The relation between representations and positive definite functions is a key concept in harmonic analysis on topological groups. Recently this relation has been studied on topological groupoids. This is the first in a series of papers in which we have investigated a similar relation on inverse semigroups. We use a new concept of "restricted" representations and study the restricted semigroup algebras and corresponding $C^*$-algebras.
The relation between representations and positive definite functions is a key concept in harmonic analysis on topological groups. Recently this relation has been studied on topological groupoids. This is the second in a series of papers in which we have investigated the concept of "restricted" positive definite functions and their relation with representations.
By a "Boolean inverse semigroup" we mean an inverse semigroup whose semilattice of idempotents is a Boolean algebra. We study representations of a given inverse semigroup S in a Boolean inverse semigroup which are "tight" in a certain well defined technical sense. These representations are supposed to preserve as much as possible any trace of "Booleannes" present in the semilattice of idempotents of S. After observing that the Vagner-Preston representation is not tight, we exhibit a canonical tight representation for any inverse semigroup with zero, called the "regular representation". We then…
In this work, for a given inverse semigroup we will define the crossed product of an inverse semigroup by a partial action. Also, we will associate to an inverse semigroup $G$ an inverse semigroup $S_G$, and we will prove that there is a correspondence between the covariant representation of $G$ and covariant representation of $S_G$. Finally, we will explore a connection between crossed products of an inverse semigroup actions and crossed products by partial actions of inverse semigroups.
To each discrete left cancellative semigroup $S$ one may associate a certain inverse semigroup $I_l(S)$, often called the left inverse hull of $S$. We show how the full and the reduced C*-algebras of $I_l(S)$ are related to the full and reduced semigroup C*-algebras for $S$ recently introduced by Xin Li, and give conditions ensuring that these algebras are isomorphic. Our picture provides an enhanced understanding of Li's algebras.
In this paper we show that the universal C*-algebra satisfying the Cuntz-Li relations is generated by an inverse semigroup of partial isometries. We apply Exel's theory of tight representations to this inverse semigroup. We identify the universal C*-algebra as the C*-algebra of the tight groupoid associated to the inverse semigroup.
For every finite unital inverse semigroup $S$ and $S$-$C^*$-algebra $A$ we establish an isomorphism between $KK^S(\mathbb{C},A)$ and $K(A \rtimes S)$. This extends the classical Green--Julg isomorphism from finite groups to finite inverse semigroups.
A Morita equivalence similar to that found by Green for crossed products by groups will be established for crossed products by inverse semigroups. More precisely, let $G$ be an inverse semigroup, $H$ a finite sub-inverse semigroup of $G$ and $A$ a $G$-algebra or a $H$-algebra. Then the crossed product $A \rtimes H$ is Morita equivalent to a certain crossed product $B \rtimes G$.
In this work, we give a presentation of the prefix expansion Pr(G) of an inverse semigroup G as recently introduced by Lawson, Margolis and Steinberg which is similar to the universal inverse semigroup defined by the second named author in case G is a group. The inverse semigroup Pr(G) classifies the partial actions of G on spaces. We extend this result and prove that Fell bundles over G correspond bijectively to saturated Fell bundles over Pr(G). In particular, this shows that twisted partial actions of G (on C*-algebras) correspond to twisted (global) actions of Pr(G). Furthermore, we show t…
A simple observation, showing that every groupoid becomes an inverse semigroup after adding one element. In such inverse semigroups all idempotents are mutually orthogonal. This fact implies that every C*-algebra of a discrete groupoid is a C*-algebra of an inverse semigroup.
The Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes algebras $A(G)$ and $B(G)$ of a locally compact group $G$ are introduced and studied in 60's by Piere Eymard in his PhD thesis. If $G$ is a locally compact abelian group, then $A(G)\simeq L^1(\hat{G})$, and $B(G)\simeq M(\hat{G})$, via the Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms, where $\hat{G}$ is the Pontryagin dual of $G$. Recently these algebras are defined on a (topological or measured) groupoid and have shown to share many common features with the group case. This is the last in a series of papers in which we have investigated a "restricted" form of the…
We use a recent result by Cuntz, Echterhoff and Li about the K-theory of certain reduced C*-crossed products to describe the K-theory of C*_r(S) when S is an inverse semigroup satisfying certain requirements. A result of Milan and Steinberg allows us to show that C*_r(S) is Morita equivalent to a crossed product of the type handled by Cuntz, Echterhoff and Li. We apply our result to graph inverse semigroups and the inverse semigroups of one-dimensional tilings.
