In this note we construct measures of maximal entropy for a certain class of maps with critical points called Viana maps. The main ingredients of the proof are the non-uniform expansion features and the slow recurrence (to the critical set) of generic points with respect to the natural candidates for attaining the topological entropy.
We consider two examples of Viana maps for which the base dynamics has singularities (discontinuities or critical points) and show the existence of a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure and related ergodic properties such as stretched exponential decay of correlations and stretched exponential large deviations.
We study quadratic skew-products with parameters driven over piecewise expanding and Markov interval maps with countable many inverse branches, a generalization of the class of maps introduced by Viana. In particular we construct a class of multidimensional non-uniformly expanding attractors that exhibit both critical points and discontinuities and prove existence and uniqueness of an SRB measure with stretched-exponential decay of correlations, stretched-exponential large deviations and satisfying some limit laws. Moreover, generically such maps admit the coexistence of a dense subset of poin…
Devaney and Krych showed that for the exponential family $λe^z$, where $0<λ<1/e$, the Julia set consists of uncountably many pairwise disjoint simple curves tending to $\infty$. Viana proved that these curves are smooth. In this article we consider a quasiregular counterpart of the exponential map, the so-called Zorich maps, and generalize Viana's result to these maps.
Criteria for the simplicity of the Lyapunov spectra of linear cocycles have been found by Furstenberg, Guivarc'h-Raugi, Gol'dsheid-Margulis and, more recently, Bonatti-Viana and Avila-Viana. In all the cases, the authors consider cocycles over hyperbolic systems, such as shift maps or Axiom A diffeomorphisms. In this paper we propose to extend such criteria to situations where the base map is just partially hyperbolic. This raises several new issues concerning, among others, the recurrence of the holonomy maps and the (lack of) continuity of the Rokhlin disintegrations of $u$-states. Our main …
We consider random perturbations of discrete-time dynamical systems. We give sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of certain classes of maps, in a strong sense. This improves the main result in J. F. Alves, V. Araujo, Random perturbations of non-uniformly expanding maps, Asterisque 286 (2003), 25--62, where it was proved the convergence of the stationary measures of the random process to the SRB measure of the initial system in the weak* topology. Here, under slightly weaker assumptions on the random perturbations, we obtain a stronger version of stochastic stability: convergence…
Avila and Viana exhibit an explicit sufficient condition for the Lyapunov exponents of a linear cocycle over a Markov map to have multiplicity 1. Here, in terms of geometric perturbations, we prove that this sufficient criterion is generic in the space of all fiber bunched linear cocycles over Markov maps: the set of exceptional cocycles has infinite codimention, i.e. it is locally contained in finite unions of closed submanifolds with arbitrarily high codimension.
We consider classes of dynamical systems admitting Markov induced maps. Under general assumptions, which in particular guarantee the existence of SRB measures, we prove that the entropy of the SRB measure varies continuously with the dynamics. We apply our result to a vast class of non-uniformly expanding maps of a compact manifold and prove the continuity of the entropy of the SRB measure. In particular, we show that the SRB entropy of Viana maps varies continuously with the map.
We establish bounds for the measure of deviation sets associated to continuous observables with respect to not necessarily invariant weak Gibbs measures. Under some mild assumptions, we obtain upper and lower bounds for the measure of deviation sets of some non-uniformly expanding maps, including quadratic maps and robust multidimensional non-uniformly expanding local diffeomorphisms. For that purpose, a measure theoretical weak form of specification is introduced and proved to hold for the robust classes of multidimensional nonuniformly expanding local diffeomorphisms and Viana maps.
We construct Markov partitions for non-invertible and/or singular nonuniformly hyperbolic systems defined on higher dimensional Riemannian manifolds. The generality of the setup covers classical examples not treated so far, such as geodesic flows in closed manifolds, multidimensional billiard maps, and Viana maps, and includes all the recent results of the literature. We also provide a wealth of applications.
