We consider two partial orders on standard Young tableaux. The first one is induced from the weak right Bruhat order on symmetric group by Robinson-Schensted algorithm. The second one is induced from the order on Young diagrams by considering a Young tableau as a chain of Young diagrams. We show that these two orders of completely different nature coincide on the subset of Young tableaux with 2 columns or with 2 rows. This fact has very interesting geometric implications for orbital varieties of nilpotent order 2 in sl(n).
We study the orbits of $G=\mathrm{GL}(V)$ in the enhanced nilpotent cone $V\times\mathcal{N}$, where $\mathcal{N}$ is the variety of nilpotent endomorphisms of $V$. These orbits are parametrized by bipartitions of $n=\dim V$, and we prove that the closure ordering corresponds to a natural partial order on bipartitions. Moreover, we prove that the local intersection cohomology of the orbit closures is given by certain bipartition analogues of Kostka polynomials, defined by Shoji. Finally, we make a connection with Kato's exotic nilpotent cone in type C, proving that the closure ordering is the …
This paper deals with singularities of closures of $2$-nilpotent Borel conjugacy classes in either a $\text{GL}_n$-conjugacy class or in the nilpotent cone of $\text{GL}_n$. In the latter case we construct a resolution of singularities, in the former we show that singularities are rational by applying a result of M. Brion. We reason why this generalizes the result of N. Perrin and E. Smirnov on the rationality of singularities of Springer fiber components in the two-column case. In the case of Borel orbit closures being contained in orbital varieties, we give an alternative version of L. Fress…
We study in this paper the jet schemes of the closure of nilpotent orbits in a finite-dimensional complex reductive Lie algebra. For the nilpotent cone, which is the closure of the regular nilpotent orbit, all the jet schemes are irreducible. This was first observed by Eisenbud and Frenkel, and follows from a strong result of Mustautca (2001). Using induction and restriction of "little" nilpotent orbits in reductive Lie algebras, we show that for a large number of nilpotent orbits, the jet schemes of their closure are reducible. As a consequence, we obtain certain geometrical properties of the…
This short note is a supplement to the previous article with the same title. Here we treat a conical symplectic variety obtained as a finite covering of a (not necessarily normal) nilpotent orbit closure of a complex semisimple Lie algebra.
Let $G$ be the complex exceptional Lie group of type $G_2$. Among the five nilpotent orbits in its Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, only the 8-dimensional orbit $\mathcal{O}_8$ has non-normal orbit closure $\bar{\mathcal{O}_8}$. In this short note, we will give a quantization model of $\bar{\mathcal{O}_8}$, verifying a conjecture of Vogan in 1984.
We study closures of conjugacy classes in the symmetric matrices of the orthogonal group and we determine which one are normal varieties. In contrast to the result for the symplectic group where all classes have normal closure, there is only a relatively small portion of classes with normal closure. We perform a combinatorial computation on top of the same methods used by Kraft-Procesi and Ohta.
We continue the study of the closures of $GL(V)$-orbits in the enhanced nilpotent cone $V\times\cN$ begun by the first two authors. We prove that each closure is an invariant-theoretic quotient of a suitably-defined enhanced quiver variety. We conjecture, and prove in special cases, that these enhanced quiver varieties are normal complete intersections, implying that the enhanced nilpotent orbit closures are also normal.
The main aim of the paper is to present a~combinatorial algorithm that, applying Littlewood-Richardson tableaux with entries equal to $1$, computes generic extensions of semisimple invariant subspaces of nilpotent linear operators. Moreover, we discuss geometric properties of generic extensions and their connections with combinatorics.
In this note, we point out an error in the proof of Theorem 4.7 of [P. Achar and A.~Henderson, `Orbit closures in the enhanced nilpotent cone', Adv. Math. 219 (2008), 27-62], a statement about the existence of affine pavings for fibres of a certain resolution of singularities of an enhanced nilpotent orbit closure. We also give independent proofs of later results that depend on that statement, so all other results of that paper remain valid.
