We prove a general Borg-type result for reflectionless unitary Cantero-Moral-Velazquez (CMV) operators U associated with orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. The spectrum of U is assumed to be a connected arc on the unit circle. This extends a recent result of Simon in connection with a periodic CMV operator with spectrum the whole unit circle.
In the course of deriving the Borg-type result we also use exponential Herglotz representations of Caratheodory functions to prove an infinite sequence of trace formulas connected with the CMV operator U.
We prove a general Borg-type inverse spectral result for a reflectionless unitary CMV operator (CMV for Cantero, Moral, and Velázquez) associated with matrix-valued Verblunsky coefficients. More precisely, we find an explicit formula for the Verblunsky coefficients of a reflectionless CMV matrix whose spectrum consists of a connected arc on the unit circle. This extends a recent result on CMV operators with scalar-valued coefficients. In the course of deriving the Borg-type result we also use exponential Herglotz representations of Caratheodory matrix-valued functions to prove an infinite sequ…
We show that the multitude of applications of the Weyl-Titchmarsh m-function leads to a multitude of different functions in the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle that serve as analogs of the m-function.
Avila recently introduced a new method for the study of the discrete Schrödinger Operator with limit periodic potential. I adapt this method to the context of orthogonal polynomials in the unit circle with limit periodic Verblunsky Coefficients. Specifically, I represent these Verblunsky Coefficients as a continuous sampling of the orbits of a Cantor group by a minimal translation. I then investigate the measures that arise on the unit circle as I vary the sampling function.
We provide a detailed treatment of Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for half-lattice and full-lattice Cantero-Moral-Velazquez (CMV) operators and discuss their systems of orthonormal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, spectral functions, variants of Weyl--Titchmarsh functions, and Green's functions. In particular, we discuss the corresponding spectral representations of half-lattice and full-lattice CMV operators.
As an application of the Gordon lemma for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, we prove that for a generic set of quasiperiodic Verblunsky coefficients the corresponding two-sided CMV operator has purely singular continuous spectrum. We use a similar argument to that of the Boshernitzan-Damanik result that establishes the corresponding theorem for the discrete Schrödinger operator.
Continuous analogs of orthogonal polynomials on the circle are solutions of a canonical system of differential equations, introduced and studied by M.G.Krein and recently generalized to matrix systems by L.A.Sakhnovich. We prove that the continuous analog of the adjoint polynomials converges in the upper half-plane in the case of L^2 coefficients, but in general the limit can be defined only up to a constant multiple even when the coefficients are in L^p for any p>2, the spectral measure is absolutely continuous and the Szego-Kolmogorov-Krein condition is satisfied. Thus we point out that Krei…
We study probability measures on the unit circle corresponding to orthogonal polynomials whose sequence of Verblunsky coefficients is invariant under the Fibonacci substitution. We focus in particular on the fractal properties of the essential support of these measures.
I give an example of a family of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with Verblunsky coefficients given by the skew-shift for which the associated measures are supported on the entire unit circle and almost-every Aleksandrov measure is pure point. Furthermore, I show in the case of the two dimensional skew-shift the zeros of para-orthogonal polynomials obey the same statistics as an appropriate irrational rotation. The proof is based on an analysis of the associated CMV matrices.
We prove that for any $n\times n$ matrix, $A$, and $z$ with $|z|\geq \|A\|$, we have that $\|(z-A)^{-1}\|\leq\cot (\fracπ{4n}) \dist (z, \spec(A))^{-1}$. We apply this result to the study of random orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle.
We prove that there is a universal measure on the unit circle such that any probability measure on the unit disk is the limit distribution of some subsequence of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials. This follows from an extension of a result of Alfaro and Vigil (which answered a question of Turán): namely, for $n<N$, one can freely prescribe the $n$-th polynomial and $N-n$ zeros of the $N$-th one. We shall also describe all possible limit sets of zeros within the unit disk.
The relation between the Toda lattices and similar nonlinear chains and orthogonal polynomials on the real line has been elaborated immensely for the last decades. We examine another system of the differential-difference equations known as the Schur flow within the framework of the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. This system can be exhibited in equivalent form as the Lax equation, and the corresponding spectral measure undergoes a simple transformation. The general result is illustrated on the modified Bessel measures on the unit circle and the long time behavior of their …
We consider probability measures on the real line or unit circle with Jacobi or Verblunsky coefficients satisfying an $\ell^p$ condition and a generalized bounded variation condition. This latter condition requires that a sequence can be expressed as a sum of sequences $β^{(l)}$, each of which has rotated bounded variation, i.e., $\sum_{n=0}^\infty | e^{iϕ_l} β_{n+1}^{(l)} - β_n^{(l)} |$ is finite for some $ϕ_l$. This includes discrete Schrödinger operators on a half-line or line with finite linear combinations of Wigner--von Neumann type potentials. For the real line, we prove that in the Leb…
We consider CMV matrices with Verblunsky coefficients determined in an appropriate way by the Fibonacci sequence and present two applications of the spectral theory of such matrices to problems in mathematical physics. In our first application we estimate the spreading rates of quantum walks on the line with time-independent coins following the Fibonacci sequence. The estimates we obtain are explicit in terms of the parameters of the system. In our second application, we establish a connection between the classical nearest neighbor Ising model on the one-dimensional lattice in the complex magn…
We extend the results of Denisov-Rakhmanov, Szego-Shohat-Nevai, and Killip-Simon from asymptotically constant orthogonal polynomials on the real line (OPRL) and unit circle (OPUC) to asymptotically periodic OPRL and OPUC. The key tool is a characterization of the isospectral torus that is well adapted to the study of perturbations.
