles (2012, which builds upon results from algebraic K-Theory, then gives many examples of such a product for which this conjecture fails. The special case of the product with an Enriques surface was established by Benoist and Ottem (2018).
Cycle caractéristique sur une puissance symétrique d'une courbe et déterminant de la cohomologie étale
Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu—Paris rive gauche (IMJ-PRG), CNRS（朱西厄—左岸数学研究所（IMJ-PRG），法国国家科学研究中心）；Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de mathématiques d’Orsay（巴黎萨克雷大学，法国国家科学研究中心，奥赛数学实验室）
本文基于Beilinson和Saito发展的形式主义，计算了 tame 上同调sheaf 的对称幂的特征循环，推广了Laumon在特征0上的结果，并导致Deligne关于Abel-Jacobi映射局部空虚性的结论。
Resume Soit SU_C(r) l'espace des modules des fibrés vectoriels semi-stables de déterminant trivial sur une courbe lisse $C$ de genre $g \geq 2$ sur $\mathbb{C}$. On étudie dans cet article, un exemple de fibré introduit par Raynaud dans ~\cite{R}, ne possédant pas de diviseur thêta. On construit ensuite des extensions stables de ce fibré ce qui conduit à une majoration de la codimension du lieu de base du fibré déterminant sur $\mathcal{SU}_{C}(r)$. Abstract Let $\mathcal{SU}_{C}(r)$ be the moduli space of semi stable bundles with trivial determinant on a smooth curve $C$ of genus $g\geq 2$ on…
Let $X$ be a complex non-singular toric variety, $E$ an equivariant and ample line bundle on $X$. We introduce a new functional $V_\infty$ on the set of smooth, positive and invariant metrics on $E$. We compare $V_\infty$ to some classical functionals. As an application, we study the variation of the holomorphic analytic torsion.
this paper is devoted to the study of curves of genus 3 with group of automorphisms the symmetric group S3, principally over finite fields, in view to obtain optimal curves. For instance, we prove that, over the finite fields of char. 3, for any elliptic curve E with j-invariant not in F_3, there exists a curve of genus 3 whose jacobian is isogeneous to E^3; we have also results in char. 7, and these curves provide many examples of optimal curves in any char. Nous etudions les courbes de genre 3 dont le groupe d'automorphismes est S3, en vue d'obtenir des courbes optimales sur les corps finis.…
In this thesis we have proved a conjecture about the moduli space SU_X(3) of semi-stable rank 3 vector bundles with trivial determinant on a genus 2 curve X, due to I. Dolgachev. Given X a smooth projective curve of genus 2, and the embedding of the jacobian JX into |3Θ|, A. Coble proved, at the begining of XX century, that there exists a unique cubic hypersurface C in |3Θ|* \simeq P^8, JX[3]-invariant and singular along JX. On the other hand, we have a map of degree 2 from SU_X(3) over |3Θ|, ramified along a sextic hypersurface B. The Dolgachev's conjecture affirms that the sextic B is the du…
We give a generalization, in the context of sheaves, of a classical result of Grothendieck concerning the integrability of connections of type $(0,1)$ over a ${\cal C}^{\infty}$ vector bundle over a complex manifold. We introduce the notion of $\bar{\partial}$-coherent sheaf, which is a ${\cal C}^{\infty}$ notion, and we prove the existence of an (exact) equivalence between the category of coherent analytic sheaves and the category of $\bar{\partial}$-coherent sheaves. The principal difficulty of the proof is the solution of a quasi-linear differential equation with standard $\bar{\partial}$ a…
In this article we prove the irreducibility of the Hilbert scheme of rationnal curves on homogeneous varieties with fixed class in the Chow ring. This result has also been proved by J. F. Thomsen [T] and B. Kim and R. Pandharipande [KP]. Our method is totaly different (we don't use the compactification of stable maps) and enables us to prove the existence of rational smooth curves on homogeneous varities with fixed class in the Chow ring. This was not the case of Thomsen's and Kim and Pandharipande's proofs. We use a decomposition of G/P in orbits (called the P'-orbits, see definition) which a…
On Zariski Main Theorem in Algebraic Geometry and Analytic Geometry. We fill a surprising gap of Complex Analytic Geometry by proving the analogue of Zariski Main Theorem in this geometry, i.e. proving that an holomorphic map from an irreducible analytic space to a normal irreducible one is an open embedding if and only if all its fibers are discrete and it induces a bimeromorphic map on its image. We prove more generally the "Generalized Zariski Main Theorem for analytic spaces", which claims that an holomorphic map from an irreducible analytic space to a irreducible locally irreducible one i…
Let K be the function field of a curve over the complex field. Let X be a homogeneous space of a semisimple linear algebraic group. Strong approximation holds for X outside any finite nonempty set of places of K. Strong approximation fails for tori over K.
