The aim of these notes is to collect and motivate the basic localization toolbox for the geometric study of ``spaces'', locally described by noncommutative rings and their categories of one-sided modules.
We present the basics of Ore localization of rings and modules in much detail. Common practical techniques are studied as well. We also describe a counterexample for a folklore test principle. Localization in negatively filtered rings arising in deformation theory is presented. A new notion of the differential Ore condition is introduced in the study of localization of differential calculi.
To aid the geometrical viewpoint, localization is studied with emphasis on descent formalism, flatness, abelian categories of quasicoherent sheaves and generalizations, and natural pairs of adjoint functors for sheaf and module categories. The key motivational theorems from the seminal works of Gabriel on localization, abelian categories and schemes are quoted without proof, as well as the related statements of Popescu, Watts, Deligne and Rosenberg.
The Cohn universal localization does not have good flatness properties, but it is determined by the localization map already at the ring level. Cohn localization is here related to the quasideterminants of Gelfand and Retakh; and this may help understanding both subjects.
Viewing comodule algebras as the noncommutative analogues of affine varieties with affine group actions, we propose rudiments of a localization approach to nonaffine Hopf algebraic quotients of noncommutative affine varieties corresponding to comodule algebras. After reviewing basic background on noncommutative localizations, we introduce localizations compatible with coactions. Coinvariants of these localized coactions give local information about quotients. We define Zariski locally trivial quantum group algebraic principal and associated bundles. Compatible localizations induce localization…
In this paper we shall show the equivalence of algebraic and analytic localisation for algebras of smooth deformation quantization for several situations. The proofs are based on old work by Whitney, Malgrange and Tougeron on the commutative algebra of smooth function rings from the 60's and 70's.
These Lectures are based on a course on noncommutative geometry given by the author in 2003 at the University of Chicago. The lectures contain some standard material, such as Poisson and Gerstenhaber algebras, deformations, Hochschild cohomology, Serre functors, etc. We also discuss many less known as well as some new results, in particular, noncommutative Chern-Weil theory, noncommutative symplectic geometry, noncommutative differential forms and double-tangent bundles.
The first part of these notes gives an introduction to noncommutative projective geometry after Artin--Zhang. The second part provides an overview of the work of Polishchuk that reconciles noncommutative two-tori having real multiplication with the Artin--Zhang setting.
Kontsevich and Rosenberg propose to study smooth noncommutative spaces by approximation at level n by representation spaces. In this note we make some comments about their proposal.
After introducing a noncommutative counterpart of commutative algebraic geometry based on monoidal categories of quasi-coherent sheaves we show that various constructions in noncommutative geometry (e.g. Morita equivalences, Hopf-Galois extensions) can be given geometric meaning extending their geometric interpretations in the commutative case. On the other hand, we show that some constructions in commutative geometry (e.g. faithfully flat descent theory, principal fibrations, equivariant and infinitesimal geometry) can be interpreted as noncommutative geometric constructions applied to commut…
In this survey article we discuss a framework of noncommutative geometry with differential graded categories as models for spaces. We outline a construction of the category of noncommutative spaces and also include a discussion on noncommutative motives. We propose a motivic measure with values in a motivic ring. This enables us to introduce certain zeta functions of noncommutative spaces.
In contrast with differential operators on modules over commutative and graded commutative rings, there is no satisfactory notion of a differential operator in noncommutative geometry.
We develop a new framework for noncommutative differential geometry based on double derivations. This leads to the notion of moment map and of Hamiltonian reduction in noncommutative symplectic geometry. For any smooth associative algebra B, we define its noncommutative cotangent bundle T^*B, which is a basic example of noncommutative symplectic manifold. Applying Hamiltonian reduction to noncommutative cotangent bundles gives an interesting class of associative algebras, P=P(B), that includes preprojective algebras associated with quivers. Our formalism of noncommutative Hamiltonian reduction…
We study sigma-models on noncommutative spaces, notably on noncommutative tori. We construct instanton solutions carrying a nontrivial topological charge q and satisfying a Belavin-Polyakov bound. The moduli space of these instantons is conjectured to consists of an ordinary torus endowed with a complex structure times a projective space $CP^{q-1}$.
This is the text of a series of five lectures given by the author at the "Second Annual Spring Institute on Noncommutative Geometry and Operator Algebras" held at Vanderbilt University in May 2004. It is meant as an overview of recent results illustrating the interplay between noncommutative geometry and arithmetic geometry/number theory.
This paper gives a short and historical survey on the theory of pure motives in algebraic geometry and reviews some of the recent developments of this theory in noncommutative geometry. The second part of the paper outlines the new theory of endomotives and some of its relevant applications in number-theory.
MSc thesis of the author offering an introduction to the operator algebraic approach to noncommutative geometry, with a treatment of some more advanced elements such as the noncommutative geometry of quantum groups, fuzzy physics, and compact quantum metric spaces.