We develop an algorithm for computing the closure of a given nilpotent $G_0$-orbit in $\g_1$, where $\g_1$ and $G_0$ are coming from a $\Z$ or a $\Z/m\Z$-grading $\g= \bigoplus \g_i$ of a simple complex Lie algebra $\g$.
We prove that a conical symplectic variety with maximal weight 1 is isomorphic to one of the following: (i) an affine space with the standard symplectic form (ii) a nilpotent orbit closure of a complex semisimple Lie algebra with the Kirillov-Kostant form.
We study the regular function ring $R(\mathcal{O})$ for all symplectic nilpotent orbits $\mathcal{O}$ with even column sizes. We begin by recalling the quantization model for all such orbits by Barbasch using unipotent representations. With this model, we express the multiplicities of fundamental representations appearing in $R(\mathcal{O})$ by a parabolically induced module. Finally, we will use this formula to give a criterion on the normality of the Zariski closure $\bar{\mathcal{O}}$ of $\mathcal{O}$.
We prove that for a simply laced group, the closure of the Borel conjugacy class of any nilpotent element of height $2$ in its conjugacy class is normal and admits a rational resolution. We extend this, using Frobenius splitting techniques, to the closure in the whole Lie algebra if either the group has type $A$ or the element has rank $2$.
In this paper we describe geometry of orbits of upper triangular matrices of nilpotent order 2 under conjugation by the group of upper triangular invertible matrices in terms of link patterns. Further we apply this description to the computations of the closures of orbital varieties of nilpotent order 2 and intersections of components of a Springer fiber of nilpotent order 2. In particular we connect our results to the combinatorics of meanders and Temperley-Lieb algebras.
A nilpotent orbit $O$ of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ has finite fundamental group. Associated with an etale cover of $O$, we have a finite cover of the closure $\bar{O}$ of $O$. In this article we consider the finite cover X associated with the universal cover of a nilpotent orbit $O$ of a classical simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We construct explicitly a Q-factorial terminalization of X in a group theoretic way.
In this note we investigate the normality of closures of orthogonal and symplectic nilpotent orbits in positive characteristic. We prove that the closure of such a nilpotent orbit is normal provided that neither type d nor type e minimal irreducible degeneration occurs in the closure, and conversely if the closure is normal, then any type e minimal irreducible degeneration does not occur in it. Here, the minimal irreducible degenerations of a nilpotent orbit are introduced by W. Hesselink in [6] (or see [11] from which we take Table 1 for the complete list of all minimal irreducible degenerati…
Let $G$ be the symplectic group, $Φ=C_n$ its root system, $B\subset G$ its standard Borel subgroup, $W$ the Weyl group of $Φ$. To each involution $σ\in W$ one can assign the $B$-orbit $Ω_σ$ contained in the dual space of the Lie algebra of the unipotent radical of $B$. We prove that $Ω_σ$ is contained in the Zariski closure of $Ω_τ$ if and only of $σ\leqτ$ with respect to the Bruhat--Chevalley order. We also prove that $\dimΩ_σ$ is equal to $l(σ)$, the length of $σ$ in $W$.
This is an expository article on the singularities of nilpotent orbit closures in simple Lie algebras over the complex numbers. It is slanted towards aspects that are relevant for representation theory, including Maffei's theorem relating Slodowy slices to Nakajima quiver varieties in type A. There is one new observation: the results of Juteau and Mautner, combined with Maffei's theorem, give a geometric proof of a result on decomposition numbers of Schur algebras due to Fang, Henke and Koenig.
According to a well-known theorem of Brieskorn and Slodowy, the intersection of the nilpotent cone of a simple Lie algebra with a transverse slice to the subregular nilpotent orbit is a simple surface singularity. At the opposite extremity of the nilpotent cone, the closure of the minimal nilpotent orbit is also an isolated symplectic singularity, called a minimal singularity. For classical Lie algebras, Kraft and Procesi showed that these two types of singularities suffice to describe all generic singularities of nilpotent orbit closures: specifically, any such singularity is either a simple …
The intersection cohomologies of closures of nilpotent orbits of linear (respectively, cyclic) quivers are known to be described by Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for the symmetric group (respectively, the affine symmetric group). We explain how to simplify this description using a combinatorial cancellation procedure, and derive some consequences for representation theory.
