Seunghyun Seo
In this paper, we give a simple combinatorial explanation of a formula of A. Postnikov relating bicolored rooted trees to bicolored binary trees. We also present generalized formulas for the number of labeled k-ary trees, rooted labeled trees, and labeled plane trees.
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Refined Enumeration of Corners in Tree-like Tableaux
本文通过中间结构确认了树状表格及对称树状表格中非占用角落精细枚举的两个猜想，涉及替代表格和链接划分等工具。
Alex Postnikov has given a combinatorially explicit cell decomposition of the totally nonnegative part of a Grassmannian, denoted Gr_{kn}+, and showed that this set of cells is isomorphic as a graded poset to many other interesting graded posets. The main result of this paper is an explicit generating function which enumerates the cells in Gr_{kn}+ according to their dimension. As a corollary, we give a new proof that the Euler characteristic of Gr_{kn}+ is 1. Additionally, we use our result to produce a new q-analog of the Eulerian numbers, which interpolates between the Eulerian numbers, the…
In the combinatorics of finite finite Coxeter groups, there is a simple formula giving the number of maximal chains of noncrossing partitions. It is a reinterpretation of a result by Deligne which is due to Chapoton, and the goal of this article is to refine the formula. First, we prove a one-parameter generalization, by the considering enumeration of noncrossing chains where we put a weight on some relations. Second, we consider an equivalence relation on noncrossing chains coming from the natural action of the group on set partitions, and we show that each equivalence class has a simple gene…
We use the theory of Γ-species to enumerate k-gonal and polygonal 2-trees with respect to their vertices. We then extend this result to enumerate "succulents", a tree-like class of graphs which generalize cacti.
Let $\mathcal{T}^{(p)}_n$ be the set of $p$-ary labeled trees on $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$. A maximal decreasing subtree of an $p$-ary labeled tree is defined by the maximal $p$-ary subtree from the root with all edges being decreasing. In this paper, we study a new refinement $\mathcal{T}^{(p)}_{n,k}$ of $\mathcal{T}^{(p)}_n$, which is the set of $p$-ary labeled trees whose maximal decreasing subtree has $k$ vertices.
Two decades ago, Chauve, Dulucq and Guibert showed that the number of rooted trees on the vertex set $[n+1]$ in which exactly $k$ children of the root are lower-numbered than the root is $\binom{n}{k} \, n^{n-k}$. Here I give a simpler proof of this result.
Pólya's enumeration theorem is concerned with counting labeled sets up to symmetry. Given a finite group acting on a finite set of labeled elements it states that the number of labeled sets up to symmetry is given by a polynomial in the number of labels. We give a new perspective on this theorem by generalizing it to partially ordered sets and order preserving maps. Further we prove a reciprocity statement in terms of strictly order preserving maps generalizing a classical result by Stanley (1970). We apply our results to counting graph colorings up to symmetry.
Solving the first nonmonotonic, longer-than-three instance of a classic enumeration problem, we obtain the generating function $H(x)$ of all 1342-avoiding permutations of length $n$ as well as an {\em exact} formula for their number $S_n(1342)$. While achieving this, we bijectively prove that the number of indecomposable 1342-avoiding permutations of length $n$ equals that of labeled plane trees of a certain type on $n$ vertices recently enumerated by Cori, Jacquard and Schaeffer, which is in turn known to be equal to the number of rooted bicubic maps enumerated by Tutte in 1963. Moreover, $H(…
Let $\T_{n}$ be the set of rooted labeled trees on $\set{0,...,n}$. A maximal decreasing subtree of a rooted labeled tree is defined by the maximal subtree from the root with all edges being decreasing. In this paper, we study a new refinement $\T_{n,k}$ of $\T_n$, which is the set of rooted labeled trees whose maximal decreasing subtree has $k+1$ vertices.
Enumeration of multipartite series-reduced trees
本文研究了多重部分类reduced树的计数问题，提出了生成函数方法，并确定了符号超度量和链递增二叉树的数量关系，同时改进了Riordan和Shannon的结果。
A {\em leader} of a tree $T$ on $[n]$ is a vertex which has no smaller descendants in $T$. Gessel and Seo showed $$\sum_{T \in \mathcal{T}_n}u^\text{(# of leaders in $T$)} c^\text{(degree of 1 in $T$)}=u P_{n-1}(1,u,cu),$$ which is a generalization of Cayley formula, where $\mathcal{T}_n$ is the set of trees on $[n]$ and $$P_n(a,b,c)=c\prod_{i=1}^{n-1}(ia+(n-i)b+c).$$ Using a variation of Prüfer code which is called a {\em RP-code}, we give a simple bijective proof of Gessel and Seo's formula.