This article concerns the geometry of torsors under an elliptic curve. Let $\OO_K$ be a complete discrete valuation ring with algebraically closed residue field and function field $K$. Let $π$ be a generator of the maximal ideal of $\OO_K$, and $S=\mathrm{Spec}(\OO_K)$. Suppose that we are given $J_K$ an elliptic curve over $K$, with $J$ the connected component of the $S$-N?ron model of $J_K$. Given $X_K/K$ a torsor of order $d$ under $J_K$, let $X$ be the $S$-minimal regular proper model. Then there is an invertible id?al $\mathcal{I}\subset \OO_K$ such that $\mathcal{I}^{d}=π\OO_X\subset \OO…
We prove that the arithmetic fundamental group of X admits no section over the absolute Galois group of Q when X is the Schinzel curve, thereby confirming in this example the prediction given by Grothendieck's section conjecture. ----- Nous démontrons que le groupe fondamental arithmétique de X n'admet pas de section au-dessus du groupe de Galois absolu de Q lorsque X est la courbe de Schinzel, confirmant ainsi sur cet exemple la prédiction donnée par la conjecture des sections de Grothendieck.
Soit $H_{d,g}$ le schéma de Hilbert des courbes lisses et connexes de degré $d$ et genre $g$ de l'espace projectif ${\bf P}^3$ sur un corps $k$ algébriquement clos de caractéristique nulle. Le but principal de cet article est d'exhiber des composantes irréductibles et non réduites de $H_{d,g}$ dont l'élément général correspond à une courbe tracée sur une surface quartique à droite double.
Given integers r>1, n>1 and q> n-2, we consider projective varieties X of dimension r+1 such that through n generic points of X passes a rational curve of degree q, contained in X. More precisely, we study the class X_{r+1,n}(q) of such varieties which moreover generate a projective space of the maximal dimension. We determine all varieties of a class X_{r+1,n}(q) when q is not equal to 2n-3. In particuliar, we show that there exists a variety X' in P^{r+n-1}, of minimal degree and a birational map F: X'---> X which sends a generic section of X' by a P^{n-1} onto a rational normal curve of deg…
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a number field, fibered over a curve, with geometrically integral fibers. We prove that, supposing the finiteness of $\sha(Jac(C))$, if the fibers over a generalised Hilbertian subset satisfy the Hasse principle (resp. weak approximation), then the Brauer-Manin obstruction coming from the base curve is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle (resp. to weak approximation) for zero-cycles of degree 1 on $X$.
Let X be a smooth projective algebraic curve of genus g minus $r\geq 1$ points defined over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic $p\geq 0$. The structure of the largest prime to p quotient of the étale fundamental group is well known by transcendental methods : it is isomorphic to the largest prime to p quotient of a free pro-finite group on 2g+r-1 generators. We show that, with purely algebraic means, we can prove the corresponding result for the largest pro-solvable quotient of these groups.
Let X be a smooth and proper variety over a number field k. Conjectures on the image of the Chow group of zero-cycles of X in the product of the corresponding groups over all completions of k were put forward by Colliot-Thélène, Kato and Saito. We prove these conjectures for the total space of fibrations, over curves with finite Tate-Shafarevich group, into rationally connected varieties which satisfy weak approximation, under an abelianness assumption on the singular fibers. ---- Soit X une variété propre et lisse sur un corps de nombres k. Des conjectures sur l'image du groupe de Chow des zé…
Let $X_{1}$ be a projective, smooth and geometrically connected curve over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ with $q=p^{n}$ elements where $p$ is a prime number, and let $X$ be its base change to an algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. We give a formula for the number of irreducible $\ell$-adic local systems ($\ell\neq p$) with a fixed rank over $X$ fixed by the Frobenius endomorphism. We prove that this number behaves like a Lefschetz fixed point formula for a variety over $\mathbb{F}_q$, which generalises a result of Drinfeld in rank $2$ and proves a conjecture of Deligne. To do this, we pass to the automo…
We investigate a strong version of the integral Tate conjecture for 1-cycles on the product of a curve and a surface over a finite field, under the assumption that the surface is geometrically $CH_0$-trivial. By this we mean that over any algebraically closed field extension, the degree map on the zero-dimensional Chow group of the surface is an isomorphism. This applies to Enriques surfaces. When the Néron-Severi group has no torsion, we recover earlier results of A. Pirutka. The results rely on a detailed study of the third unramified cohomology group of specific products of varieties.
