Unit Vectors, Morita Equivalence and Endomorphisms
M. Skeide
备注：
Far reaching revision. Includes a new proof of our W*-version of Hirshberg's result and, finally, a simple proof of Hirshberg's result that works also for nonfull correspondences. New efficient proof a a couple of known results
We solve two problems in the theory of correspondences that have important implications in the theory of product systems. The first problem is the question whether every correspondence is the correspondence associated (by the representation theory) with a unital endomorphism of the algebra of all adjointable operators on a Hilbert module. The second problem is the question whether every correspondence allows for a nondegenerate faithful representation on a Hilbert space. We also resolve an extension problem for representations of correspondences and we provide new efficient proofs of several well-known statements in the theory of representations of W*-algebras.
Let $Γ^{+}$ be the positive cone of a totally ordered abelian discrete group $Γ$, and $α$ an action of $Γ^{+}$ by extendible endomorphisms of a $C^*$-algebra $A$. We prove that the partial-isometric crossed product $A\times_α^{\textrm{piso}}Γ^{+}$ is a full corner of a group crossed product $\mathcal{B}\times_βΓ$, where $\mathcal{B}$ is a subalgebra of $\ell^{\infty}(Γ,A)$ generated by a collection of faithful copies of $A$, and the action $β$ on $\mathcal{B}$ is induced by shift on $\ell^{\infty}(Γ,A)$. We then use this realization to show that $A\times_α^{\textrm{piso}}Γ^{+}$ has an essentia…
Muhly and Solel developed a notion of Morita equivalence for $C^{*}$- correspondences, which they used to show that if two $C^{*}$-correspondences $E$ and $F$ are Morita equivalent then their tensor algebras $\mathcal{T}_{+}(E)$ and $\mathcal{T}_{+}(F)$ are (strongly) Morita equivalent operator algebras. We give the weak$^{*}$ version of this result by considering (weak) Morita equivalence of $W^{*}$-correspondences and employing Blecher and Kashyap's notion of Morita equivalence for dual operator algebras. More precisely, we show that weak Morita equivalence of $W^{*}$-correspondences $E$ and…
Any finite algebraic Galois covering corresponds to an algebraic Morita equivalence. Here the $C^*$-algebraic analog of this fact is proven, i.e. any noncommutative finite-fold covering corresponds to a strong Morita equivalence.
We will introduce the notion of strong Morita equivalence for completely positive linear maps and study its basic properties. Also, we will discuss the relation between strong Morita equivalence for bounded $C^*$-bimodule linear maps and strong Morita equivalence for completely positive linear maps. Furthermore, we will show that if two unital $C^*$-algebras are strongly Morita equivalent, then there is a $1-1$ correspondence between the two sets of all strong Morita equivalence classes of completely positive linear maps on the two unital $C^*$-algebras and we will show that the corresponding …
We discuss Morita equivalence within the family of quantum Heisenberg manifolds. The main tool employed is the generalization of a result of P. Green and M. Rieffel about Morita equivalence of transformation groups to crossed products by Hilbert bimodules.
We shall introduce the notions of the strong Morita equivalence for unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras and conditional expectations from an equivalence bimodule onto its closed subspace with respect to conditional expectations from unital $C^*$-algebras onto their unital $C^*$-subalgebras. Also, we shall study their basic properties.
We will consider the set of all completely positive linear maps from a unital $C^*$-algebra to the $C^*$-algebra of all (bounded) adjointable right Hilbert $C^*$-module maps, which are automatically bounded, on a right Hilbert $C^*$-module and we will introduce strong Morita equivalence for elements in this set. In this paper, we will give the following result: If two classes of two unital $C^*$-algebras are strongly Morita equivalent, respectively, then we can construct a bijective correspondence between two sets of all strong Morita equivalence classes of completely positive linear maps give…
A theory of Galois co-objects for von Neumann bialgebras is introduced. This concept is closely related to the notion of comonoidal W*-Morita equivalence between von Neumann bialgebras, which is a Morita equivalence taking the comultiplication structure into account. We show that the property of `being a von Neumann algebraic quantum group' (i.e. `having invariant weights') is preserved under this equivalence relation. We also introduce the notion of a projective corepresentation for a von Neumann bialgebra, and show how it leads to a construction method for Galois co-objects and comonoidal W*…
The Morita equivalence of m-regular involutive quantales in the context of the theory of Hilbert $A$-modules is presented. The corresponding fundamental representation theorems are shown. We also prove that two commutative m-regular involutive quantales are Morita equivalent if and only if they are isomorphic
In previous work, we defined and studied $Σ^*$-modules, a class of Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $Σ^*$-algebras (the latter are $C^*$-algebras that are sequentially closed in the weak operator topology). The present work continues this study by developing the appropriate $Σ^*$-algebraic analogue of the notion of strong Morita equivalence for $C^*$-algebras. We define strong $Σ^*$-Morita equivalence, prove a few characterizations, look at the relationship with equivalence of categories of a certain type of Hilbert space representation, study $Σ^*$-versions of the interior and exterior tensor produ…
The $w^{\star}$-rigged modules over dual operator algebras were introduced by Blecher and Kashyap as a generalization of $W^{\star}$-modules. In this paper, we introduce two new types of Morita equivalence between right $w^{\star}$-rigged modules over unital dual operator algebras and we examine whether these notions imply stable isomorphism between the corresponding modules. Furthermore we investigate them in detail for the class of right $w^{\star}$-rigged modules over nest algebras, that was characterised by G.K.Eleftherakis.