Enumeration of labeled trees and Dyck tilings
本文利用Dyck铺砌研究平面带标号有根树的偏序集，证明其生成函数在特定条件下可因式分解，并通过两种分解方式建立有理Dyck铺砌的权重关系与偏序结构。
This paper discusses the enumeration for the total number of all rooted spanning forests of the labeled complete tripartite graph. We enumerate the total number by a combinatorial decomposition.
In enumerative combinatorics, it is often a goal to enumerate both labeled and unlabeled structures of a given type. The theory of combinatorial species is a novel toolset which provides a rigorous foundation for dealing with the distinction between labeled and unlabeled structures. The cycle index series of a species encodes the labeled and unlabeled enumerative data of that species. Moreover, by using species operations, we are able to solve for the cycle index series of one species in terms of other, known cycle indices of other species. Section 3 is an exposition of species theory and Sect…
Enumeration of crossings in two-step puzzles
本文证明了一个仅依赖边界条件的公式，用于计算两步谜题内部特定标签和局部构型的出现次数，该证明基于对色图的研究。
This paper has been withdrawn by the author as a more general result is known and could be referenced at "Combinatorial Enumeration" by Ian P. Goulden, David M. Jackson - Dover Publication 2004 - Section 3.3.13, Page 176.
This survey article is devoted to general results in combinatorial enumeration. The first part surveys results on growth of hereditary properties of combinatorial structures. These include permutations, ordered and unordered graphs and hypergraphs, relational structures, and others. The second part advertises five topics in general enumeration: 1. counting lattice points in lattice polytopes, 2. growth of context-free languages, 3. holonomicity (i.e., P-recursiveness) of numbers of labeled regular graphs, 4. frequent occurrence of the asymptotics cn^{-3/2}r^n and 5. ultimate modular periodicit…
For a labeled tree on the vertex set $\set{1,2,\ldots,n}$, the local direction of each edge $(i\,j)$ is from $i$ to $j$ if $i<j$. For a rooted tree, there is also a natural global direction of edges towards the root. The number of edges pointing to a vertex is called its indegree. Thus the local (resp. global) indegree sequence $λ= 1^{e_1}2^{e_2} \ldots$ of a tree on the vertex set $\set{1,2,\ldots,n}$ is a partition of $n-1$. We construct a bijection from (unrooted) trees to rooted trees such that the local indegree sequence of a (unrooted) tree equals the global indegree sequence of the corr…
A duality for labeled graphs and factorizations with applications to graph embeddings and Hurwitz enumeration
本文为置换因子分解与边、顶点均带标记的图建立心身对偶，借助恰当嵌入图解释并揭示其与辫群Hurwitz作用及胞腔嵌入图理论的联系，为图嵌入与Hurwitz计数提供理论基础。
Enumeration of weighted plane trees by a permutation model
本文通过排列模型解决加权双色平面树的计数问题，证明了Kochetkov的公式，并揭示了计数问题与斯特林数之间的代数关系。
Recently Han obtained a general formula for the weight function corresponding to the expansion of a generating function in terms of hook lengths of binary trees. In this paper, we present formulas for k-ary trees, plane trees, plane forests, labeled trees and forests. We also find appropriate generating functions which lead to unifications of the hook length formulas due to Du and Liu, Han, Gessel and Seo, and Postnikov.
We give a short and direct proof of a remarkable identity that arises in the enumeration of labeled trees with respect to their indegree sequence, where all edges are oriented from the vertex with lower label towards the vertex with higher label. This solves a problem posed by Shin and Zeng in a recent article. We also provide a generalization of this identity that translates to a formula for the number of rooted spanning forests with given indegree sequence.
Generating trees are a useful technique in the enumeration of various combinatorial objects, particularly restricted permutations. Quite often the generating tree for the set of permutations avoiding a set of patterns requires infinitely many labels. Sometimes, however, this generating tree needs only finitely many labels. We characterize the finite sets of patterns for which this phenomenon occurs. We also present an algorithm - in fact, a special case of an algorithm of Zeilberger - that is guaranteed to find such a generating tree if it exists.
