14 pages, 15 Postscript figures, 3 pictex figures; not to be published; the June 2012 update fixes the annoying spelling error in the title and nothing else
Let M_{g,n} be the moduli space of stable genus g curves with n marked points. M_{g,n} has boundary strata consisting of nodal curves. The fundamental classes of these boundary strata may be linearly dependent in the Chow group A_*(M_{g,n}). Relations among these boundary strata can be found by exploiting a localization trick involving stable maps to P^1. This note explains this trick and applies it to give a new derivation of Getzler's relation among codimension 2 boundary strata in M_{1,4}.
We present several recent developments on ELSV-type formulae and topological recursion concerning Chiodo classes and several kind of Hurwitz numbers. The main results appeared in D. Lewanski, A. Popolitov, S. Shadrin, D. Zvonkine, "Chiodo formulas for the r-th roots and topological recursion", Lett. Math. Phys. (2016).
In this paper, we give a new genus-4 topological recursion relation for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds via Pixton's relations on the moduli space of curves. As an application, we prove Pixton's relations imply a known topological recursion relation on $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,1}$ for genus $g\leq4$.
We state and prove a topological recursion relation that expresses any genus-g Gromov-Witten invariant of a projective manifold with at least a (3g-1)-st power of a cotangent line class in terms of invariants with fewer cotangent line classes. For projective spaces, we prove that these relations together with the Virasoro conditions are sufficient to calculate the full Gromov-Witten potential. This gives the first computationally feasible way to determine the higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants of projective spaces.
The purpose of this paper is to give a twisted version of the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion by a 2D Topological Quantum Field Theory. We define a kernel for a 2D TQFT and use an algebraic definition for a topological recursion to define how to twist a standard topological recursion by a 2D TQFT. The A-model side enumerative problem consists of counting cell graphs where in addition vertices are decorated by elements in a Frobenius algebra, and which are a twisted version of the generalized Catalan numbers of Dumitrescu-Mulase-Safnuk-Sorkin. We show that the function which counts these d…
We present a higher genus generalization of $bc$-Motzkin numbers, which are themselves a generalization of Catalan numbers, and we derive a recursive formula which can be used to calculate them. Further, we show that this leads to a topological recursion which is identical to the topological recursion that had previously been proved by Dumitrescu and Mulase for generalized Catalan numbers, and which is an example of the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion.
We derive a Bouchard--Eynard type topological recursion for the total descendant potential of $A_N$-singularity. Our argument relies on a certain twisted representation of a Heisenberg Vertex Operator Algebra (VOA) constructed via the periods of $A_N$-singularity. In particular, our approach allows us to prove that the topological recursion for the total descendant potential is equivalent to a certain generating set of $\mathcal{W}$-algebra constraints.
Simple boundary expressions for the k-th power of the cotangent line class on the moduli space of stable 1-pointed genus g curves are found for k >= 2g. The method is by virtual localization on the moduli space of maps to the projective line. As a consequence, nontrivial tautological classes in the kernel of the push-forward map associated to the irreducible boundary divisor of the moduli space of stable g+1 curves are constructed. The geometry of genus g+1 curves then provides universal equations in genus g Gromov-Witten theory. As an application, we prove all the Gromov-Witten identities con…
Following a question of K. Hori at K. Fukaya's 60th birthday conference, we relate the recently established WDVV-type relations for real Gromov-Witten invariants to topological recursion relations in a real setting. We also describe precisely the connections between the relations themselves previously observed by A. Alcolado.
We construct topological recursion relations (TRR's) at higher genera $g\ge2$ for general 2-dimensional topological field theories coupled to gravity. These TRR's when combined with Virasoro conditions enable one to determine the number of higher genus holomorphic curves in any Fano varieties. In the case of $CP^2$ we reproduce the known results at genus $g=2$.
In this paper, we give a new genus-3 topological recursion relation for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. This formula also applies to intersection numbers on moduli spaces of spin curves. A by-product of the proof of this formula is a new relation in the tautological ring of the moduli space of 1-pointed genus-3 stable curves.
In Part 1 of this paper, we study gravitational descendents of Gromov-Witten invariants for general projective manifolds, applying the Behrend-Fantechi construction of the virtual fundamental classes. In Part 2, we calculate the topological recursion relations in genus 2. There are two of these, one for the second descendent of a field, and one for the first descendents of two fields. The proof uses the results of Part 1 together with a thorough study of intersection theory on the moduli space $\bar{M}_{2,2}$.
Kontsevich-Soibelman (2017) reformulated Eynard-Orantin topological recursion (2007) in terms of Airy structure which provides some geometrical insights into the relationship between the moduli space of curves and topological recursion. In this work, we investigate the analytical approach to this relationship using the Seiberg-Witten family of curves as the main example. In particular, we are going to show that the formula computing the Hitchin systems' Special Kahler's prepotential from the genus zero part of topological recursion as obtained by Baraglia-Huang (2017) can be generalized for a …
This is a survey article describing the relationship between quantum curves and topological recursion. A quantum curve is a Schrödinger operator-like noncommutative analogue of a plane curve which encodes (quantum) enumerative invariants in a new and interesting way. The Schrödinger operator annihilates a wave function which can be constructed using the WKB method, and conjecturally constructed in a rather different way via topological recursion.
