We establish equivalences of derived categories of the following 3 categories:
(1) Principal block of representations of the quantum at a root of 1;
(2) G-equivariant coherent sheaves on the Springer resolution;
(3) Perverse sheaves on the loop Grassmannian for the Langlands dual group.
The equivalence (1)-(2) is an `enhancement' of the known expression for quantum group cohomology in terms of nilpotent variety, due to Ginzburg-Kumar. The equivalence (2)-(3) is a step towards resolving an old mystery surrounding the existense of two completely different realizations of the affine Hecke algebra which have played a key role in the proof of the Deligne-Langlands-Lusztig conjecture. One realization is in terms of locally constant functions on the flag manifold of a p-adic reductive group, while the other is in terms of equivariant K-theory of a complex (Steinberg) variety for the dual group. Our equivalence (2)-(3) may be viewed as a `categorification' of the isomorphism between the corresponding two geometric realizations of the fundamental polynomial representation of the affine Hecke algebra. The composite of the two equivalences above yields an equivalence between abelian categories of quantum group representations and perverse sheaves. A similar equivalence at an even root of unity can be deduced, following Lusztig program, from earlier deep results of Kazhdan-Lusztig and Kashiwara-Tanisaki. Our approach is independent of these results and is totally different (it does not rely on representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras). It also gives way to proving Humphreys' conjectures on tilting U_q(g)-modules, as will be explained in a separate paper.
An important result of Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg relates constructible sheaves on the affine Grassmannian to coherent sheaves on the dual Springer resolution. In this paper, we prove a positive-characteristic analogue of this statement, using the framework of "mixed modular sheaves" recently developed by the first author and Riche. As an application, we deduce a relationship between parity sheaves on the affine Grassmannian and Bezrukavnikov's "exotic t-structure" on the Springer resolution.
In this paper we prove equivalences of categories relating the derived category of a block of the category of representations of a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ bigger than the Coxeter number and a derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the Springer resolution (or a parabolic counterpart). In the case of the principal block, combined with previous results, this provides a modular version of celebrated constructions due to Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg for Lusztig's quantum groups at a root of unity. As an application…
For a fixed parabolic subalgebra p of gl(n,C) we prove that the centre of the principal block O(p) of the parabolic category O is naturally isomorphic to the cohomology ring of the corresponding Springer fibre. We give a diagrammatic description of O(p) for maximal parabolic p and give an explicit isomorphism to Braden's description of the category Perv_B(G(n,n)) of perverse sheaves on Grassmannians. As a consequence Khovanov's algebra H^n is realised as the endomorphism ring of some object from Perv_B(G(n,n)) which corresponds under localisation and the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence to a ful…
A classical and beautiful story in geometric representation theory is the construction by Springer of an action of the Weyl group on the cohomology of the fibres of the Springer resolution of the nilpotent cone. We establish a natural extension of Springer's theory to arbitrary symplectic resolutions of conical symplectic singularities. We analyse features of the action in the case of affine quiver varieties, constructing Weyl group actions on the cohomology of $ADE$ quiver varieties, and also consider "symplectically dual" examples arising from slices in the affine Grassmannian. Along the way…
We describe the irreducible components of Springer fibers for hook and two-row nilpotent elements of gl_n(C) as iterated bundles of flag manifolds and Grassmannians. We then relate the topology (in particular, the intersection homology Poincare' polynomials) of the intersections of these components with the inner products of the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements of irreducible representations of the rational Iwahori-Hecke algebra of type A corresponding to the hook and two-row Young shapes.
For a simply-connected simple algebraic group $G$ over $\C$, we exhibit a subvariety of its affine Grassmannian that is closely related to the nilpotent cone of $G$, generalizing a well-known fact about $GL_n$. Using this variety, we construct a sheaf-theoretic functor that, when combined with the geometric Satake equivalence and the Springer correspondence, leads to a geometric explanation for a number of known facts (mostly due to Broer and Reeder) about small representations of the dual group.