It was proven by Ures that $C^1$ diffeomorphism on three dimensional torus that is derived from Anosov admits a unique maximal measure. Here we show that the maximal measure has exponential decay of correlations for Hölder observables, assuming the middle eigenvalue of the linear Anosov model is contracting.
We construct measures of maximal $u$-entropy for any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism that factors over an Anosov torus automorphism and has mostly contracting center direction. The space of such measures has a finite dimension, and its extreme points are ergodic measures with pairwise disjoint supports.
We construct a $C^r$ transformation of the interval (or the torus) which is topologically mixing but has no invariant measure of maximal entropy. Whereas the assumption of $C^{\infty}$ ensures existence of maximal measures for an interval map, it shows we cannot weaken the smoothness assumption. We also compute the local entropy of the example.
Compact locally maximal hyperbolic sets are studied via geometrically defined functional spaces that take advantage of the smoothness of the map in a neighborhood of the hyperbolic set. This provides a self-contained theory that not only reproduces all the known classical results but gives also new insights on the statistical properties of these systems.
We provide a natural canonical decomposition of postcritically finite rational maps with non-empty Fatou sets based on the topological structure of their Julia sets. The building blocks of this decomposition are maps where all Fatou components are Jordan disks with disjoint closures (Sierpiński maps), as well as those where any two Fatou components can be connected through a countable chain of Fatou components with common boundary points (crochet or Newton-like maps). We provide several alternative characterizations for our decomposition, as well as an algorithm for its effective computation. …
We show that time-one maps of transitive Anosov flows of compact manifolds are accumulated by diffeomorphisms robustly satisfying the following dichotomy: either all of the measures of maximal entropy are non-hyperbolic, or there are exactly two ergodic measures of maximal entropy, one with a positive central exponent and the other with a negative central exponent. We establish this dichotomy for certain partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms isotopic to the identity whenever both of their strong foliations are minimal. Our proof builds on the approach developed by Margulis for Anosov flows wher…
We introduce two parametrized families of piecewise affine maps on $[0,1]^2$ and $[0,1]^3$, as generalizations of the heterochaos baker maps which were introduced and investigated in [Y. Saiki, H. Takahasi, J. A. Yorke, Nonlinearity, 34 (2021), 5744--5761] as minimal models of the unstable dimension variability in multidimensional dynamical systems. We show that natural coding spaces of these maps coincide with the Dyck system that has come from the theory of languages. Based on this coincidence, we start to develop a complementary analysis on their invariant measures. As a first attempt, we s…
We give a new type of sufficient condition for the existence of measures with maximal entropy for an interval map $f$, using some non-uniform hyperbolicity to compensate for a lack of smoothness of $f$. More precisely, if the topological entropy of a $C^1$ interval map is greater than the sum of the local entropy and the entropy of the critical points, then there exists at least one measure with maximal entropy. As a corollary, we obtain that any $C^r$ interval map $f$ such that $h_{\rm top}(f)>2\log\|f'\|_{\infty}/r$ possesses measures with maximal entropy.
For a class of piecewise hyperbolic maps in two dimensions, we propose a combinatorial definition of topological entropy by counting the maximal, open, connected components of the phase space on which iterates of the map are smooth. We prove that this quantity dominates the measure theoretic entropies of all invariant probability measures of the system, and then construct an invariant measure whose entropy equals the proposed topological entropy. We prove that our measure is the unique measure of maximal entropy, that it is ergodic, gives positive measure to every open set, and has exponential…
Livšic theorem asserts that, for Anosov diffeomorphisms/flows, a Lipschitz observable is a coboundary if all its Birkhoff sums on every periodic orbits are equal to zero. The transfer function is then Lipschitz. We prove a positive Livšic theorem which asserts that a Lipschitz observable is bounded from below by a coboundary if and only if all its Birkhoff sums on periodic orbits are non negative. The new result is that the coboundary can be chosen Lipschitz. The map is only assumed to be $C^1$ and hyperbolic, but not necessarily bijective nor transitive. We actually prove our main result in t…
We consider the map $T_{α,β}(x):= βx + α\mod 1$, which admits a unique probability measure of maximal entropy $μ_{α,β}$. For $x \in [0,1]$, we show that the orbit of $x$ is $μ_{α,β}$-normal for almost all $(α,β)\in[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$ (Lebesgue measure). Nevertheless we construct analytic curves in $[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$ along them the orbit of $x=0$ is at most at one point $μ_{α,β}$-normal. These curves are disjoint and they fill the set $[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$. We also study the generalized $β$-maps (in particular the tent map). We show that the critical orbit $x=1$ is normal with respect…
We construct equilibrium states, including measures of maximal entropy, for a large (open) class of non-uniformly expanding maps on compact manifolds. Moreover, we study uniqueness of these equilibrium states, as well as some of their ergodic properties.
