Hochster's Monomial Conjecture and Canonical Element Conjecture date back some thirty resp. twenty years. They concern all noetherian commutative local rings, and were proved by their originator right away in equal characteristic. Thanks to recent important progress by Heitmann, they are now known to hold in mixed characteristic for all such rings of dimension < 4. Nevertheless, the remaining cases are among the best guarded secrets in this area.
We show that these conjectures can be considered as statements about Gorenstein rings of the same dimension and particular characteristic and their module theory. In this survey, we string together relevant results from a series of previous joint articles. No proofs are given, but the ideas behind them are explained. In particular, we propagate the use of Auslander-Buchweitz methods. Thus one obtains a number of different looking results about Gorenstein rings in the known cases. In the remaining ones, it is enough to prove any one of these statements for Gorenstein rings.
In this paper, we introduce and study the rings of Gorenstein homological dimensions small or equal than 1, which we call Gorenstein (semi)hereditary rings, specially particular cases of these rings, which we call strongly Gorenstein (semi)hereditary rings.
Let $C$ be a semidualizing module. We first investigate the properties of finitely generated $G_C$-projective modules. Then, relative to $C$, we introduce and study the rings of Gorenstein (weak) global dimensions at most 1, which we call $C$-Gorenstein (semi)hereditary rings, and prove that every $C$-Gorenstein hereditary ring is both coherent and $C$-Gorenstein semihereditary.
The so-called 'change-of-ring' results are well-known expressions which present several connections between projective, injective and flat dimensions over the various base rings. In this note we extend these results to the Gorenstein dimensions over Cohen-Macaulay local rings.
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring. In this paper, we study those finitely generated $R$-modules whose Cousin complexes provide Gorenstein injective resolutions. We call such a module a G-Gorenstein module. Characterizations of G-Gorenstein modules are given and a class of such modules is determined. It is shown that the class of G-Gorenstein modules strictly contains the class of Gorenstein modules. Also, we provide a Gorenstein injective resolution for a balanced big Cohen-Macaulay $R$-module. Finally, using the notion of a G-Gorenstein module, we obtain characterizations of Gorenstein…
A semi-dualizing module over a commutative noetherian ring A is a finitely generated module C with RHom_A(C,C) \simeq A in the derived category D(A). We show how each such module gives rise to three new homological dimensions which we call C-Gorenstein projective, C-Gorenstein injective, and C-Gorenstein flat dimension, and investigate the properties of these dimensions.
Let $(R,\frak m, k)$ be a noetherian local ring. It is well-known that $R$ is regular if and only if the injective dimension of $k$ is finite. In this paper it is shown that $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if the Gorenstein injective dimension of $k$ is finite. On the other hand a generalized version of the so-called Bass formula is proved for finitely generated modules of finite Gorenstein injective dimension. It also improves Christensen's generalized Bass formula (cf. "Gorenstein dimensions", volume 1747 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000).
We investigate symmetry in the vanishing of Ext for finitely generated modules over local Gorenstein rings. In particular, we define a class of local Gorenstein rings, which we call AB rings, and show that for finitely generated modules $M$ and $N$ over an AB ring $R$, $Ext^i_R(M,N)=0$ for all $i >> 0$ if and only if $Ext^i_R(N,M)=0$ for all $i >> 0$.
A ring $R$ is called left GF-closed, if the class of all Gorenstein flat left $R$-modules is closed under extensions. The class of left GF-closed rings includes strictly the one of right coherent rings and the one of rings of finite weak dimension. In this paper, we investigate the Gorenstein flat dimension over left GF-closed rings. Namely, we generalize the fact that the class of all Gorenstein flat left modules is projectively resolving over right coherent rings to left GF-closed rings. Also, we generalize the characterization of Gorenstein flat left modules (then of Gorenstein flat dimensi…
Let $A$ and $B$ be commutative rings with unity, $f:A\to B$ a ring homomorphism and $J$ an ideal of $B$. Then the subring $A\bowtie^fJ:=\{(a,f(a)+j)|a\in A$ and $j\in J\}$ of $A\times B$ is called the amalgamation of $A$ with $B$ along with $J$ with respect to $f$. In this paper, among other things, we investigate the Cohen-Macaulay and (quasi-)Gorenstein properties on the ring $A\bowtie^fJ$.