Nous calculons le groupe de Picard de l'espace des modules $Θ_{\planp}(d)$ des thêta-caractéristiques des courbes planes (non forcément lisses) de degré $d$. Nous montrons que pour $d\ge 6$, le groupe de Picard de la composante paire est engendré par le fibré déterminant ${\cal{D}}$ et l'image réciproque ${\cal{L}}$, sous le morphisme support schématique, de ${\cal{O}}_{\proj}(1)$ où $\proj$ est l'espace des courbes de degré $d$ sur $\planp$. Pour $1\le d \le 4$, ce groupe est engendré uniquement par ${\cal{L}}$, le fibré déterminant étant trivial dans ces cas. Dans le groupe $\Cl$ des diviseu…
Let E/K be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication and let $K^{ab}$ be the Abelian closure of $K$. We prove in this article that there exists a constant $c(E/K)$ such that : for all point $P\in E(\bar{K})-E_{tors}$, we have \[\hat{h}(P)\geq\frac{c(E/K)}{D}(\frac{\log \log 5D}{\log 2D})^{13},\] where $D=[K^{ab}(P):K^{ab}]$. This result extends to the case of elliptic curve s with complex multiplication the previous resultof Amoroso-Zannier \cite{AZ} on the analogous problem on the multiplicative group $\mathbb{G}_m$, and generalizes to the case of extensions of degree D the result of Bake…
Pour $K$ un corps global (corps de nombres ou corps de fonctions d'une variable sur un corps fini $F$), on dispose de théorèmes de dualité classiques (Tate, Poitou, Nakayama) pour la cohomologie galoisienne à valeurs dans des tores et des modules abéliens finis. Nous établissons de tels théorèmes pour $K$ le corps des fonctions d'une courbe projective et lisse sur le corps $F={\bf C}((t))$ des séries formelles en une variable sur le corps des complexes. Cela permet de contrôler le défaut du principe de Hasse et l'approximation faible pour les espaces homogènes sous un tore. Il y a ici des diff…
Let $k$ be a higher-dimensional local field and $X$ be a smooth projective geometrically integral curve over $k$. Let $K$ be the function field of $X$. We define Tate-Shafarevich groups of an abelian variety via cohomology classes locally trivial at each completion of $K$ coming from a closed point of $X$. We prove local duality theorems for abelian varieties over $k$, as well as global duality theorems for Tate-Shafarevich groups of abelian varieties over $K$. Soient $k$ un corps local supérieur et $X$ une courbe projective lisse géométriquement intègre de corps de fonctions $K$. On définit l…
The moduli space of stable curves of Deligne and Mumford is a compactification of the moduli space of smooth curves of genus >=2 that parametrizes certain nodal curves. It is a powerful tool for the study of algebraic curves. Higher-dimensional analogues were constructed by Kollár, Shepherd-Barron and Alexeev in dimension 2, and by Viehweg in the case of smooth varieties. We will explain the recent ideas allowing for the construction of these moduli spaces in general, including the stable reduction theorem in higher dimension, which reflects their compactness. L'espace de modules des courbes s…
English: We continue the study of G. Castelnuovo on the group of birational transformation of the complex plane that fix each point of a curve of genus >1; we use adjoint linear system of the curve as Castelnuovo does. We prove that these groups are abelian, and that these are either finite, of order 2 or 3, or conjuguate to a subgroup of the de Jonquières group. We show also that these results do not generalise to curves of genus <=1. ----- French: Nous poursuivons l'étude faite par G. Castelnuovo en 1892 au sujet du groupe des transformations birationnelles du plan complexe qui fixent points…
This thesis deals with the algorithmic representation of constructible sheaves of abelian groups on the étale site of a variety over an algebraically closed field, as well as the explicit computation of their cohomology. We describe three representations of such sheaves on curves with at worst nodal singularities, as well as algorithms performing various operations (kernels and cokernels of morphisms, pullback and pushforward, internal Hom and tensor product) on these sheaves. We present an algorithm computing the cohomology complex of a locally constant constructible sheaf on a smooth or noda…
We investigate the construction of real analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces in K3 surfaces. By taking images of real hyperplanes, one can construct such hypersurfaces in two-dimensional complex tori. We show that "almost every" K3 surfaces contains infinitely many Levi-flat hypersurfaces of this type. The proof relies mainly on a recent construction of Koike and Uehara, ideas of Verbitsky on ergodic complex structures, as well as an argument due to Ghys in the context of the study of the topology of generic leaves. -- On s'intéresse à la construction d'hypersurfaces Levi-plates analytiques rélles…
Let F be a finite field and let C be a smooth projective curve over F. For some smooth projective surfaces X over F we establish that the third unramified cohomology of the product of X and C vanishes. This applies in particular to geometrically rational surfaces. Soit F un corps fini et soit C une courbe projective et lisse sur F. Pour certaines surfaces projectives et lisses X sur F on établit la nullité du troisième groupe de cohomologie non ramifiée du produit de X et C. Cela s'applique en particulier aux surfaces géométriquement rationnelles.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a finite field $\F$. We discuss the unramified cohomology group $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$. Several conjectures put together imply that this group is finite. For certain classes of threefolds, $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$ actually vanishes. It is an open question whether this holds true for arbitrary threefolds. For a threefold $X$ equipped with a fibration onto a curve $C$, the generic fibre of which is a smooth projective surface $V$ over the global field $\F(C)$, the vanishing of $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$ together with the Tate conjecture for divisors on $X$ impl…
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic 0 and let $K$ be the function field of a smooth projective geometrically integral $k$-curve $X$. Let $T$ be a $K$-torus. In this article, we aim at studying the space of adelic points $T(S,\mathbb{A}_K)$ of $T$ outside a finite set $S$ of closed points of $X$. We start by proving that the group $T(K)$ of rational points of $T$ is always discrete (hence closed) in $T(S,\mathbb{A}_K)$. We then describe the quotient $T(\emptyset,\mathbb{A}_K)/T(K)$ in each of the following three cases: $k$ is an algebraically closed field, $k$ is the field of Laurent series $\…