Generating naturally labeled posets through matrix extensions, order ideals and automorphism groups
本文提出了一种矩阵方法，通过将每个偏序集P表示为布尔偏序矩阵A，生成自然标记的偏序集。该方法利用矩阵扩展A^v系统地处理偏序关系，并通过序理想和固定点方程定义有效的偏序矩阵。进一步探索了A的双胞分解，为Birkhoff关于通过自同构群计数非同构偏序集的问题提供了代数基础。
Motivated by a problem arising out of DNA origami, we give a general counting framework and enumeration formulas for various cellular embeddings of bouquets and dipoles under different kinds of symmetries. Our algebraic framework can be used constructively to generate desired symmetry classes, and we use Burnside's Lemma with various symmetry groups to derive the enumeration formulas. Our results assimilate several existing formulas into this unified framework. Furthermore, we provide new formulas for bouquets with colored edges (and thus for bouquets in nonorientable surfaces) as well as for …
Fibonacci Polyominoes: Refined Enumeration and Dyck-Path Bijections
本文研究 Fibonacci 多联骨牌的按面积和半周长枚举，通过生成函数得到含 Catalan 数的精细公式，并建立与带标签 Dyck 路径的双射，将统计量转化为峰与返回，还研究等高连续列并得到 Motzkin 数控制的精细化。
Bauer and Itzykson showed that associated to each labeled map embedded on an oriented Riemann surface there was a group generated by a pair of permutations. From this result an algorithm may be constructed for enumerating labeled maps, and this construction is easily augmented to bin the numbers by the genus of the surface the map is embedded in. The results agree with the calculations of Harer and Zagier of 1-vertex maps; with those of Bessis, Itzykson, and Zuber of 4-valent maps; and with those of Ercolani, McLaughlin, and Pierce for $2ν$-valent maps. We then modify this algorithm to one whi…
In 1995, the first author introduced a multivariate generating function {$G$} that tracks the distribution of ascents and descents in labeled binary trees. In addition to proving that $G$ is symmetric, he conjectured that $G$ is Schur positive. We prove this conjecture by expanding $G$ positively in terms of ribbon Schur functions. We obtain this expansion using a weight-preserving bijection whose inverse is inspired by the Push-Glide algorithm of Préville-Ratelle and Viennot. In fact, this weight-preserving bijection allows us to establish a stronger version of the first author's conjecture s…
We introduce a new notation for representing labeled regular bipartite graphs of arbitrary degree. Several enumeration problems for labeled and unlabeled regular bipartite graphs have been introduced. A general algorithm for enumerating all non-isomorphic 2-regular bipartite graphs for a specified number of vertices has been described and a mathematical proof has been provided for its completeness. An abstraction of m Symmetric Permutation Tree in order to visualize a labeled r-Regular Bipartite Graph with 2m vertices and enumerate its automorphism group has been introduced. An algorithm to ge…
For a fixed set $X$ containing $n$ taxon labels, an ordered pair consisting of a gene tree topology $G$ and a species tree $S$ bijectively labeled with the labels of $X$ possesses a set of coalescent histories -- mappings from the set of internal nodes of $G$ to the set of edges of $S$ describing possible lists of edges in $S$ on which the coalescences in $G$ take place. Enumerations of coalescent histories for gene trees and species trees have produced suggestive results regarding the pairs $(G,S)$ that, for a fixed $n$, have the largest number of coalescent histories. We define a class of 2-…
A Combinatorial Proof of Cayley's Formula via Degree Sequences
通过度数序列提供卡伊利公式的组合证明，强调标号树的结构特性，并探讨其与其他计数问题的关联。
By rewriting the famous hook-content formula it easily follows that there are $\prod\limits_{1 \le i < j \le n} \frac{k_j - k_i + j -i}{j-i}$ semistandard tableaux of shape $(k_n,k_{n-1},...,k_1)$ with entries in $\{1,2,...,n\}$ or, equivalently, Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns with bottom row $(k_1,...,k_n)$. In this article we introduce certain sequences of labeled trees, the signed enumeration of which is also given by this formula. In these trees, vertices as well as edges are labeled, the crucial condition being that each edge label lies between the vertex labels of the two endpoints of the edge…
We consider the counting problem of the number of \textit{leaf-labeled increasing trees}, where internal nodes may have an arbitrary number of descendants. The set of all such trees is a discrete representation of the genealogies obtained under certain population-genetical models such as multiple-merger coalescents. While the combinatorics of the binary trees among those are well understood, for the number of all trees only an approximate asymptotic formula is known. In this work, we validate this formula up to constant terms and compare the asymptotic behavior of the number of all leaf-labell…
In this paper, we give a bijection between rooted labeled ordered forests with a selected subset of their leaves and the regions of the type $C$ Catalan arrangement in $\R^n$. We thus obtain a bijective proof of the well-known enumeration formula of these regions ${2^n}n! \binom{2n}{n}$.
Universal Asymptotics and Exact Enumeration of Eulerian Maps
研究具有任意度序列的连通、带标记、亏格为 \(g\) 的欧拉地图数量渐近性，结合正交多项式递推系数分析与多变量解析组合学理论，得出通用渐近性及亏格为 \(1\) 时的精确公式，是 \(g\geq 1\) 非正则地图计数问题的首个结果。
We investigate topological, combinatorial, statistical, and enumeration properties of finite graphs with high Kolmogorov complexity (almost all graphs) using the novel incompressibility method. Example results are: (i) the mean and variance of the number of (possibly overlapping) ordered labeled subgraphs of a labeled graph as a function of its randomness deficiency (how far it falls short of the maximum possible Kolmogorov complexity) and (ii) a new elementary proof for the number of unlabeled graphs.