We define an equivalence relation between bimodules over maximal abelian selfadjoint algebras (masa bimodules) which we call spatial Morita equivalence. We prove that two reflexive masa bimodules are spatially Morita equivalent iff their (essential) bilattices are isomorphic. We also prove that if S^1, S^2 are bilattices which correspond to reflexive masa bimodules U_1, U_2 and f: S^1\rightarrow S^2 is an onto bilattice homomorphism, then: (i) If U_1 is synthetic, then U_2 is synthetic. (ii) If U_2 contains a nonzero compact (or a finite or a rank 1) operator, then U_1 also contains a nonzero …
In this paper we describe an operation on directed graphs which produces a graph with fewer vertices, such that the C*-algebra of the new graph is Morita equivalent to that of the original graph. We unify and generalize several related constructions, notably delays and desingularizations of directed graphs.
Following Jansen and Waldmann, and Kajiwara and Watatani, we shall introduce notions of coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on a Hilbert $C^*$-bimodule of finite type in the sense of Kajiwara and Watatani and define their crossed product. We shall investigate their basic properties and show that the strong Morita equivalence for coactions preserves the Rohlin property for coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on unital $C^*$-algebras.
We shall introduce a notion of free coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on a $C^*$-algebra modifying a notion of free actions of a discrete group on a $C^*$-algebra and we shall study several properties on coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on $C^*$-algebras, which are relating to strong Morita equivalence for inclusions of $C^*$-algebras.
Suppose that a locally compact group $G$ acts freely and properly on the right of a locally compact space $T$. Rieffel proved that if $α$ is an action of $G$ on a $C^*$-algebra $A$ and there is an equivariant embedding of $C_0(T)$ in $M(A)$, then the action $α$ of $G$ on $A$ is proper, and the crossed product $A\rtimes_{α,r}G$ is Morita equivalent to a generalised fixed-point algebra $\Fix(A,α)$ in $M(A)^α$. We show that the assignment $(A,α)\mapsto\Fix(A,α)$ extends to a functor $\Fix$ on a category of $C^*$-dynamical systems in which the isomorphisms are Morita equivalences, and that Rieffel…
We prove that the classes of graph algebras, Exel-Laca algebras, and ultragraph algebras coincide up to Morita equivalence. This result answers the long-standing open question of whether every Exel-Laca algebra is Morita equivalent to a graph algebra. Given an ultragraph G we construct a directed graph E such that C*(G) is isomorphic to a full corner of C*(E). As applications, we characterize real rank zero for ultragraph algebras and describe quotients of ultragraph algebras by gauge-invariant ideals.
We consider a class of proper actions of locally compact groups on imprimitivity bimodules over C*-algebras which behave like the proper actions on C*-algebras introduced by Rieffel in 1988. We prove that every such action gives rise to a Morita equivalence between a crossed product and a generalized fixed-point algebra, and in doing so make several innovations which improve the applicability of Rieffel's theory. We then show how our construction can be used to obtain canonical tensor-product decompositions of important Morita equivalences. Our results show, for example, that the different pro…
In a recent article of Kenny De Commer, was investigated a Morita equivalence between locally compact quantum groups, in which a measured quantum groupoid, of basis $\mathbb{C}^2$, was constructed as a linking object. Here, we generalize all these constructions and concepts to the level of measured quantum groupoids. As for locally compact quantum groups, we apply this construction to the deformation of a measured quantum groupoid by a 2-cocycle.