We prove a version of Wordingham's theorem for left regular representations in the setting of Fell bundles of inverse semigroups and use this result to discuss the various associated cross sectional C*-algebras.
We study the path category of an inverse semigroup admitting unique maximal idempotents and give an abstract characterization of the inverse semigroups arising from zigzag maps on a left cancellative category. As applications we show that every inverse semigroup is Morita equivalent to an inverse semigroup of zigzag maps and hence the class of Cuntz-Krieger $C^*$-algebras of singly aligned categories include the tight $C^*$-algebras of all countable inverse semigroups, up to Morita equivalence.
We investigate recent uniqueness theorems for reduced $C^*$-algebras of Hausdorff étale groupoids in the context of inverse semigroups. In many cases the distinguished subalgebra is closely related to the structure of the inverse semigroup. In order to apply our results to full $C^*$-algebras, we also investigate amenability. More specifically, we obtain conditions that guarantee amenability of the universal groupoid for certain classes of inverse semigroups. These conditions also imply the existence of a conditional expectation onto a canonical subalgebra.
We argue that weak containment is an appropriate notion of amenability for inverse semigroups. Given an inverse semigroup $S$ and a homomorphism $ϕ$ of $S$ onto a group $G$, we show, under an assumption on $\ker(ϕ)$, that $S$ has weak containment if and only if $G$ is amenable and $\ker(ϕ)$ has weak containment. Using Fell bundle amenability, we find a related result for inverse semigroups with zero. We show that all graph inverse semigroups have weak containment and that Nica's inverse semigroup $\mcT_{G,P}$ of a quasi-lattice ordered group $(G,P)$ has weak containment if and only if $(G,P)$ …
In this note we start the study of whether the reduced C*-algebra of an inverse semigroup is quasi-diagonal, making explicit use of the inner structure of this class of semigroups in order to produce quasi-diagonal approximations. Given a discrete inverse semigroup, we detail the relationship between its isolated subgroups and the quasi-diagonality of its reduced C*-algebra, and prove that such subgroups must be amenable. Moreover, we give a direct characterization of the quasi-diagonality of inverse semigroup whose universal groupoid is minimal. Lastly, we also study the relevance of Green's …
This paper is a contribution to the theory of what might be termed $0$-dimensional non-commutative spaces. We prove that associated with each inverse semigroup $S$ is a Boolean inverse semigroup presented by the abstract versions of the Cuntz-Krieger relations. We call this Boolean inverse semigroup the Exel completion of $S$ and show that it arises from Exel's tight groupoid under non-commutative Stone duality.
For a given inverse semigroup, one can associate an étale groupoid which is called the universal groupoid. Our motivation is studying the relation between inverse semigroups and associated étale groupoids. In this paper, we focus on congruences of inverse semigroups, which is a fundamental concept to consider quotients of inverse semigroup. We prove that a congruence of an inverse semigroup induces a closed invariant set and a normal subgroupoid of the universal groupoid. Then we show that the universal groupoid associated to a quotient inverse semigroup is described by the restriction and quo…
In this paper, we give a different proof of the fact that the $C^{*}$ algebra of the odd dimensional quantum spheres is a groupoid $C*}$ algebra. We use the theory of inverse semigroups to reconstruct the groupoid given by Sheu in [6].
We introduce a new notion of twisted actions of inverse semigroups and show that they correspond bijectively to certain regular Fell bundles over inverse semigroups, yielding in this way a structure classification of such bundles. These include as special cases all the stable Fell bundles. Our definition of twisted actions properly generalizes a previous one introduced by Sieben and corresponds to Busby-Smith twisted actions in the group case. As an application we describe twisted etale groupoid C*-algebras in terms of crossed products by twisted actions of inverse semigroups and show that Sie…
We provide inverse semigroup and groupoid models for the Toeplitz and Cuntz-Krieger algebras of finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. Using these models, we prove a uniqueness theorem for the Cuntz-Krieger algebra.
Higson proved that every homotopy invariant, stable and split exact functor from the category of $C^*$-algebras to an additive category factors through Kasparov's $KK$-theory. By adapting a group equivariant generalization of this result by Thomsen, we generalize Higson's result to the inverse semigroup equivariant setting.