For suitable classes of random Verblunsky coefficients, including independent, identically distributed, rotationally invariant ones, we prove that if \[ \mathbb{E} \biggl(\int\frac{dθ}{2π} \biggl|\biggl(\frac{\mathcal{C} + e^{iθ}}{\mathcal{C} -e^{iθ}} \biggr)_{k\ell}\biggr|^p \biggr) \leq C_1 e^{-κ_1 |k-\ell|} \] for some $κ_1 >0$ and $p<1$, then for suitable $C_2$ and $κ_2 >0$, \[ \mathbb{E} \bigl(\sup_n |(\mathcal{C}^n)_{k\ell}|\bigr) \leq C_2 e^{-κ_2 |k-\ell|} \] Here $\mathcal{C}$ is the CMV matrix.
In the first five sections, we deal with the class of probability measures with asymptotically periodic Verblunsky coefficients of p-type bounded variation. The goal is to investigate the perturbation of the Verblunsky coefficients when we add a pure point to a gap of the essential spectrum. For the asymptotically constant case, we give an asymptotic formula for the orthonormal polynomials in the gap, prove that the perturbation term converges and show the limit explicitly. Furthermore, we prove that the perturbation is of bounded variation. Then we generalize the method to the asymptotically …
We consider bivariate polynomials orthogonal on the bicircle with respect to a positive linear functional. The lexicographical and reverse lexicographical orderings are used to order the monomials. Recurrence formulas are derived between the polynomials of different degrees. These formulas link the orthogonal polynomials constructed using the lexicographical ordering with those constructed using the reverse lexicographical ordering. Relations between the coefficients in the recurrence formulas are derived and used to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive line…
We disprove a conjecture of Simon for higher-order Szego theorems for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and propose a modified version of the conjecture.
Let $μ$ be a non-trivial probability measure on the unit circle $\partial\bbD$, $w$ the density of its absolutely continuous part, $α_n$ its Verblunsky coefficients, and $Φ_n$ its monic orthogonal polynomials. In this paper we compute the coefficients of $Φ_n$ in terms of the $α_n$. If the function $\log w$ is in $L^1(dθ)$, we do the same for its Fourier coefficients. As an application we prove that if $α_n \in \ell^4$ and $Q(z) = \sum_{m=0}^N q_m z^m$ is a polynomial, then with $\bar Q(z) = \sum_{m=0}^N \bar q_m z^m$ and $S$ the left shift operator on sequences we have $|Q(e^{iθ})|^2 \log w(θ…
We describe an ensemble of (sparse) random matrices whose eigenvalues follow the Gibbs distribution for n particles of the Coulomb gas on the unit circle at inverse temperature beta. Our approach combines elements from the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with ideas from recent work of Dumitriu and Edelman. In particular, we resolve a question left open by them: find a tri-diagonal model for the Jacobi ensemble.
In this paper we obtain new results about the orthogonality measure of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, through the study of unitary truncations of the corresponding unitary multiplication operator, and the use of the five-diagonal representation of this operator. Unitary truncations on subspaces with finite co-dimension give information about the derived set of the support of the measure under very general assumptions for the related Schur parameters. Among other results, we obtain a natural generalization of the known result for the Lopez class. On the other hand, unitary truncatio…
We use a non-linear characterization of orthonormal polynomials due to Saff in order to show that the behavior of orthonormal polynomials is determined only by its leading coefficient and its normalization. Several applications of this equivalence are also discussed. One of our main results is that for regular measures on the closed unit disk - including, but not limited to the unit circle - one has ratio asymptotics along a sequence of asymptotic density 1.
We discuss asymptotics of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials on the real line and on the unit circle when the recursion coefficients are periodic. The zeros on or near the absolutely continuous spectrum have a clock structure with spacings inverse to the density of zeros. Zeros away from the a.c. spectrum have limit points mod p and only finitely many of them.
Let $μ$ be a measure from Szegő class on the unit circle $\mathbb T$ and let $\{f_n\}$ be the family of Schur functions generated by $μ$. In this paper, we prove a version of the classical Szegő's formula which controls the oscillation of $f_n$ on $\mathbb T$ for all $n \ge 0$. Then, we focus on an analog of Lusin's conjecture for polynomials $\{φ_n\}$ orthogonal with respect to measure $μ$ and prove that pointwise convergence of $\{|φ_n|\}$ almost everywhere on $\mathbb T$ is equivalent to a certain condition on zeroes of $φ_n$.
In this paper the authors show how to use Riemann-Hilbert techniques to prove various results, some old, some new, in the theory of Toeplitz operators and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC's). There are four main results: the first concerns the approximation of the inverse of a Toeplitz operator by the inverses of its finite truncations. The second concerns a new proof of the `hard' part of Baxter's theorem, and the third concerns the Born approximation for a scattering problem on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}_+$. The fourth and final result concerns a basic proposition of Golinskii-Ib…