We introduce and examine the notions of strong $Δ$-equivalence and strong TRO equivalence for operator spaces. We show that they behave in an analogous way to how strong Morita equivalence does for the category of C*-algebras. In particular, we prove that strong $Δ$-equivalence coincides with stable isomorphism under the expected countability hypothesis, and that strongly TRO equivalent operator spaces admit a correspondence between particular representations. Furthermore we show that strongly $Δ$-equivalent operator spaces have stably isomorphic second duals and strongly $Δ$-equivalent TRO en…
We consider two twisted actions of a countable discrete group on $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebras. Then by taking the reduced crossed products, we get two inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. We suppose that they are strongly Morita equivalent as inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. Also, we suppose that one of the inclusions is irreducible, that is, the relative commutant of one of the $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebra in the multiplier $C^*$-algebra of the reduced twisted crossed product is trivial. We show that the two actions are then strongly Morita equivalent up to some automorphism of the group.
Let $A \subset C$ and $B \subset D$ be unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras. Let ${}_A \mathbf{B}_A (C, A)$ (resp. ${}_B \mathbf{B}_B (D, B)$) be the space of all bounded $A$-bimodule (resp. $B$-bimodule) linear maps from $C$ (resp. $D$) to $A$ (resp. $B$). We suppose that $A \subset C$ and $B \subset D$ are strongly Morita equivalent. We shall show that there is an isometric isomorphism $f$ of ${}_A \mathbf{B}_A (C, A)$ onto ${}_B \mathbf{B}_B (D, B)$ and we shall study on basic properties about $f$.
We take advantage of the correspondence between pseudogroups and inverse quantal frames, and of the recent description of Morita equivalence for inverse quantal frames in terms of biprincipal bisheaves, to define Morita equivalence for pseudogroups and to investigate its applications. In particular, two pseudogroups are Morita equivalent if and only if their corresponding localic étale groupoids are. We explore the clear analogies between our definition of Morita equivalence for pseudogroups and the usual notion of strong Morita equivalence for $C^{\ast}$-algebras and these lead to a number of…
We consider a variant of the notion of Morita equivalence appropriate to weak* closed algebras of Hilbert space operators, which we call {\em weak Morita equivalence}. We obtain new variants, appropriate to the dual algebra setting, of the basic theory of strong Morita equivalence, and new nonselfadjoint variants of aspects of Rieffel's $W^*$-algebraic Morita equivalence.
In this paper, we answer a question of Blecher-Muhly-Paulsen pertaining to identifying topological invariants for completely bounded Morita equivalences of holomorphic cross-section algebras. Given a certain natural subcontext of a strong Morita context of $n$-homogeneous $C^*$-algebras whose spectrum $T$ is an annulus, Blecher-Muhly-Paulsen are able to estimate the norm of a lifting of the identity of a holomorphic subalgebra by a conformal invariant of the annulus and a property of the associated matrix bundle. We give a generalization of the above example in which $T$ is a bordered Riemann …
Given a C*-dynamical system (A,G,α), we discuss conditions under which subalgebras of the multiplier algebra M(A) consisting of fixed points for αare Morita-Rieffel equivalent to ideals in the crossed product of A by G. In case G is abelian we also develop a spectral theory, giving a necessary and sufficient condition for αto be equivalent to the dual action on the cross-sectional C*-algebra of a Fell bundle. In our main application we show that a proper action of an abelian group on a locally compact space is equivalent to a dual action.
We describe a method for associating some non-self-adjoint algebras to Mauldin-Williams graphs and we study the Morita equivalence and isomorphism of these algebras. We also investigate the relationship between the Morita equivalence and isomorphism class of the C^{\ast} -correspondences associated with Mauldin-Williams graphs and the dynamical properties of the Mauldin-Williams graphs.
In this paper we introduce a notion of Morita equivalence for Hilbert C*-modules in terms of the Morita equivalence of the algebras of compact operators on Hilbert C*-modules. We investigate some properties of the new version of Morita equivalence and obtain some results. We then applied our results to study the continuous actions of locally compact groups on full Hilbert C*-modules. We present an extension of Green's theorem in the context of Hilbert C*-modules as well.
