The division map of principal bundles with groupoid structure and generalized gauge transformations
C. A. Rossi
备注：
Some modifications of the introduction; retrieved a small subsection; added a new section concerning Hilsum-Skandalis morphisms and Hilsum-Skandalis generalized gauge transformations; added some citations
Motivated by the computations done in \cite{C1}, where I introduced and discussed what I called the groupoid of generalized gauge transformations, viewed as a groupoid over the objects of the category $\mathsf{Bun}_{G,M}$ of principal $G$-bundles over a given manifold $M$, I develop in this paper the same ideas for the more general case of {\em principal $\calG$-bundles or principal bundles with structure groupoid $\calG$}, where now $\calG$ is a Lie groupoid in the sense of \cite{Moer2}.
Most of the concepts introduced in \cite{C1} can be translated almost verbatim in the framework of principal bundles with structure groupoid $\calG$; in particular, the key r�le for the construction of generalized gauge transformations is again played by (the equivalent in the framework of principal bundles with groupoid structure of) the division map $f_P$. Of great importance are also the generalized conjugation in a groupoid and the concept of (twisted) equivariant maps between groupoid-spaces.
The theory of principal $G$-bundles over a Lie groupoid is an important one, unifying the various types of principal $G$-bundles, including those over manifolds, those over orbifolds, as well as equivariant principal $G$-bundles. In this paper, we study the differential geometry of these objects, including connections and holonomy maps. We also introduce a Chern-Weil map for these principal bundles and prove that the characteristic classes obtained coincide with the universal characteristic classes. As an application, we recover the equivariant Chern-Weil map of Bott-Tu. We also obtain an expl…
The aim of this paper is to review and discuss in detail local aspects of principal bundles with groupoid structure. Many results, in particular from the second and third section, are already known to some extents, but, due to the lack of a ``unified'' point of view on the subject, I decided nonetheless to (re)define all the main concepts and write all proofs; however, some results are reformulated in a more elegant way, using the division map and the generalized conjugation of a Lie groupoid. In the same framework, I discuss later generalized groupoids and Morita equivalences from a local poi…
We consider groupoids in the category of principal bundles, which we call principal bundles (PB) groupoids. Inspired by work by Th. Nikolaus and K. Waldorf, we generalise bundle gerbes over manifolds to bundle gerbes over groupoids and discuss a functorial correspondence between PB groupoids and bundle gerbes over groupoids. From a PB groupoid over a fibre product groupoid, we build a bundle gerbe over another fibre product groupoid. Conversely, from a bundle gerbe over a Lie groupoid, we build a PB groupoid. It has a trivial base and from any PB groupoid with trivial base, we build a bundle g…
The equivalence of principal bundles with transitive Lie groupoids due to Ehresmann is a well known result. A remarkable generalisation of this equivalence, due to Mackenzie, is the equivalence of principal bundle extensions with those transitive Lie groupoids over the total space of a principal bundle, which also admit an action of the structure group by automorphisms. This paper proves the existence of suitably equivariant transition functions for such groupoids, generalising consequently the classification of principal bundles by means of their transition functions, to extensions of princip…
Stacky Lie groupoids are generalizations of Lie groupoids in which the "space of arrows" of the groupoid is a differentiable stack. In this paper, we consider actions of stacky Lie groupoids on differentiable stacks and their associated quotients. We provide a characterization of principal actions of stacky Lie groupoids, i.e., actions whose quotients are again differentiable stacks in such a way that the projection onto the quotient is a principal bundle. As an application, we extend the notion of Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids to the realm of stacky Lie groupoids, providing examples tha…
For a strict Lie 2-group, we develop a notion of Lie 2-algebra-valued differential forms on Lie groupoids, furnishing a differential graded-commutative Lie algebra equipped with an adjoint action of the Lie 2-group and a pullback operation along Morita equivalences between Lie groupoids. Using this notion, we define connections on principal 2-bundles as Lie 2-algebra-valued 1-forms on the total space Lie groupoid of the 2-bundle, satisfying a condition in complete analogy to connections on ordinary principal bundles. We carefully treat various notions of curvature, and prove a classification r…
In this thesis, we employ simplicial methods to study actions, principal bundles, and bibundles of higher groupoids. Roughly, we use Kan fibrations to model actions of higher groupoids, we use pairs of a Kan fibration and a special acyclic fibration to model principal bundles of higher groupoids, we use inner Kan fibrations over the interval to model bibundles of higher groupoids. In particular, we show that our definitions given by the simplicial method agree with those given by the categorification approach to actions, principal bundles, and bibundles of 2-groupoids. In addition, we use the …
We put together some of the efforts by several people of making aspects of fibre bundle theory into algebra. The initiator of these efforts was Charles Ehresmann, who put the notion of groupoid and groupoid action in the focus of fibre bundle theory in general, and in connection theory in particular.
