We write spectral decomposition of the hypergeometric differential operator on the contour $Re z=1/2$ (multiplicity of spectrum is 2). As a result, we obtain an integral transform that differs from the Jacobi (or Olevsky) transform. We also try to do a step towards vector-valued special functions and construct a 3F2 orthogonal basis in the space of functions having values in 2-dimensional space. This basis is lying in an analytic continuation of continuous dual Hahn polynomials with respect to number $n$ of a polynomial.
In Addendum, we discuss a vector-value analog of the Meixner--Pollachek orthogonal system and also perturbations of Laguerre, Meixner, and
Jacobi polynomials.
A problem of determining zeroes of the Gauss hypergeometric function goes back to Klein, Hurwitz, and Van Vleck. In this very short note we show how ratios of hypergeometric functions arise as m-functions of Jacobi matrices and we then revisit the problem based on the recent developments of the spectral theory of non-Hermitian Jacobi matrices.
We give an analogy of Jacobi's formula, which relates the hypergeometric function with parameters $(1/4,1/4,1)$ and theta constants. By using this analogy and twice formulas of theta constants, we obtain a transformation formula for this hypergeometric function. As its application, we express the limit of a pair of sequences defined by a mean iteration by this hypergeometric function.
As a contribution to the Ramanujan theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases, Li-Chien Shen has shown how analogues of the Jacobian elliptic functions may be derived from incomplete hypergeometric integrals in signatures three and four. We determine precisely the signatures in which the Jacobian analogues or their squares are indeed elliptic.
The algebraic underpinning of the tridiagonalization procedure is investigated. The focus is put on the tridiagonalization of the hypergeometric operator and its associated quadratic Jacobi algebra. It is shown that under tridiagonalization, the quadratic Jacobi algebra becomes the quadratic Racah-Wilson algebra associated to the generic Racah/Wilson polynomials. A degenerate case leading to the Hahn algebra is also discussed.
We derive formulas for the construction of all inequivalent Jacobian elliptic fibrations on the Kummer surface of two non-isogeneous elliptic curves from extremal rational elliptic surfaces by rational base transformations and quadratic twists. We then show that each such decomposition yields a description of the Picard-Fuchs system satisfied by the periods of the holomorphic two-form as either a tensor product of two Gauss' hypergeometric differential equations, an Appell hypergeometric system, or a GKZ differential system. As the answer must be independent of the fibration used, identities r…
Matrix-valued analogues of the little q-Jacobi polynomials are introduced and studied. For the 2x2-matrix-valued little q-Jacobi polynomials explicit expressions for the orthogonality relations, Rodrigues formula, three-term recurrence relation and their relation to matrix-valued q-hypergeometric series and the scalar-valued little q-Jacobi polynomials are presented. The study is based on a matrix-valued q-difference operator, which is a q-analogue of Tirao's matrix-valued hypergeometric differential operator.
We first show how one can obtain Al-Salam--Chihara polynomials, continuous dual $q$-Hahn polynomials, and Askey--Wilson polynomials from the little $q$-Laguerre and the little $q$-Jacobi polynomials by using special transformations. This procedure is then extended to obtain multiple Askey--Wilson, multiple continuous dual $q$-Hahn, and multiple Al-Salam--Chihara polynomials from the multiple little $q$-Laguerre and the multiple little $q$-Jacobi polynomials.
We give a new method to prove in a uniform and easy way various transformation formulas for Gauss hypergeometric functions. The key is Jacobi's canonical form of the hypergeometric differential equation. Analogy for $q$-hypergeometric functions is also studied.
We present a method to obtain weight functions associated with linear and quadratic lattices that yield discrete orthogonality with respect to a quasi-definite moment functional of the orthogonal polynomial sequences in the Askey scheme, with the exception of the Jacobi, Bessel, Laguerre, and Hermite polynomials.
In the lecture notes we start off with an introduction to the $q$-hypergeometric series, or basic hypergeometric series, and we derive some elementary summation and transformation results. Then the $q$-hypergeometric difference equation is studied, and in particular we study solutions given in terms of power series at $0$ and at $\infty$. Factorisations of the corresponding operator are considered in terms of a lowering operator, which is the $q$-derivative, and the related raising operator. Next we consider the $q$-hypergeometric operator in a special case, and we show that there is a natural…
We use Andrews' $q$-analogues of Watson's and Whipple's $_3F_2$ summation theorems to deduce two formulas for products of specific basic hypergeometric functions. These constitute $q$-analogues of corresponding product formulas for ordinary hypergeometric functions given by Bailey. The first formula was obtained earlier by Jain and Srivastava by a different method.
By considering Schwarz's map for the hypergeometric differential equation with parameters $(a,b,c)=(1/6,1/2,1)$ or $(1/12,5/12,1)$, we give some analogies of Jacobi's formula $\vartheta_{00}(τ)^2= F(1/2,1/2,1;λ(τ))$, where $\vartheta_{00}(τ)$ and $λ(τ)$ are the theta constant and the lambda function defined on the upper-half plane, and $F(a,b,c;z)$ is the hypergeometric series defined on the unit disk. As applications of our formulas, we give several functional equations for $F(a,b,c;z)$.
The aim of this paper is to apply generalized operators of fractional integration and differentiation involving Appell's function $F_{3}(:)$ due to Marichev-Saigo-Maeda (MSM), to the Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials. The results are expressed in terms of generalized hypergeometric function. Some of the interesting special cases of the main results also established.