Stack-sorting preimages and 0-1-trees
本文通过定义部分标记的树类，为Colin Defant关于排列类栈排序前像的两个最新计数结果提供简单证明。
This paper uses combinatorics and group theory to answer questions about the assembly of icosahedral viral shells. Although the geometric structure of the capsid (shell) is fairly well understood in terms of its constituent subunits, the assembly process is not. For the purpose of this paper, the capsid is modeled by a polyhedron whose facets represent the monomers. The assembly process is modeled by a rooted tree, the leaves representing the facets of the polyhedron, the root representing the assembled polyhedron, and the internal vertices representing intermediate stages of assembly (subsets…
Maxmin trees are labeled trees with the property that each vertex is either a local maximum or a local minimum. Such trees were originally introduced by Postnikov, who gave a formula to count them and different combinatorial interpretations for their number. In this paper we generalize this construction and define tiered trees by allowing more than two classes of vertices. Tiered trees arise naturally when counting the absolutely indecomposable representations of certain quivers, and also when one enumerates torus orbits on certain homogeneous varieties. We define a notion of weight for tiered…
We extend Schaeffer's bijection between rooted quadrangulations and well-labeled trees to the general case of Eulerian planar maps with prescribed face valences, to obtain a bijection with a new class of labeled trees, which we call mobiles. Our bijection covers all the classes of maps previously enumerated by either the two-matrix model used by physicists or by the bijection with blossom trees used by combinatorists. Our bijection reduces the enumeration of maps to that, much simpler, of mobiles and moreover keeps track of the geodesic distance within the initial maps via the mobiles' labels.…
An elaborate new proof of Cayley's formula
该研究通过建立$A_{n-1}$型仿射Kac-Moody群对应的辫子簇Deodhar分量与$n$顶点标记树的双射，结合仿射Hecke代数相关公式与恒等式，给出了Cayley树计数公式的全新精妙证明。
Bernardi has given a general formula for the number of regions of a deformation of the braid arrangement as a signed sum over boxed trees. We prove that each set of boxed trees which share an underlying (rooted labeled plane) tree contributes 0, +1, or -1 to this sum, and we give an algorithm for computing this value. For Ish-type arrangements, we further construct a sign-reversing involution which reduces Bernardi's signed sum to the enumeration of a set of (rooted labeled plane) trees. We conclude by explicitly enumerating the trees corresponding to the regions of Ish-type arrangements which…
A proper vertex of a rooted tree with totally ordered vertices is a vertex that is less than all its proper descendants. We count several kinds of labeled rooted trees and forests by the number of proper vertices. Our results are all expressed in terms of the polynomials P_n(a,b,c)= c(a+(n-1)b+c)(2a+(n-2)b+c)...((n-1)a+b+c) which reduce to (n+1)^{n-1} for a=b=c=1. Our study of proper vertices was motivated by A. Postnikov's hook length formula for binary trees (arXiv:math.CO/0507163), which was also proved by W. Y. C. Chen and L. L. M. Yang (arXiv:math.CO/0507163) and generalized by R. R. X. D…
An edge-bicolored graph approach to the Ising model on random regular graphs
该研究针对随机正则图上的铁磁伊辛模型，利用解析组合学将配分函数作为边双色图生成函数，通过渐近计数获自由能，分析公式揭示了二阶相变及平均场普适类临界指数。
Exact Counts of Binary Phylogenetic Networks with Four Reticulations
本文推导出具有四个网状进化事件的二元系统发育网络数量的显式闭式公式，通过将79种组件图分为十组并组合已知计数实现精确枚举。
The distributions under two species-tree models of the total number of ancestral configurations for matching gene trees and species trees
该研究针对基因树与物种树拓扑匹配的情形，用解析组合方法分析了均匀和Yule两种模型下随机标记拓扑的祖先构型总数的分布，证明其渐近服从对数正态分布并给出了均值与方差的渐近增长式。
A lattice structure for ancestral configurations arising from the relationship between gene trees and species trees
本文研究了基因树与物种树关系下祖先配置的格结构，通过迭代图的笛卡尔积定义祖先配置的有向图，并利用其与标记历史的双射关系，推导出各类树家族中标记历史的数量公式，进一步证明该格结构可扩展到非匹配树对，并用于确定固定G下的最大祖先配置对。
Antichain polynomials of products of chains and minuscule posets
本文研究链与极小偏序集乘积的反链多项式，给出计数公式、回文性条件，证明零点性质并构造双射，解决猜想并给出反例。
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