For an $r$-discrete Hausdorff groupoid ${\cal G}$ and an inverse semigroup $S$ of slices of ${\cal G}$ there is an isomorphism between ${\cal G}$-equivariant $KK$-theory and compatible $S$-equivariant $KK$-theory. We use it to define descent homomorphisms for $S$, and indicate a Baum--Connes map for inverse semigroups. Also findings by Khoshkam and Skandalis for crossed products by inverse semigroups are reflected in $KK$-theory.
We construct a weak conditional expectation from the section C*-algebra of a Fell bundle over a unital inverse semigroup to its unit fibre. We use this to define the reduced C*-algebra of the Fell bundle. We study when the reduced C*-algebra for an inverse semigroup action on a groupoid by partial equivalences coincides with the reduced groupoid C*-algebra of the transformation groupoid, giving both positive results and counterexamples.
Twisted étale groupoid algebras have been studied recently in the algebraic setting by several authors in connection with an abstract theory of Cartan pairs of rings. In this paper, we show that extensions of ample groupoids correspond in a precise manner to extensions of Boolean inverse semigroups. In particular, discrete twists over ample groupoids correspond to certain abelian extensions of Boolean inverse semigroups and we show that they are classified by Lausch's second cohomology group of an inverse semigroup. The cohomology group structure corresponds to the Baer sum operation on twists…
We discuss the relationship between tight and cover-to-join representations of semilattices and inverse semigroups, showing that a slight extension of the former, together with an appropriate selection of co-domains, makes the two notions equivalent. As a consequence, when constructing universal objects based on them, one is allowed to substitute cover-to-join for tight and vice-versa.
An amalgam of inverse semigroups [S,T,U] is full if U contains all of the idempotents of S and T. We show that for a full amalgam [S,T,U], the C*-algebra of the inverse semigroup amaglam of S and T over U is the C*-algebraic amalgam of C*(S) and C*(T) over C*(U). Using this result, we describe certain amalgamated free products of C*-algebras, including finite-dimensional C*-algebras, the Toeplitz algebra, and the Toeplitz C*-algebras of graphs.
In this paper, we apply the theory of inverse semigroups to the $C^{*}$-algebra $U[\mathbb{Z}]$ considered in \cite{Cuntz}. We show that the $C^{*}$-algebra $U[\mathbb{Z}]$ is generated by an inverse semigroup of partial isometries. We explicity identify the groupoid $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ associated to the inverse semigroup and show that $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ is exactly the same groupoid obtained in \cite{Cuntz-Li}.
We realize Kellendonk'?s C*-algebra of an aperiodic tiling as the tight C*-algebra of the inverse semigroup associated to the tiling, thus providing further evidence that the tight C*-algebra is a good candidate to be the natural associative algebra to go along with an inverse semigroup.
In this article we will study semigroupoids, and more specifically inverse semigroupoids. These are a common generalization to both inverse semigroups and groupoids, and provide a natural language on which several types of dynamical structures may be described. Moreover, this theory allows us to precisely compare and simultaneously generalize aspects of both the theories of inverse semigroups and groupoids. We begin by comparing and settling the differences between two notions of semigroupoids which appear in the literature (one by Tilson and another by Exel). We specialize this study to inver…
We consider a version of the notion of F-inverse semigroup (studied in the algebraic theory of inverse semigroups). We point out that an action of such an inverse semigroup on a locally compact space has associated a natural groupoid construction, very similar to the one of a transformation group. We discuss examples related to Toeplitz algebras on subsemigroups of discrete groups,to Cuntz-Krieger algebras, and to crossed-products by partial automorphisms in the sense of Exel.
Inspired by results for graph $C^*$-algebras, we investigate connections between the ideal structure of an inverse semigroup $S$ and that of its tight $C^*$-algebra by relating ideals in $S$ to certain open invariant sets in the associated tight groupoid. We also develop analogues of Conditions (L) and (K) for inverse semigroups, which are related to certain congruences on $S$. We finish with applications to the inverse semigroups of self-similar graph actions and some relevant comments on the authors' earlier uniqueness theorems for inverse semigroups.