We analyze Chiodo's formulas for the Chern classes related to the r-th roots of the suitably twisted integer powers of the canonical class on the moduli space of curves. The intersection numbers of these classes with psi-classes are reproduced via the Chekhov-Eynard-Orantin topological recursion. As an application, we prove that the Johnson-Pandharipande-Tseng formula for the orbifold Hurwitz numbers is equivalent to the topological recursion for the orbifold Hurwitz numbers. In particular, this gives a new proof of the topological recursion for the orbifold Hurwitz numbers.
We prove a Givental type decomposition for partition functions that arise out of topological recursion applied to spectral curves. Copies of the Konstevich-Witten KdV tau function arise out of regular spectral curves and copies of the Brezin-Gross-Witten KdV tau function arise out of irregular spectral curves. We present the example of this decomposition for the matrix model with two hard edges and spectral curve $(x^2-4)y^2=1$
We present a topological recursion formula for calculating the intersection numbers defined on the moduli space of open Riemann surfaces. The spectral curve is $x = \frac{1}{2}y^2$, the same as spectral curve used to calculate intersection numbers for closed Riemann surfaces, but the formula itself is a variation of the usual Eynard-Orantin recursion. It looks like the recursion formula used for spectral curves of degree 3, and also includes features present in $β$-deformed models. The recursion formula suggests a conjectural refinement to the generating function that allows for distinguishing…
In this paper we prove a mirror symmetry conjecture based on the work of Brini-Eynard-Mariño \cite{BEM} and Diaconescu-Shende-Vafa \cite{DSV}. This conjecture relates open Gromov-Witten invariants of the conifold transition of a torus knot to the topological recursion on the B-model spectral curve.
A geometric quantization using the topological recursion is established for the compactified cotangent bundle of a smooth projective curve of an arbitrary genus. In this quantization, the Hitchin spectral curve of a rank $2$ meromorphic Higgs bundle on the base curve corresponds to a quantum curve, which is a Rees $D$-module on the base. The topological recursion then gives an all-order asymptotic expansion of its solution, thus determining a state vector corresponding to the spectral curve as a meromorphic Lagrangian. We establish a generalization of the topological recursion for a singular s…
We show that the Poincare polynomial associated with the orbifold cell decomposition of the moduli space of smooth algebraic curves with distinct marked points satisfies a topological recursion formula of the Eynard-Orantin type. The recursion uniquely determines the Poincare polynomials from the initial data. Our key discovery is that the Poincare polynomial is the Laplace transform of the number of Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants.
The second author and Norbury initiated the enumeration of lattice points in the Deligne-Mumford compactifications of moduli spaces of curves. They showed that the enumeration may be expressed in terms of polynomials, whose top and bottom degree coefficients store psi-class intersection numbers and orbifold Euler characteristics of $\overline{\mathcal M}_{g,n}$, respectively. Furthermore, they ask whether the enumeration is governed by the topological recursion and whether the intermediate coefficients also store algebro-geometric information. In this paper, we prove that the enumeration does …
We investigate the special Kähler geometry of the base of the Hitchin integrable system in terms of spectral curves and topological recursion. The Taylor expansion of the special Kähler metric about any point in the base may be computed by integrating the $g = 0$ Eynard-Orantin invariants of the corresponding spectral curve over cycles. In particular, we show that the Donagi-Markman cubic is computed by the invariant $W^{(0)}_3$. We use topological recursion to go one step beyond this and compute the symmetric quartic of second derivatives of the period matrix.
We prove that topological recursion applied to the spectral curve of colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots reproduces the n-point functions of a particular partition function called the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function. This generalizes and refines the results of Brini-Eynard-Marino and Borot-Eynard-Orantin. We also discuss how the statement of spectral curve topological recursion in this case fits into the program of Alexandrov-Chapuy-Eynard-Harnad of establishing the topological recursion for general weighted double Hurwitz numbers partition functions (a.k.a. KP tau-functions o…
We study the constant contributions to the free energies obtained through the topological recursion applied to the complex curves mirror to toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. We show that the recursion reproduces precisely the corresponding Gromov-Witten invariants, which can be encoded in powers of the MacMahon function. As a result, we extend the scope of the "remodeling conjecture" to the full free energies, including the constant contributions. In the process we study how the pair of pants decomposition of the mirror curves plays an important role in the topological recursion. We also show that …
We construct locally defined symplectic torus actions on ribbon graph complexes. Symplectic reduction techniques allow for a recursive formula for the symplectic volumes of these spaces. Taking the Laplace transform results in the Eynard-Orantin recursion formulas for the Airy curve x = y^2 / 2.