We consider the real dynamics of a two parameter family of plane birational maps, focusing especially on an open subset of parameter space on which the real and complex dynamics are in close agreement. On the complex side, we find a rational complex surface to which the maps extend in a well-defined fashion and then calculate the induced action on the Picard group of the surface. On the real side, we use the critical sets of the maps to produce a combinatorial model for the dynamics. By comparing the two points of view, we are able to code points in the real non-wandering set, describe the beh…
We studied topological and metric properties of the so-called interval translation maps (ITMs). For these maps, we introduced the maximal invariant measure and study its properties. Further, we study how the invariant measures depend on the parameters of the system. These results were illustrated by a simple example or a risk management model where interval translation maps appear~naturally.
We characterize two of the most studied non-uniform hyperbolicity conditions for rational maps, semi-hyperbolicity and the topological Collet-Eckmann condition, in terms of the maximal entropy measure. Using the same tools in the proof of these results we give an extension of a result of Carleson, Jones and Yoccoz, that semi-hyperbolicity characterizes those polynomial maps whose basin of attraction of infinity is a John domain, to rational maps having a completely invariant attracting basin.
We show that expanding toral endomorphisms, together with their respective Lebesgue measure are isomorphic to 1-sided Bernoulli shifts. This result is then extended to smooth perturbations of expanding toral endomorphisms, together with their respective measures of maximal entropy. Also we study group extensions of expanding toral endomorphisms and show that under certain, not too restrictive conditions on the extension cocycle, these skew products are 1-sided Bernoulli as well.
Let f be a dominant rational map of P^k such that there exists s <k, with lambda_s(f)>lambda_l(f) for all l. Under mild hypotheses, we show that, for A outside a pluripolar set of the group of automorphisms of P^k, the map f o A admits a hyperbolic measure of maximal entropy log(lambda_s(f)) with explicit bounds on the Lyapunov exponents. In particular, the result is true for polynomial maps hence for the homogeneous extension of f to P^{k+1}. This provides many examples where non uniform hyperbolic dynamics is established. One of the key tools is to approximate the graph of a meromorphic func…
We study the dynamics of meromorphic maps for a compact Kaehler manifold X. More precisely, we give a simple criterion that allows us to produce a measure of maximal entropy. We can apply this result to bound the Lyapunov exponents. Then, we study the particular case of a family of generic birational maps of P^k for which we construct the Green currents and the equilibrium measure. We use for that the theory of super-potentials. We show that the measure is mixing and gives no mass to pluripolar sets. Using the criterion we get that the measure is of maximal entropy. It implies finally that the…
In this paper we investigate the support of the unique measure of maximal entropy of complex Henon maps, J^*. The main question is whether this set is the same as the analogue of the Julia set, J.
The Chirikov standard map and the 2D Froeschlé map are investigated. A few thousand values of the Hurst exponent (HE) and the maximal Lyapunov exponent (mLE) are plotted in a mixed space of the nonlinear parameter versus the initial condition. Both characteristic exponents reveal remarkably similar structures in this space. A tight correlation between the HEs and mLEs is found, with the Spearman rank $ρ=0.83$ and $ρ=0.75$ for the Chirikov and 2D Froeschlé maps, respectively. Based on this relation, a machine learning (ML) procedure, using the nearest neighbor algorithm, is performed to reprodu…