In 2012, Ananthnarayan, Avramov and Moore gave a new construction of Gorenstein rings from two Gorenstein local rings, called their connected sum. In this article, we investigate conditions on the associated graded ring of a Gorenstein Artin local ring Q, which force it to be a connected sum over its residue field. In particular, we recover some results regarding short, and stretched, Gorenstein Artin rings. Finally, using these decompositions, we obtain results about the rationality of the Poincare series of Q.
Gorenstein rings are important to mathematical areas as diverse as algebraic geometry, where they encode information about singularities of spaces, and homotopy theory, through the concept of model categories. In consequence, the study of Gorenstein rings has led to the advent of a whole branch of homological algebra, known as Gorenstein homological algebra. This paper solves one of the open problems of Gorenstein homological algebra by showing that so-called Gorenstein projective resolutions exist over quite general rings, thereby enabling the definition of a Gorenstein version of derived fun…
In 2012, Ananthnarayan, Avramov and Moore give a new construction of Gorenstein rings from two Gorenstein local rings, called their connected sum. Given a Gorenstein ring, one would like to know whether it decomposes as a connected sum and if so, what are its components. We answer these questions in the Artinian case and investigate conditions on the ring which force it to be indecomposable as a connected sum. We further give a characterization for Gorenstein Artin local rings to be decomposable as connected sums, and as a consequence, obtain results about its Poincare series and minimal numbe…
We study one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay rings whose trace ideal of the canonical module is as small as possible. In this paper we call such rings far-flung Gorenstein rings. We investigate far-flung Gorenstein rings in relation with the endomorphism algebras of the maximal ideals and numerical semigroup rings. We show that the solution of the Rohrbach problem in additive number theory provides an upper bound for the multiplicity of far-flung Gorenstein numerical semigroup rings. Reflexive modules over far-flung Gorenstein rings are also studied.
Let $R$ be a general ring. Duality pairs of $R$-modules were introduced by Holm-Jorgensen. Most examples satisfy further properties making them what we call semi-complete duality pairs in this paper. We attach a relative theory of Gorenstein homological algebra to any given semi-complete duality pair $\mathfrak{D} = (\mathcal{L},\mathcal{A})$. This generalizes the homological theory of the AC-Gorenstein modules defined by Bravo-Gillespie-Hovey, and we apply this to other semi-complete duality pairs. The main application is that the Ding injective modules are the right side of a complete (perfe…
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian local ring with residue field $k$. Using the structure of Vogel cohomology, for any finitely generated module $M$, we introduce a new dimension, called $ζ$-dimension, denoted by $ζ-dim_R M$. This dimension is finer than Gorenstein dimension and has nice properties enjoyed by homological dimensions. In particular, it characterizes Gorenstein rings in the sense that: a ring $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if every finitely generated $R$-module has finite $ζ$-dimension. Our definition of $ζ$-dimension offer a new homological perspective on the projective dimensio…
We focus on the structure of a homogeneous Gorenstein ideal $I$ of codimension three in a standard polynomial ring $R=\kk[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ over a field $\kk$, assuming that $I$ is generated in a fixed degree $d$. For such an ideal $I$ this degree comes along with the minimal number of generators of $I$ and the degree of the entries of the associated skew-symmetric matrix in a simple formula. We give an elementary characteristic-free argument to the effect that, for any such data linked by this formula, there exists a Gorenstein ideal $I$ of codimension three filling them. We conjecture that, f…
In this paper I investigate minimal surfaces of general type with p_g=5, q=0 for which the 1-canonical map is a birational morphism onto a surface in P^4 (so called canonical surfaces in P^4) via a structure theorem for the Hilbert resolutions of the canonical rings of the afore-mentioned surfaces, viewed as Gorenstein algebras of codimension 2 over the homogeneous coordinate ring of P^4. I discuss how the ring structure of such an algebra is encoded in its resolution. Among other things I show how this method can be applied to analyze the moduli space of canonical surfaces with p_g=5, q=0, K^…
In this paper we study homological dimensions of finitely generated modules over commutative Noetherian local rings, called reducing homological dimensions. We obtain new characterizations of Gorenstein and complete intersection local rings via reducing homological dimensions. For example, we extend a classical result of Auslander and Bridger, and prove that a local ring is Gorenstein if and only if each finitely generated module over it has finite reducing Gorenstein dimension. Along the way, we prove various connections between complexity and reducing projective dimension of modules.
The notion of 2-almost Gorenstein local ring (2-AGL ring for short) is a generalization of the notion of almost Gorenstein local ring from the point of view of Sally modules of canonical ideals. In this paper, for further developments of the theory, we discuss three different topics on 2-AGL rings. The first one is to clarify the structure of minimal presentations of canonical ideals, and the second one is the study of the question of when certain fiber products, so called amalgamated duplications are 2-AGL rings. We also explore Ulrich ideals in 2-AGL rings, mainly two-generated ones.