We give an Eynard-Orantin type topological recursion formula for the canonical Euclidean volume of the combinatorial moduli space of pointed smooth algebraic curves. The recursion comes from the edge removal operation on the space of ribbon graphs. As an application we obtain a new proof of the Kontsevich constants for the ratio of the Euclidean and the symplectic volumes of the moduli space of curves.
We identify the Givental formula for the ancestor formal Gromov-Witten potential with a version of the topological recursion procedure for a collection of isolated local germs of the spectral curve. As an application we prove a conjecture of Norbury and Scott on the reconstruction of the stationary sector of the Gromov-Witten potential of $\CP1$ via a particular spectral curve.
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University（北京大学数学科学学院）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University（清华大学数学科学系）
GW/DT invariants and 5D BPS indices for strips from topological recursion
IHES（高等科学研究所）；University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；Université Jean Monnet（让·莫内大学）；Institut Camille Jordan UMR 5208（卡米耶·若尔当研究所）；Institut Universitaire de France（法兰西学院）
The paper aims at giving an introduction to the notion of quantum curves. The main purpose is to describe the new discovery of the relation between the following two disparate subjects: one is the topological recursion, that has its origin in random matrix theory and has been effectively applied to many enumerative geometry problems; and the other is the quantization of Hitchin spectral curves associated with Higgs bundles. Our emphasis is on explaining the motivation and examples. Concrete examples of the direct relation between Hitchin spectral curves and enumeration problems are given. A ge…
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin（柏林洪堡大学）；University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学）；Max Planck Institut für Mathematik（马克斯·普朗克数学研究所）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Università di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）
In this paper, we discuss the properties of the generating functions of spin Hurwitz numbers. In particular, for spin Hurwitz numbers with arbitrary ramification profiles, we construct the weighed sums which are given by Orlov's hypergeometric solutions of the 2-component BKP hierarchy. We derive the closed algebraic formulas for the correlation functions associated with these tau-functions, and under reasonable analytical assumptions we prove the loop equations (the blobbed topological recursion). Finally, we prove a version of topological recursion for the spin Hurwitz numbers with the spin …
We prove that the topological recursion reconstructs the WKB expansion of a quantum curve for all spectral curves whose Newton polygons have no interior point (and that are smooth as affine curves). This includes nearly all previously known cases in the literature, and many more; in particular, it includes many quantum curves of order greater than two. We also explore the connection between the choice of ordering in the quantization of the spectral curve and the choice of integration divisor to reconstruct the WKB expansion.
We propose a new approach to the topological recursion of Eynard-Orantin based on the notion of Airy structure, which we introduce in the paper. We explain why Airy structure is a more fundamental object than the one of the spectral curve. We explain how the concept of quantization of Airy structure leads naturally to the formulas of topological recursion as well as their generalizations. The notion of spectral curve is also considered in a more general framework of Poisson surfaces endowed with foliation. We explain how the deformation theory of spectral curves is related to Airy structures. …
In this paper, we give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying new relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of 2-pointed genus-3 stable curves. A byproduct of our search for genus-3 equations is a new genus-2 universal equation for Gromov-Witten invariants.
The paper is devoted to the open topological recursion relations in genus 1, which are partial differential equations that conjecturally control open Gromov-Witten invariants in genus 1. We find an explicit formula for any solution analogous to the Dijkgraaf-Witten formula for a descendent Gromov-Witten potential in genus 1. We then prove that at the approximation up to genus 1 the exponent of an open descendent potential satisfies a system of explicitly constructed linear evolutionary PDEs with one spatial variable.
Any topological recursion on a rational spectral curve is KP integrable
Center for Geometry and Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院几何物理中心）；University of Haifa（海法大学）；HSE University（高等经济学院）；Skoltech（斯科尔科沃科学技术学院）；NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – ITEP（库尔恰托夫研究所国家研究中心-理论物理与实验物理研究所）；Igor Krichever Center for Advanced Studies, Skoltech（斯科尔科沃伊戈尔克里切弗高级研究中心）；Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科特韦格-德弗里斯数学研究所）
Single Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched covers of the Riemann sphere with specified genus, prescribed ramification over infinity, and simple branching elsewhere. They exhibit a remarkably rich structure. In particular, they arise as intersection numbers on moduli spaces of curves and are governed by the topological recursion of Chekhov, Eynard and Orantin. Double Hurwitz numbers are defined analogously, but with prescribed ramification over both zero and infinity. Goulden, Jackson and Vakil have conjectured that double Hurwitz numbers also arise as intersection numbers on moduli spaces. In t…
We introduce a new method of calculating intersections on \bar{M}_{g,n}, using localization of equivariant cohomology. As an application, we give a proof of Mirzakhani's recursion relation for calculating intersections of mixed psi and kappa_1 classes.