In this PhD thesis, we have studied certain geometric structures over Lie groupoids and differentiable stacks. This thesis is based on the work [arXiv:2103.04560, arXiv:2012.08447, arXiv:2012.08442, arXiv:1907.00375]. In [arXiv:1907.00375], we have discussed the correspondence between two notions of a gerbe over a stack. In [arXiv:2012.08447], we have developed the notion of Chern-Weil map for principal bundles over a Lie groupoid when the Lie groupoid is equipped with a connection. In [arXiv:2012.08442], we discuss the notion of connection on the principal bundle over a Deligne Mumford stack …
We give a new construction of the holonomy groupoid of a regular foliation in terms of a partial connection on a diffeological principal bundle of germs of transverse parametrisations. We extend these ideas to construct a novel holonomy groupoid for any foliated bundle, which we prove sits at the top of a hierarchy of diffeological jet holonomy groupoids associated to the foliated bundle.
A nice differential-geometric framework for (non-abelian) higher gauge theory is provided by principal 2-bundles, i.e. categorified principal bundles. Their total spaces are Lie groupoids, local trivializations are kinds of Morita equivalences, and connections are Lie-2-algebra-valued 1-forms. In this article, we construct explicitly the parallel transport of a connection on a principal 2-bundle. Parallel transport along a path is a Morita equivalence between the fibres over the end points, and parallel transport along a surface is an intertwiner between Morita equivalences. We prove that our …
We introduce a new notion of Morita equivalence for diffeological groupoids, generalising the original notion for Lie groupoids. For this we develop a theory of diffeological groupoid actions, -bundles and -bibundles. We define a notion of principality for these bundles, which uses the notion of a subduction, generalising the notion of a Lie group(oid) principal bundle. We say two diffeological groupoids are Morita equivalent if and only if there exists a biprincipal bibundle between them. Using a Hilsum-Skandalis tensor product, we further define a composition of diffeological bibundles, and …
For a smooth (locally trivial) principal bundle in Ehresmann's sense, the relation between the commuting vertical and horizontal actions of the structural Lie group and the structural Lie groupoid (isomorphisms between vertical fibers) is regarded as a special case of a symmetrical concept of conjugation between "principal" Lie groupoid actions, allowing possibly non-locally trivial bundles. A diagrammatic description of this concept via a symmetric "butterfly diagram" allows its "internalization" in a wide class of categories (used by "working mathematicians") whenever they are endowed with t…
We consider the problem of existence of representations of topological groupoids on a principal bundle and the classification of such representations up to gauge transformation. Such representations naturally occur in various contexts such as gauge theory, lattice gauge fields, equivariant bundles, etc. In the course of the proofs, some new facts about Milnor's classifying spaces and gauge groups are established.
We develop a description of higher gauge theory with higher groupoids as gauge structure from first principles. This approach captures ordinary gauge theories and gauged sigma models as well as their categorifications on a very general class of (higher) spaces comprising presentable differentiable stacks, as e.g. orbifolds. We start off with a self-contained review on simplicial sets as models of $(\infty,1)$-categories. We then discuss principal bundles in terms of simplicial maps and their homotopies. We explain in detail a differentiation procedure, suggested by Severa, that maps higher gro…
We consider principal bundles as generalized morphisms between topological groupoids. In the category of these generalized morphisms two topological groupoids are isomorphic if and only if they are Morita equivalent. We show that the fibers of a generalized morphism from H to G induce a singular foliation of the topological groupoid H, and we prove a Reeb-Thurston stability theorem for such foliations. Next, we use generalized morphisms to study some Morita invariants of topological groupoids, in particular the homotopy groups of a topological groupoid and the Connes convolution algebra of an …
Let $G$ be a Lie group and $G\to\Aut(G)$ be the canonical group homomorphism induced by the adjoint action of a group on itself. We give an explicit description of a 1-1 correspondence between Morita equivalence classes of, on the one hand, principal 2-group $[G\to\Aut(G)]$-bundles over Lie groupoids and, on the other hand, $G$-extensions of Lie groupoids (i.e.\ between principal $[G\to\Aut(G)]$-bundles over differentiable stacks and $G$-gerbes over differentiable stacks). This approach also allows us to identify $G$-bound gerbes and $[Z(G)\to 1]$-group bundles over differentiable stacks, wher…
We construct and study general connections on Lie groupoids and differentiable stacks as well as on principal bundles over them using Atiyah sequences associated to transversal tangential distributions.
The motivation for this paper stems \cite{CR} from the need to construct explicit isomorphisms of (possibly nontrivial) principal $G$-bundles on the space of loops or, more generally, of paths in some manifold $M$, over which I consider a fixed principal bundle $P$; the aforementioned bundles are then pull-backs of $P$ w.r.t. evaluation maps at different points. The explicit construction of these isomorphisms between pulled-back bundles relies on the notion of {\em parallel transport}. I introduce and discuss extensively at this point the notion of {\em generalized gauge transformation between…
Groupoids provide a more appropriate framework for differential geometry than principal bundles. Synthetic differential geometry is the avant-garde branch of differential geometry, in which nilpotent infinitesimals are available in abundance. The principal objective in this paper is to show within our favorite framework of synthetic differential geometry that the tangent space of the group of bisections of a microlinear groupoid at its identity is naturally a Lie algebra. We give essentially distinct two proofs for its Jacobi identity.
Transitive Lie algebroids and \textbf{Q}-manifolds
Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西米翁·斯托伊洛数学研究所）；Unité Mixte de Recherche 5127 CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA)（CNRS联合研究单位5127，萨瓦-蒙布朗大学，数学实验室）
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