This is a survey article prepared for the submission to "Handbook of moduli". The following topics are discussed: (i) Basic facts and examples of resolutions for nilpotent orbit (ii) Q-factorial terminalizations of nilpotent orbit closures and related birational geometry (iii) Poisson deformations of nilpotent orbit closures.
Let $O$ be a nilpotent orbit of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and let $π: X \to \bar{O}$ be the finite covering associated with the universal covering of $O$. In the previous article we have explicitly constructed a $\mathbf{Q}$-factorial terminalization $\tilde{X}$ of $X$ when $\mathfrak{g}$ is classical. In the present article, we count how many different $\mathbf{Q}$-factorial terminalizations $X$ has. We construct the universal Poisson deformation of $\tilde{X}$ over $H^2(\tilde{X}, \mathbf{C})$ and look at the action of the Weyl group $W(X)$ on $H^2(\tilde{X}, \mathbf{C}…
We give explicit formulas for torus-equivariant fundamental classes of closed $K$-orbits on the flag variety $G/B$ when $G$ is one of the classical groups $SL(n,\C)$, $SO(n,\C)$, or $Sp(2n,\C)$, and $K$ is a symmetric subgroup of $G$. We describe parametrizations of each orbit set and the combinatorics of its weak order, allowing us to compute formulas for the equivariant classes of all remaining orbit closures using divided difference operators. In each of the cases in type A, we realize the $K$-orbit closures as universal degeneracy loci of a certain type, involving a vector bundle $V$ over …
We present two methods for computing the rational singular locus of the closure of a nilpotent orbit in a complex semisimple Lie algebra and give a number of interesting examples.
For the classical groups, Kraft and Procesi have resolved the question of which nilpotent orbits have closures which are normal and which are not, with the exception of the very even orbits in $D_{2l}$ which have partition of the form $(a^{2k}, b^2)$ for $a, b$ distinct even natural numbers with $a k + b = 2 l$. In this article, we show that these orbits do have normal closure.
Motivated by geometric Langlands, we initiate a program to study the mirror symmetry between nilpotent orbit closures of a semisimple Lie algebra and those of its Langlands dual. The most interesting case is $B_n$ via $C_n$. Classically, there is a famous Springer duality between special orbits. Therefore, it is natural to speculate that the mirror symmetry we seek may coincide with Springer duality in the context of special orbits. Unfortunately, such a naive statement fails. To remedy the situation, we propose a conjecture which asserts the mirror symmetry for certain parabolic/induced cover…
In the case of complex symplectic and orthogonal groups, we find $(\mathfrak{g}, K)-$modules with the property that their $K-$structure matches the structure of regular functions on the closures of nilpotent orbits. This establishes a version of the Orbit Method of Kirrilov-Kostant-Souriau as proposed by Vogan. In the process we give another proof of the classification of nilpotent orbits with normal closure in the Lie algebra of a classical group first established by Kraft-Procesi.
We describe two new combinatorial algorithms (using the language of "triangular arrays") for computing the Fourier transforms of simple perverse sheaves on the moduli space of representations of an equioriented quiver of type A. (A rather different solution to this problem was previously obtained by Knight-Zelevinsky.) Along the way, we also show that the closure partial order and the dimensions of orbits have especially concise descriptions in the language of triangular arrays.
Given a classical semisimple complex algebraic group G and a symmetric pair (G, K) of non-Hermitian type, we study the closures of the spherical nilpotent K-orbits in the isotropy representation of K. For all such orbit closures, we study the normality and we describe the K-module structure of the ring of regular functions of the normalizations.