We argue that there should exist a "noncommutative Fourier transform" which should identify functions of noncommutative variables (say, of matrices of indeterminate size) and ordinary functions or measures on the space of paths. Some examples are considered.
We discuss the noncommutative generalizations of polynomial algebras which after appropriate completions can be used as coordinate algebras in various noncommutative settings, (noncommutative differential geometry, noncommutative algebraic geometry, etc.). These algebras have finite presentations and are completely characterized and classified by their (noncommutative) volume forms.
This paper defines and examines the basic properties of noncommutative analogues of almost complex structures, integrable almost complex structures, holomorphic curvature, cohomology, and holomorphic sheaves. The starting point is a differential structure on a noncommutative algebra defined in terms of a differential graded algebra. This is compared to current ideas on noncommutative algebraic geometry.
These notes contain a survey of some aspects of the theory of graded differential algebras and of noncommutative differential calculi as well as of some applications connected with physics. They also give a description of several new developments.
Building on the now established presentation of the standard Podles sphere as an example of a noncommutative complex structure, we investigate how its classical Kahler geometry behaves under $q$-deformation. Discussed are noncommutative versions of Hodge decomposition, Lefschetz decomposition, the Kahler identities, and the refinement of de Rham cohomology by Dolbeault cohomology
We study a deformation of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms of a smooth manifold. The deformation is based on a general twist. This leads to a differential geometry on a noncommutative algebra of functions whose product is a star-product. The class of noncommutative spaces studied is very rich. Non-anticommutative superspaces are also briefly considered. The differential geometry developed is covariant under deformed diffeomorphisms and it is coordinate independent. The main target of this work is the construction of Einstein's equations for gravity on noncommutative manifolds.
In this paper we show that the homology of a certain natural compactification of the moduli space, introduced by Kontsevich in his study of Witten's conjectures, can be described completely algebraically as the homology of a certain differential graded Lie algebra. This two-parameter family is constructed by using a Lie cobracket on the space of noncommutative 0-forms, a structure which corresponds to pinching simple closed curves on a Riemann surface, to deform the noncommutative symplectic geometry described by Kontsevich in his subsequent papers.
We explore the relation between the Hopf algebra associated to the renormalization of QFT and the Hopf algebra associated to the NCG computations of transverse index theory for foliations.
We define and study a noncommutative Fourier transform on every homogeneous complex bounded domain. We then give an application in noncommutative differential geometry by defining noncommutative Baumslag-Solitar tori.
Recently V. Ginzburg proved that Calogero phase space is a coadjoint orbit for some infinite dimensional Lie algebra coming from noncommutative symplectic geometry. In this note we generalize this argument to specific quotient varieties of representations of (deformed) preprojective algebras. This result was also obtained independently by V. Ginzburg.
For a simplicial manifold we construct the differential geometry structure and use it to investigate linear connections, metric and gravity. We discuss and compare three main approaches and calculate the resulting gravity action functionals.
We unveil the geometric nature of the multiplet of fundamental fermions in the Standard Model of fundamental particles as a noncommutative analogue of de Rham forms on the internal finite quantum space.
This is the introduction and bibliography for lecture notes of a course given at the Summer School on Noncommutative Geometry and Applications, sponsored by the European Mathematical Society, at Monsaraz and Lisboa, Portugal, September 1-10, 1997. In the published version, an epilogue of recent developments and many new references from 1998-2006 have been added. 1. Commutative geometry from the noncommutative point of view. 2. Spectral triples on the Riemann sphere. 3. Real spectral triples, the axiomatic foundation. 4. Geometries on the noncommutative torus. 5. The noncommutative integral. 6.…
Let k be a perfect field and let K/k be a finite extension of fields. An arithmetic noncommutative projective line is a noncommutative space equal to the projectivization of the noncommutative symmetric algebra of a k-central two -sided vector space of rank two over K. We study the geometry of these spaces. More precisely, we prove they are integral, we classify vector bundles over them, we classify them up to isomorphism, and we classify isomorphisms between them. Using the classification of isomorphisms, we compute the automorphism group of an arithmetic noncommutative projective line.
This text is an introduction to a few selected areas of Alain Connes' noncommutative geometry written for the volume of the school/conference "Noncommutative Geometry 2005" held at IPM Tehran. It is an expanded version of my lectures which was directed at graduate students and novice in the subject.
We study a first variation formula for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian evolving under the Ricci flow in a simple example of a noncommutative matrix geometry, namely a finite dimensional representation of a noncommutative torus. In order to do so, we first show that the Ricci flow in this matrix geometry is analytic.
We introduce Hopf algebroid covariance on Woronowicz's differential calculus. Using it, we develop quite a general framework of noncommutative complex geometry that subsumes the one in [2]. We present transverse complex and Kähler structures as examples and discuss several other examples. Relation with past literature is described.