We conjecture that the set of all Hilbert functions of (artinian) level algebras enjoys a very natural form of regularity, which we call the {\em Interval Conjecture} (IC): If, for some positive integer $α$, $(1,h_1,...,h_i,...,h_e)$ and $(1,h_1,...,h_i+α,...,h_e)$ are both level $h$-vectors, then $(1,h_1,...,h_i+β,...,h_e)$ is also level for each integer $β=0,1,..., α.$ In the Gorenstein case, i.e. when $h_e=1$, we also supply the {\em Gorenstein Interval Conjecture} (GIC), which naturally generalizes the IC, and basically states that the same property simultaneously holds for any two symmetr…
Over a noetherian local ring certain minimal finite free resolutions possess a property which we call stiffness. This calls to mind the Buchsbaum-Eisenbud criterion for exactness. Yet we only prove stiffness over equicharacteristic rings. However, Hochster's Canonical Element Conjecture is shown to be true for every ring with a fixed prime residual characteristic, precisely when every resolution over each Gorenstein ring of this type is stiff.
The trace of the canonical module (the canonical trace) determines the non-Gorenstein locus of a local Cohen--Macaulay ring. We call a local Cohen--Macaulay ring nearly Gorenstein, if its canonical trace contains the maximal ideal. Similar definitions can be made for positively graded Cohen--Macaulay $K$-algebras. We study the canonical trace for tensor products and Segre products of algebras, as well as of (squarefree) Veronese subalgebras. The results are used to classify the nearly Gorenstein Hibi rings. We study connections between the class of nearly Gorenstein rings and that of almost Go…
For a numerical semigroup ring $K[H]$ we study the trace of its canonical ideal. The colength of this ideal is called the residue of $H$. This invariant measures how far is $H$ from being symmetric, i.e. $K[H]$ from being a Gorenstein ring. We remark that the canonical trace ideal contains the conductor ideal, and we study bounds for the residue. For $3$-generated numerical semigroups we give explicit formulas for the canonical trace ideal and the residue of $H$. Thus, in this setting we can classify those whose residue is at most one (the nearly-Gorenstein ones), and we show the eventual peri…
Let $Λ$ be a left and right noetherian ring. First, for $m,n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$, we give equivalent conditions for a given $Λ$-module to be $n$-torsionfree and have $m$-torsionfree transpose. Using them, we investigate totally reflexive modules and reducing Gorenstein dimension. Next, we introduce homological invariants for $Λ$-modules which we call upper reducing projective and Gorenstein dimensions. We provide an inequality of upper reducing projective dimension and complexity when $Λ$ is commutative and local. Using it, we consider how upper reducing projective dimension relates to…
Auslander conjectured that every Artin algebra satisfies a certain condition on vanishing of cohomology of finitely generated modules. The failure of this conjecture - by a 2003 counterexample due to Jorgensen and Sega - motivates the consideration of the class of rings that do satisfy Auslander's condition. We call them AC rings and show that an AC Artin algebra that is left-Gorenstein is also right-Gorenstein. Furthermore, the Auslander-Reiten Conjecture is proved for AC rings, and Auslander's G-dimension is shown to be functorial for AC rings that are commutative or have a dualizing complex…
We consider a construction by which we obtain a simple graph $\mathrm{T}(H,v)$ from a simple graph $H$ and a non-isolated vertex $v$ of $H$. We call this construction "Trung's construction". We prove that $\mathrm{T}(H,v)$ is well-covered, W$_2$ or Gorenstein if and only if $H$ is so. Also we present a formula for computing the independence polynomial of $\mathrm{T}(H,v)$ and investigate when $\mathrm{T}(H,v)$ satisfies the Charney-Davis conjecture. As a consequence of our results, we show that every Gorenstein planar graph with girth at least four, satisfies the Charney-Davis conjecture.
We introduce a new invariant for local rings of prime characteristic, called Frobenius complexity, that measures the abundance of Frobenius actions on the injective hull of the residue field of a local ring. We present an important case where the Frobenius complexity is finite, and prove that complete, normal rings of dimension two or less have Frobenius complexity less than or equal to zero. Moreover, we compute the Frobenius complexity for the determinantal ring obtained by modding out the $2 \times 2$ minors of a $2 \times 3$ matrix of indeterminates, showing that this number can be positiv…