Let $G$ be a complex reductive group, $B$ be a Borel subgroup of G, $\nt$ be the Lie algebra of the unipotent radical of $B$, and $\nt^*$ be its dual space. Let $Φ$ be the root system of $G$, and $Φ^+$ be the set of positive roots with respect to $B$. A subset of $Φ^+$ is called a rook placement if it consists of roots with pairwise non-positive inner products. To each rook placement $D$ one can associate the coadjoint orbit $Ω_D$ of $B$ in $\nt^*$. By definition, $Ω_D$ is the orbit of $f_D$, where $f_D$ is the sum of root covectors corresponging to the roots from $D$. We find the dimension of…
We attach a Dixmier algebra B to the closure of any nilpotent orbit of G where G is GL(n,C), O(n,C) or Sp(2n,C). This algebra B is a noncommutative analog of the coordinate ring R of the orbit closure, in the sense that B has a G-invariant algebra filtration and gr B=R. We obtain B by making a noncommutative analog of the Kraft-Procesi construction which modeled the orbit closure as the algebraic symplectic reduction of a finite-dimensional symplectic vector space L. Indeed B is a subquotient of the Weyl algebra for L.
In this article, we construct a non-commutative crepant resolution (=NCCR) of a minimal nilpotent orbit closure $\overline{B(1)}$ of type A, and study relations between an NCCR and crepant resolutions $Y$ and $Y^+$ of $\overline{B(1)}$. More precisely, we show that the NCCR is isomorphic to the path algebra of the double Beilinson quiver with certain relations and we reconstruct the crepant resolutions $Y$ and $Y^+$ of $\overline{B(1)}$ as moduli spaces of representations of the quiver. We also study the Kawamata-Namikawa's derived equivalence between crepant resolutions $Y$ and $Y^+$ of $\ove…
We consider a reductive dual pair (G, G') in the stable range with G' the smaller member and of Hermitian symmetric type. We study the theta lifting of nilpotent K'_C-orbits, where K' is a maximal compact subgroup of G' and we describe the precise K_C-module structure of the regular function ring of the closure of the lifted nilpotent orbit of the symmetric pair (G, K). As an application, we prove sphericality and normality of the closure of certain nilpotent K_C-orbits obtained in this way. We also give integral formulas for their degrees.
We determine which nilpotent orbits in $E_6$ have normal closure and which do not. We also verify a conjecture about small representations in rings of functions on nilpotent orbit covers for type $E_6$.
We give a simple description of the closure of the nilpotent orbits appearing as associated varieties of admissible affine vertex algebras in terms of primitive ideals.
Given a classical semisimple complex algebraic group G and a symmetric pair (G,K) of Hermitian type, we study the closures of the spherical nilpotent K-orbits in the isotropy representation of K. We show that all such orbit closures are normal and describe the K-module structure of their ring of regular functions.
We prove that the local intersection cohomology of nilpotent orbit closures of cyclic quivers is trivial when the two orbits involved correspond to partitions with at most two rows. This gives a geometric proof of a result of Graham and Lehrer, which states that standard modules of the affine Hecke algebra of $GL_d$ corresponding to nilpotents with at most two Jordan blocks are multiplicity-free.
We survey the theory of local models of Shimura varieties. In particular, we discuss their definition and illustrate it by examples. We give an overview of the results on their geometry and combinatorics obtained in the last 15 years. We also exhibit their connections to other classes of algebraic varieties such as nilpotent orbit closures, affine Schubert varieties, quiver Grassmannians and wonderful completions of symmetric spaces.
We consider aspects of the relationship between nilpotent orbits in a semisimple real Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and those in its complexification $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{C}}$. In particular, we prove that two distinct real nilpotent orbits lying in the same complex orbit are incomparable in the closure order. Secondly, we characterize those $\mathfrak{g}$ having non-empty intersections with all nilpotent orbits in $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{C}}$. Finally, for $\mathfrak{g}$ quasi-split, we characterize those complex nilpotent orbits containing real ones.
In general, a nilpotent orbit closure in a complex simple Lie algebra \g, does not have a crepant resolution. But, it always has a Q-factorial terminalization by the minimal model program. According to B. Fu, a nilpotent orbit closure has a crepant resolution only when it is a Richardson orbit, and the resolution is obtained as a Springer map for it. In this paper, we shall generalize this result to Q-factorial terminalizations when \g$ is classical. Here, the induced orbits play an important role instead of Richardson orbits.