The complex algebra of an inverse semigroup with finitely many idempotents in each $\mathcal D$-class is stably finite by a result of Munn. This can be proved fairly easily using $C^*$-algebras for inverse semigroups satisfying this condition that have a Hausdorff universal groupoid, or more generally for direct limits of inverse semigroups satisfying this condition and having Hausdorff universal groupoids. It is not difficult to see that a finitely presented inverse semigroup with a non-Hausdorff universal groupoid cannot be a direct limit of inverse semigroups with Hausdorff universal groupo…
The recently developed theory of partial actions of discrete groups on $C^*$-algebras is extended. A related concept of actions of inverse semigroups on $C^*$-algebras is defined, including covariant representations and crossed products. The main result is that every partial crossed product is a crossed product by a semigroup action.
This paper studies simplicity, primitivity and semiprimitivity of algebras associated to étale groupoids. Applications to inverse semigroup algebras are presented. The results also recover the semiprimitivity of Leavitt path algebras and can be used to recover the known primitivity criterion for Leavitt path algebras.
We describe the $C^*$-algebra of an $E$-unitary or strongly 0-$E$-unitary inverse semigroup as the partial crossed product of a commutative $C^*$-algebra by the maximal group image of the inverse semigroup. We give a similar result for the $C^*$-algebra of the tight groupoid of an inverse semigroup. We also study conditions on a groupoid $C^*$-algebra to be Morita equivalent to a full crossed product of a commutative $C^*$-algebra with an inverse semigroup, generalizing results of Khoshkam and Skandalis for crossed products with groups.
In this work we present algebraic conditions on an inverse semigroup S (with zero) which imply that its associated tight groupoid G_{tight)(S) is: Hausdorff, essentially principal, minimal and contracting, respectively. In some cases these conditions are in fact necessary and sufficient.
We have shown recently that, given a metric space $X$, the coarse equivalence classes of metrics on the two copies of $X$ form an inverse semigroup $M(X)$. Here we give several descriptions of the set $E(M(X))$ of idempotents of this inverse semigroup and its Stone dual space $\widehat X$. We also construct $σ$-additive measures on $\widehat X$ from finitely additive probability measures on $X$ that vanish on bounded subsets.
The notions of Busby-Smith and Green type twisted actions are extended to discrete unital inverse semigroups. The connection between the two types, and the connection with twisted partial actions, are investigated. Decomposition theorems for the twisted crossed products are given.
We introduce strong Morita equivalence for inverse semigroups. This notion encompasses Mark Lawson's concept of enlargement. Strongly Morita equivalent inverse semigroups have Morita equivalent universal groupoids in the sense of Paterson and hence strongly Morita equivalent universal and reduced $C^*$-algebras. As a consequence we obtain a new proof of a result of Khoshkam and Skandalis showing that the $C^*$-algebra of an $F$-inverse semigroup is strongly Morita equivalent to a cross product of a commutative $C^*$-algebra by a group.
We present some generalizations of the well-known correspondence, found by R. Exel, between partial actions of a group $G$ on a set $X$ and semigroup homomorphism of $S(G)$ on the semigroup $I(X)$ of partial bijections of $X,$ being $S(G)$ an inverse monoid introduced by Exel. We show that any unital premorphism $θ:G\to S$, where $S$ is an inverse monoid, can be extended to a semigroup homomorphism $θ^*:T\to S$ for any inverse semigroup $T$ with $S(G)\subseteq T\subseteq P^*(G)\times G,$ being $P^*(G)$ the semigroup of non-empty subset of $G$, and such that $E(S)$ satisfies some lattice theore…
In this work we characterize shift spaces over infinite countable alphabets that can be endowed with an inverse semigroup operation. We give sufficient conditions under which zero-dimensional inverse semigroups can be recoded as shift spaces whose correspondent inverse semigroup operation is a 1-block operation, that is, it arises from a group operation on the alphabet. Motivated by this, we go on to study block operations on shift spaces and, in the end, we prove our main theorem, which states that Markovian shift spaces, which can be endowed with a 1-block inverse semigroup operation, are co…
Given a partial action $π$ of an inverse semigroup $S$ on a ring $\mathcal{A}$ one may construct its associated skew inverse semigroup ring $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$. Our main result asserts that, when $\mathcal{A}$ is commutative, the ring $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$ is simple if, and only if, $\mathcal{A}$ is a maximal commutative subring of $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$ and $\mathcal{A}$ is $S$-simple. We apply this result in the context of topological inverse semigroup actions to connect simplicity of the associated skew inverse semigroup ring with topological properties of the action. Furthermore,…
Using the recent notion of inverse along an element in a semigroup, and the natural partial order on idempotents, we study bicommuting generalized inverses and define a new inverse called natural inverse, that generalizes the Drazin inverse in a semigroup, but also the Koliha-Drazin inverse in a ring. In this setting we get a core decomposition similar to the nilpotent, Kato or Mbekhta decompositions. In Banach and Operator algebras, we show that the study of the spectrum is not sufficient, and use ideas from local spectral theory to study this new inverse.