We revisit a central result of Muhly and Solel on operator algebras of C*-correspondences. We prove that (possibly non-injective) strongly Morita equivalent C*-correspondences have strongly Morita equivalent relative Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebras. The same holds for strong Morita equivalence (in the sense of Blecher, Muhly and Paulsen) and strong $Δ$-equivalence (in the sense of Eleftherakis) for the related tensor algebras. In particular, we obtain stable isomorphism of the operator algebras when the equivalence is given by a $σ$-TRO. As an application we show that strong Morita equivalence coinc…
The classical Morita Theorem for rings established the equivalence of three statements, involving categorical equivalences, isomorphisms between corners of finite matrix rings, and bimodule homomorphisms. A fourth equivalent statement (established later) involves an isomorphism between infinite matrix rings. In our main result, we establish the equivalence of analogous statements involving graded categorical equivalences, graded isomorphisms between corners of finite matrix rings, graded bimodule homomorphisms, and graded isomorphisms between infinite matrix rings.
We characterize the pairs of operator spaces which occur as pairs of Morita equivalence bimodules between non-selfadjoint operator algebras in terms of the mutual relation between the spaces. We obtain a characterization of the operator spaces which are completely isometrically isomorphic to imprimitivity bimodules between some strongly Morita equivalent (in the sense of Rieffel) C*-algebras. As corollaries, we give representation results for such operator spaces.
We introduce the notion of strong Morita equivalence for group actions on locally C*-algebras and prove that the crossed products associated with two strongly Morita equivalent continuous inverse limit actions of a locally compact group G on the locally C*-algebras A and B are strongly Morita equivalent. This generalizes a result of F. Combes, Proc. London Math. Soc. 49(1984) and R. E. Curto, P.S. Muhly, D. P. Williams, Proc. Amer. Soc. 90(1984).
In general, Morita equivalence of spectral triples need not be a symmetric relation. In this paper, we show that Morita equivalence of spectral triples is an equivalence relation for equivariant torus spectral triples.
We introduce strong Morita equivalence for inverse semigroups. This notion encompasses Mark Lawson's concept of enlargement. Strongly Morita equivalent inverse semigroups have Morita equivalent universal groupoids in the sense of Paterson and hence strongly Morita equivalent universal and reduced $C^*$-algebras. As a consequence we obtain a new proof of a result of Khoshkam and Skandalis showing that the $C^*$-algebra of an $F$-inverse semigroup is strongly Morita equivalent to a cross product of a commutative $C^*$-algebra by a group.
We show that in the generic case the smooth noncommutative tori associated to two n by n real skew-symmetric matrices are Morita equivalent if and only if the matrices are in the same orbit of the natural SO(n, n| Z) action.
Let N_1 (resp.N_2) be a nest A (resp. B) be the corresponding nest algebra, A_0 (resp. B_0) be the subalgebra of compact operators. We prove that the nests N_1, N_2 are isomorphic if and only if the algebras A, B are weakly-* Morita equivalent if and only if the algebras A_0, B_0 are strongly Morita equivalent. We characterize the nest isomorphisms which implement stable isomorphism between the corresponding nest algebras.
We introduce a notion of Morita equivalence for non-selfadjoint operator algebras equipped with a completely isometric involution (operator *-algebras). We then show that the unbounded Kasparov product by a Morita equivalence bimodule induces an isomorphism between equivalence classes of twisted spectral triples over Morita equivalent operator *-algebras. This leads to a tentative definition of unbounded bivariant K-theory and we prove that this bivariant theory is related to Kasparov's bivariant K-theory via the Baaj-Julg bounded transform. Moreover, the unbounded Kasparov product provides a …
Rings form a bicategory [Rings], with classes of bimodules as horizontal arrows, and bimodule maps as vertical arrows. The notion of Morita equivalence for rings can be translated in terms of bicategories in the following way. Two rings are Morita equivalent if and only if they are isomorphic objects in the bicategory. We repeat this construction for von Neumann algebras. Von Neumann algebras form a bicategory [W*], with classes of correspondences as horizontal arrows, and intertwiners as vertical arrows. Two von Neumann algebras are Morita equivalent if and only if they are isomorphic objects…
We show that matrices in the same orbit of the SO(n, n|Z) action on the space of n\times n skew-symmetric matrices give strong Morita equivalent noncommutative tori, both at the C*-algebra level and at the smooth algebra level. This proves a conjecture of Rieffel and Schwarz.
In this paper, we will introduce notions of relative version of imprimitivity bimodules and relative version of strong Morita equivalence for pairs of $C^*$-algebras $(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{D})$ such that $\mathcal{D}$ is a $C^*$-subalgebra of $\mathcal{A}$ with certain conditions. We will then prove that two pairs $(\mathcal{A}_1, \mathcal{D}_1)$ and $(\mathcal{A}_2, \mathcal{D}_2)$ are relatively Morita equivalent if and only if their relative stabilizations are isomorphic. In particularly, for two pairs $(\mathcal{O}_A, \mathcal{D}_A)$ and $(\mathcal{O}_B, \mathcal{D}_B)$ of Cuntz--Krieger …
We define a C*-algebraic quantization of constant Dirac structures on tori, which extends the standard quantization of Poisson structures. We prove that Dirac structures in the same orbit of a natural action of O(n,n|Z) give rise to Morita equivalent algebras, completing and extending a theorem of Rieffel and Schwarz.