Let G be a real, connected, noncompact, semisimple Lie group, let K be a maximal compact subgroup of G, and let g=k+p be the corresponding Cartan decomposition of the complexified Lie algebra of G. Sequences of strongly orthogonal noncompact weights are constructed and classified for each real noncompact simple Lie group of classical type. We show that for each partial subsequence there is a corresponding family of K_C-orbits, ordered by inclusion and such that the representation of K on the ring of regular functions on the closure of the orbit is multiplicity-free. The K-types of regular func…
We prove that any finite W-algebra U(g,e) admits a one-dimensional representation fixed by the action of the component group of the centraliser of e. As a consequence, for any nilpotent orbit O in g there exists a multiplicity-free (and hence completely prime) primitive ideal of the universal enveloping algebra U(g) whose associated variety coincides with the Zariski closure of O.
Let n_n(C) be the algebra of strictly upper-triangular n x n matrices over the field of complex numbers and X_2 the subset of matrices of nilpotent order 2. Let B_n(C) be the group of invertible upper-triangular matrices acting on n_n(C) by conjugation. Let B(u) be the orbit of u in X_2 with respect to this action. Let S_n^2 be the subset of involutions in the symmetric group S_n. We define a new partial order on S_n^2 which gives the combinatorial description of the closure of B(u). We also construct an ideal I(B(u)) in symmetric algebra S(n_n(C)^* whose variety V(I(B(u))) equals the closure …
Let $B$ be the group of invertible upper-triangular complex $n\times n$ matrices, $\mathfrak{u}$ the space of upper-triangular complex matrices with zeroes on the diagonal and $\mathfrak{u}^*$ its dual space. The group $B$ acts on $\mathfrak{u}^*$ by $(g.f)(x)=f(gxg^{-1})$, $g\in B$, $f\in\mathfrak{u}^*$, $x\in\mathfrak{u}$. To each involution $σ$ in $S_n$, the symmetric group on $n$ letters, one can assign the $B$-orbit $Ω_σ\in\mathfrak{u}^*$. We present a combinatorial description of the partial order on the set of involutions induced by the orbit closures. The answer is given in terms of ro…
We consider the conjugation-action of an arbitrary upper-block parabolic subgroup of GL_n(C) on the variety of x-nilpotent complex matrices. We obtain a criterion as to whether the action admits a finite number of orbits and specify a system of representatives for the orbits in the finite case of 2-nilpotent matrices. Furthermore, we give a set-theoretic description of their closures and specify the minimal degenerations in detail for the action of the Borel subgroup. Concerning the action on the nilpotent cone, we obtain a generic normal form of the orbits which yields a U-normal form as well…
We consider a lifting of Joseph ideals for the minimal nilpotent orbit closure to the setting of affine Kac-Moody algebras and find new examples of affine vertex algebras whose associated varieties are minimal nilpotent orbit closures. As an application we obtain a new family of lisse ($C_2$-cofinite) W-algebras that are not coming from admissible representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras.
We consider the conjugation-action of an arbitrary upper-block parabolic subgroup of ${\rm GL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ on the variety of $x$-nilpotent complex matrices and translate it to a representation-theoretic context. We obtain a criterion as to whether the action admits a finite number of orbits and specify a system of representatives for the orbits in the finite case of $2$-nilpotent matrices. Furthermore, we give a set-theoretic description of their closures and specify the minimal degenerations in detail for the action of the Borel subgroup. We show that in all non-finite cases, the correspon…
We consider finite W-algebras U(g,e) associated to even multiplicity nilpotent elements in classical Lie algebras. We give a classification of finite dimensional irreducible U(g,e)-modules with integral central character in terms of the highest weight theory for finite W-algebras. As a corollary, we obtain a parametrization of primitive ideals of U(g) with associated variety the closure of the adjoint orbit of e and integral central character.
We will use the combinatorics of the $G$-stable pieces to describe the closure relation of the partition of partial flag varieties in \cite[section 4]{L3}.