We investigate the Banach Lie groupoids and inverse semigroups naturally associated to W*-algebras. We also present statements describing relationship between these groupoids and the Banach Poisson geometry which follows in the canonical way from the W*-algebra structure.
The notion of a labelled space was introduced by Bates and Pask in generalizing certain classes of C*-algebras. Motivated by Exel's work on inverse semigroups and combinatorial C*-algebras, we associate each weakly left resolving labelled space with an inverse semigroup, and characterize the tight spectrum of the latter in a way that is reminiscent of the description of the boundary path space of a directed graph.
Given an action $φ$ of of inverse semigroup $S$ on a ring $A$ (with domain of $φ(s)$ denoted by $D_{s^*}$) we show that if the ideals $D_e$, with $e$ an idempotent, are unital, then the skew inverse semigroup ring $A\rtimes S$ can be realized as the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings. Conversely, we show that the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings is isomorphic to a skew inverse semigroup ring of this sort. We recover known results in the literature for Steinberg algebras over a field as special cases.
Let $K$ be a commutative ring with unit and $S$ an inverse semigroup. We show that the semigroup algebra $KS$ can be described as a convolution algebra of functions on the universal étale groupoid associated to $S$ by Paterson. This result is a simultaneous generalization of the author's earlier work on finite inverse semigroups and Paterson's theorem for the universal $C^*$-algebra. It provides a convenient topological framework for understanding the structure of $KS$, including the center and when it has a unit. In this theory, the role of Gelfand duality is replaced by Stone duality. Using …
Given a semigroup S with zero, which is left-cancellative in the sense that st=sr \neq 0 implies that t=r, we construct an inverse semigroup called the inverse hull of S, denoted H(S). When S admits least common multiples, in a precise sense defined below, we study the idempotent semilattice of H(S), with a focus on its spectrum. When S arises as the language semigroup for a subsift X on a finite alphabet, we discuss the relationship between H(S) and several C*-algebras associated to X appearing in the literature.
It was noticed recently that, given a metric space $(X,d_X)$, the equivalence classes of metrics on the disjoint union of the two copies of $X$ coinciding with $d_X$ on each copy form an inverse semigroup $M(X)$ with respect to concatenation of metrics. Now put this inverse semigroup construction in a more general context, namely, we define, for a C*-algebra $A$, an inverse semigroup $S(A)$ of Hilbert C*-$A$-$A$-bimodules. When $A$ is the uniform Roe algebra $C^*_u(X)$ of a metric space $X$, we construct a map $M(X)\to S(C^*_u(X))$ and show that this map is injective, but not surjective in gen…
We are interested in properties, especially injectivity (in the sense of category theory), of the ternary rings of operators generated by certain subsets of an inverse semigroup via the regular representation. We determine all subsets of the extended bicyclic semigroup which are closed under the triple product $xy^*z$ (called semiheaps) and show that the weakly closed ternary rings of operators generated by them (W*-TROs) are injective operator spaces.
We investigate various groupoids associated to an arbitrary inverse semigroup with zero. We show that the groupoid of filters with respect to the natural partial order is isomorphic to the groupoid of germs arising from the standard action of the inverse semigroup on the space of idempotent filters. We also investigate the restriction of this isomorphism to the groupoid of tight filters and to the groupoid of ultrafilters.
We study inverse $π$-extensions of the semigroup $\mathbb{Z}_+$. It is shown that $π$-extension of the semigroup $\mathbb{Z}_+$ is inverse, iff its $π$-extension coincides with $π(\mathbb{Z}_+)$. The existence of a non-inverse $π$-extension for semigroup $\mathbb{Z}_+$ is proved.