Given C*-algebras A and B and an imprimitivity A-B-bimodule X, we construct an explicit isomorphism X_* : K_i(A) --> K_i(B) where K_i denote the complex K-theory functors for i=0, 1. Our techniques do not require separability nor existence of countable approximate identities. We thus extend, to general C*-algebras, the result of Brown, Green and Rieffel according to which strongly Morita equivalent C*-algebras have isomorphic K-groups. The method employed includes a study of Fredholm operators on Hilbert modules.
We show that two C*-algebraic noncommutative tori are strongly Morita equivalent if and only if they have isomorphic ordered K_0-groups and centers, extending N. C. Phillips's result in the case that the algebras are simple. This is also generalized to the twisted group C*-algebras of arbitrary finitely generated abelian groups.
It is well known that a measured groupoid G defines a von Neumann algebra W*(G), and that a Lie groupoid G canonically defines both a C*-algebra C*(G) and a Poisson manifold A*(G). We show that the maps G -> W*(G), G -> C*(G) and G -> A*(G) are functorial with respect to suitable categories. In these categories Morita equivalence is isomorphism of objects, so that these maps preserve Morita equivalence.
Let $P$ be a completely positive map on $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ and let $E_P$ be the associated \emph{GNS}-$C^*$-correspondence. We prove a result that implies, in particular, that the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of $E_P$, $\mathcal{O}(E_P)$, is strongly Morita equivalent to the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{d(P)}$, where $d(P)$ is the index of $P$.
It was shown by Connes, Douglas, Schwarz[1] that one can compactify M(atrix) theory on noncommutative torus. We prove that compactifications on Morita equivalent tori are physically equivalent. This statement can be considered as a generalization of non-classical duality conjectured in [1] for two-dimensional tori.
Let $G$ be a finite group. Noncommutative geometry of unital $G$-algebras is studied. A geometric structure is determined by a spectral triple on the crossed product algebra associated with the group action. This structure is to be viewed as a representative of a noncommutative orbifold. Based on a study of classical orbifold groupoids, a Morita equivalence for the crossed product spectral triples is developed. Noncommutative orbifolds are Morita equivalence classes of the crossed product spectral triples. As a special case of this Morita theory one can study freeness of the $G$-action on the …
Two unital operator algebras A, B are called Delta-equivalent if there exists an equivalence functor between the categories A-mod and B-mod which "extends" to a *-functor implementing an equivalence between the categories A-dmod and B-dmod. Here A-mod denotes the category of normal representations of A and A-dmod denotes the category with the same objects as A-mod and D(A)-module maps (D(A) is the diagonal of A). We prove that any such functor maps completely isometric representations to completely isometric representations, "respects" the lattices of the algebras and maps reflexive algebras t…
Any etale Lie groupoid G is completely determined by its associated convolution algebra C_c(G) equipped with the natural Hopf algebroid structure. We extend this result to the generalized morphisms between etale Lie groupoids: we show that any principal H-bundle P over G is uniquely determined by the associated C_c(G)-C_c(H)-bimodule C_c(P) equipped with the natural coalgebra structure. Furthermore, we prove that the functor C_c gives an equivalence between the Morita category of etale Lie groupoids and the Morita category of locally grouplike Hopf algebroids.
One can describe an $n$-dimensional noncommutative torus by means of an antisymmetric $n\times n$-matrix $θ$. We construct an action of the group $SO(n,n|\bf Z)$ on the space of antisymmetric matrices and show that, generically, matrices belonging to the same orbit of this group give Morita equivalent tori. Some applications to physics are sketched.
In this paper, we will prove that if $A$ is a $C^*$-algebra with an effective coaction $ε$ by a compact quantum group, then the fixed point algebra and the reduced crossed product are Morita equivalent. As an application, we prove an imprimitivity type theorem for crossed products of coactions by discrete Kac $C^*$-algebras.
Institut Mittag-Leffler The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences（米塔格-莱夫勒研究所 瑞典皇家科学院）；Department of Mathematics Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院数学系）；University of Patras（帕特雷大学）；National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学）