We define and study noncommutative generalizations of submanifolds and quotient manifolds, for the derivation-based differential calculus introduced by M.~Dubois-Violette and P.~Michor. We give examples to illustrate these definitions.
A review of the applications of noncommutative geometry to a systematic formulation of duality symmetries in string theory is presented. The spectral triples associated with a lattice vertex operator algebra and the corresponding Dirac-Ramond operators are constructed and shown to naturally incorporate target space and discrete worldsheet dualities as isometries of the noncommutative space. The target space duality and diffeomorphism symmetries are shown to act as gauge transformations of the geometry. The connections with the noncommutative torus and Matrix Theory compactifications are also d…
Quantum groups and quantum homogeneous spaces - developed by several authors since the 80's - provide a large class of examples of algebras which for many reasons we interpret as `coordinate algebras' over noncommutative spaces. This dissertation is an attempt to understand them from the point of view of Connes' noncommutative geometry.
An introduction is given to some selected aspects of noncommutative geometry. Simple examples in this context are provided by finite sets and lattices. As an application, it is explained how the nonlinear Toda lattice and a discrete time version of it can be understood as generalized sigma-models based on noncommutative geometries. In particular, in this way one achieves a simple understanding of the complete integrability of the Toda lattice. Furthermore, generalized metric structures on finite sets and lattices are briefly discussed.
A general definition of a bimodule connection in noncommutative geometry has been recently proposed. For a given algebra this definition is compared with the ordinary definition of a connection on a left module over the associated enveloping algebra. The corresponding curvatures are also compared.
We analyze in detail projective modules over two-dimensional noncommutative tori and complex structures on these modules.We concentrate our attention on properties of holomorphic vectors in these modules; the theory of these vectors generalizes the theory of theta-functions. The paper is self-contained; it can be used also as an introduction to the theory of noncommutative spaces with simplest space of this kind thoroughly analyzed as a basic example.
We define a new algebra of noncommutative differential forms for any Hopf algebra with an invertible antipode. We prove that there is a one to one correspondence between anti-Yetter-Drinfeld modules, which serve as coefficients for the Hopf cyclic (co)homology, and modules which admit a flat connection with respect to our differential calculus. Thus we show that these coefficient modules can be regarded as ``flat bundles'' in the sense of Connes' noncommutative differential geometry.
Extending a recently proposed procedure of construction of various elements of diffential geometry on noncommutative algebras, we obtain these structures on noncommutative superalgebras. As an example, a quantum superspace covariant under the action of super-Jordanian $OSp_h(2/1)$ is studied. It is shown that there exist a two paramater family of torsionless connections, and the curvature computed from this family of connections is bilinear. It is also shown that the connections are not compatible with the metric.
We discuss in some generality aspects of noncommutative differential geometry associated with reality conditions and with differential calculi. We then describe the differential calculus based on derivations as generalization of vector fields, and we show its relations with quantum mechanics. Finally we formulate a general theory of connections in this framework.
Our understanding of the notion of curvature in a noncommutative setting has progressed substantially in the past ten years. This new episode in noncommutative geometry started when a Gauss-Bonnet theorem was proved by Connes and Tretkoff for a curved noncommutative two torus. Ideas from spectral geometry and heat kernel asymptotic expansions suggest a general way of defining local curvature invariants for noncommutative Riemannian type spaces where the metric structure is encoded by a Dirac type operator. To carry explicit computations however one needs quite intriguing new ideas. We give an …
This text is written for the volume of the school/conference "Noncommutative Geometry 2005" held at IPM Tehran. It gives a survey of methods and results in noncommutative geometry, based on a discussion of significant examples of noncommutative spaces in geometry, number theory, and physics. The paper also contains an outline (the ``Tehran program'') of ongoing joint work with Consani on the noncommutative geometry of the adeles class space and its relation to number theoretic questions.
This is the second in a series of papers intended to set up a framework to study categories of modules in the context of non-commutative geometries. In \cite{mem} we introduced the basic DG category $\Pc_{\A^\bullet}$, the perfect category of $\A^\bullet$, which corresponded to the category of coherent sheaves on a complex manifold. In this paper we enlarge this category to include objects which correspond to quasi-coherent sheaves. We then apply this framework to proving an equivalence of categories between derived categories on the noncommutative complex torus and on a holomorphic gerbe on t…
Spectral triples over noncommutative principal $\T^n$-bundles are studied, extending recent results about the noncommutative geometry of principal U(1)-bundles. We relate the noncommutative geometry of the total space of the bundle with the geometry of the base space. Moreover, strong connections are used to build new Dirac operators. We discuss as a particular case the commutative case, the noncommutative tori and theta deformed manifolds.
Dynamical inverse problem of representation theory, which has its origin in a classical paper of E.P.Wigner on a determination of commutation relations of quantum mechanical quantities by the quantum dynamical equations, is illustrated on the simplest examples.