这是指数超几何变换的简要概述（该积分算子的其他术语是：Olevskii变换，Jacobi变换，广义Mehler-Fock变换）。讨论了这种变换在特殊函数和调和分析中的应用。本文是G. E. Andrews、R.Askey和R.Roy所著《特殊函数》（Encycl. of Math.Appl.71）一书俄文版的附录，剑桥大学出版社，1999年。
Discrete analogs of the classical Fourier-Jacobi transform are introduced and investigated. It involves series and integrals with respect to parameters of the Gauss hypergeometric function ${}_2F_1(a+in/2,a-in/2;\ c; -x^2 ), \ x >0, n \in \mathbb{N}, a,c > 0, i $ is the imaginary unit. The corresponding inversion formulas for suitable functions and sequences in terms of these series and integrals are established.
We study the divergent basic hypergeometric series which is a $q$-analog of divergent hypergeometric series. This series formally satisfies the linear $q$-difference equation. In this paper, for that equation, we give an actual solution which admits basic hypergeometric series as a $q$-Gevrey asymptotic expansion. Such an actual solution is obtained by using $q$-Borel summability, which is a $q$-analog of Borel summability. Our result shows a $q$-analog of the Stokes phenomenon. Additionally, we show that letting $q\to1$ in our result gives the Borel sum of classical hypergeometric series. The…
A new set of multiple orthogonal polynomials of both type I and type II with respect to two weight functions involving Gauss' hypergeometric function on the interval $(0,1)$ is studied. This type of polynomials have direct applications in the investigation of singular values of products of Ginibre matrices, in the analysis of rational solutions to Painlevé equations and are connected with branched continued fractions and total positivity problems in combinatorics. The pair of orthogonality measures is shown to be a Nikishin system and to satisfy a matrix Pearson-type differential equation. The…
Szmytkowski derived a certain integral with Gegenbauer polynomials. A natural generalization is to derive lookalike integrals with Jacobi polynomials. Six methods are treated to derive the first integral. The first method should be enough to prove the first integral, but by the other methods there arises remarkable formula such as par example a zero-balanced F3 Appell function which can be converted into a 2F1 hypergeometric function. Another three integrals complete the paper.
The recently found hypergeometric multiple orthogonal polynomials on the step-line by Lima and Loureiro are shown to be random walk polynomials. It is proven that the corresponding Jacobi matrix and its transpose, which are nonnegative matrices and describe higher recurrence relations, can be normalized to two stochastic matrices, dual to each other. Using the Christoffel-Darboux formula on the step-line and the Poincaré theory for non-homogeneous recurrence relations it is proven that both stochastic matrices are related by transposition in the large $n$ limit. These random walks are beyond b…
We derive a novel integral representations of Jacobi polynomials in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric function. Such representation is then used to give the explicit integral representation for the Heat kernel on the quantized Riemann sphere.
Explicit expressions for the Hahn multiple polynomials of type I, in terms of Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric series, are given. Orthogonal and biorthogonal relations are proven. Then, part of the Askey scheme for multiple orthogonal polynomials type I is completed. In particular, explicit expressions in terms of generalized hypergeometric series and Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric series, are given for the multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I for the Jacobi-Piñeiro, Meixner I, Meixner II, Kravchuk, Laguerre I, Laguerre II and Charlier families.
Representation of analytic functions as convergent series in Jacobi polynomials $P_n^{(a,b)}$ is reformulated using a unified approach for almost all complex $a, b$. The coefficients of the series are given as usual integrals in the classical case (when $\Re a, \Re b >-1$), or by the Hadamard principal part of these integrals when they diverge. As an application it is shown that inhomogeneous hypergeometric equations do generically have a unique solution which is analytic at both singular points in the complex plane.
We consider the standard hypergeometric differential operator $D$ regarded as an operator on the complex plane $C$ and the complex conjugate operator $\overline D$. These operators formally commute and are formally adjoint one to another with respect to an appropriate weight. We find conditions when they commute in the Nelson sense and write explicitly their joint spectral decomposition. It is determined by a two-dimensional counterpart of the Jacobi transform (synonyms: generalized Mehler--Fock transform, Olevskii transform). We also show that the inverse transform is an operator of spectral …
Our present investigation is mainly based on the $k$-hypergeometric functions which are constructed by making use of the Pochhammer $k$-symbol \cite{Diaz} which are one of the vital generalization of hypergeometric functions. We introduce $k$-analogues of $F_{2}\ $and $F_{3}$ Appell functions denoted by the symbols $F_{2,k}\ $and $F_{3,k}\ $respectively, just like Mubeen et al. did for $F_{1}$ in 2015 \cite{Mubeen6}. Meanwhile, we prove some main properties namely integral representations, transformation formulas and some reduction formulas which help us to have relations between not only $k$-…
By applying the Euler--Rayleigh methods to a specific representation of the Jacobi polynomials as hypergeometric functions, we obtain new bounds for their largest zeros. In particular, we derive upper and lower bound for $1-x_{nn}^2(λ)$, with $x_{nn}(λ)$ being the largest zero of the $n$-th ultraspherical polynomial $P_n^{(λ)}$. For every fixed $λ>-1/2$, the limit of the ratio of our upper and lower bounds for $1-x_{nn}^2(λ)$ does not exceed $1.6$. This paper is a continuation of [1].
Many product formulas are known classically for generalized hypergeometric functions over the complex numbers. In this paper, we establish some analogous formulas for generalized hypergeometric functions over finite fields.