For a split reductive group scheme $G$ over a commutative ring $k$ with Weyl group $W$, there is an important functor $Rep(G,k) \to Rep(W,k)$ defined by taking the zero weight space. We prove that the restriction of this functor to the subcategory of small representations has an alternative geometric description, in terms of the affine Grassmannian and the nilpotent cone of the Langlands dual group to $G$. The translation from representation theory to geometry is via the Satake equivalence and the Springer correspondence. This generalizes the result for the $k=\mathbb{C}$ case proved by the fi…
We study the connection between the affine degenerate Grassmannians in type $A$, quiver Grassmannians for one vertex loop quivers and affine Schubert varieties. We give an explicit description of the degenerate affine Grassmannian of type $GL_n$ and identify it with semi-infinite orbit closure of type $A_{2n-1}$. We show that principal quiver Grassmannians for the one vertex loop quiver provide finite-dimensional approximations of the degenerate affine Grassmannian. Finally, we give an explicit description of the degenerate affine Grassmannian of type $A_1^{(1)}$, propose a conjectural descrip…
We construct for each choice of a quiver $Q$, a cohomology theory $A$ and a poset $P$ a "loop Grassmannian" $\mathcal{G}^P(Q,A)$. This generalizes loop Grassmannians of semisimple groups and the loop Grassmannians of based quadratic forms. The addition of a dilation torus $\mathcal{D}\subset\mathbb{G}_m^2$ gives a quantization $\mathcal{G}^P_\mathcal{D}(Q,A)$. The construction is motivated by the program of introducing an inner cohomology theory in algebraic geometry adequate for the Geometric Langlands program ['Some extensions of the notion of loop Grassmannians', Rad Hrvat. Akad. Znan. Umje…
Let $\mathbf{G}$ be a connected reductive group over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{F}$ of good characteristic, satisfying some mild conditions. In this paper we relate tilting objects in the heart of Bezrukavnikov's exotic t-structure on the derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the Springer resolution of $\mathbf{G}$, and Iwahori-constructible $\mathbb{F}$-parity sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of the Langlands dual group. As applications we deduce in particular the missing piece for the proof of the Mirkovic-Vilonen conjecture in full generality (i.e. for good chara…
We introduce an elliptic version of the Grothendieck-Springer sheaf and establish elliptic analogues of the basic results of Springer theory. From a geometric perspective, our constructions specialize geometric Eisenstein series to the resolution of degree zero, semistable G-bundles by degree zero B-bundles over an elliptic curve E. From a representation theory perspective, they produce a full embedding of representations of the elliptic or double affine Weyl group into perverse sheaves with nilpotent characteristic variety on the moduli of G-bundles over E. The resulting objects are principal…
The aim of this paper is to identify a certain tensor category of perverse sheaves on the real loop Grassmannian of a real form $G_{\mathbb R}$ of a connected reductive complex algebraic group $G$ with the category of finite-dimensional representations of a connected reductive complex algebraic subgroup $\check H$ of the dual group $\check G$. The root system of $\check H$ is closely related to the restricted root system of the real form $G_{\mathbb R}$. The fact that $\check H$ is reductive implies that an interesting family of real algebraic maps satisfies the conclusion of the Decomposition…
The goal of this work is to construct a perverse t-structure on the infinity-category of l-adic LG-equivariant sheaves on the loop Lie algebra Lg and to show that the affine Grothendieck-Springer sheaf S is perverse. Moreover, S is an intermediate extension of its restriction to the locus of ``compact" elements with regular semi-simple reduction. Note that classical methods do not apply in our situation because LG and Lg are infinite-dimensional ind-schemes.
We prove the strong Macdonald conjecture of Hanlon and Feigin for reductive groups G. In a geometric reformulation, we show that the Dolbeault cohomology $H^q(X;Ω^p)$ of the loop Grassmannian X is freely generated by de Rham's forms on the disk coupled to algebra generators of $H*(BG)$. Equating Euler characteristics of the two gives an identity, independently known to Macdonald [M], which generalises Ramanujan's_1ψ_1 sum. Simply laced root systems at level 1 are related to a `strong'_4ψ_4 sum. Failure of Hodge decomposition implies the singularity of X, and of the algebraic loop groups.
We present a version of the Matsuki correspondence for the affine Grassmannian $Gr=G(C((t)))/G(C[[t]])$ of a connected reductive complex algebraic group $G$. The main statement is an anti-isomorphism between the orbit posets of two subgroups of $G(C((t)))$ acting on $Gr$. The first is the polynomial loop group $LG_R$ of a real form $G_R$ of $G$; the second is the loop group $K(C((t)))$ of the complexification $K$ of a maximal compact subgroup $K_c$ of $G_R$. The orbit poset itself turns out to be simple to describe.
Given a complex projective algebraic variety, write H(X) for its cohomology with complex coefficients and IH(X) for its Intersection cohomology. We first show that, under some fairly general conditions, the canonical map H(X)\to IH(X) is injective. Now let Gr = G((z))/G[[z]] be the loop Grassmannian for a complex semisimple group G, and let X be the closure of a G[[z]]-orbit in Gr. We prove, using the general result above, a conjecture of D. Peterson describing the cohomology algebra H(X) in terms of the centralizer of the principal nilpotent in the Langlands dual of Lie(G). In the last sectio…
This is an expanded version of the text ``Perverse Sheaves on Loop Grassmannians and Langlands Duality'', AG/9703010. The main new result is a topological realization of algebraic representations of reductive groups over arbitrary rings. We outline a proof of a geometric version of the Satake isomorphism. Given a connected, complex algebraic reductive group G we show that the tensor category of representations of the Langlands dual group is naturally equivalent to a certain category of perverse sheaves on the loop Grassmannian of G. The above result has been announced by Ginsburg in and some o…
We discuss Hodge-theoretic aspects, related to the loop Grassmannian, of the strong Macdonald conjecture (whose proof is joint work with Fishel and Grojnowski).
The space of based loops in $SL_n(\mathbb{C})$, also known as the affine Grassmannian of $SL_n(\mathbb{C})$, admits an $\mathbb{E}_2$ or fusion product. Work of Mitchell and Richter proves that this based loop space stably splits as an infinite wedge sum. We prove that the Mitchell--Richter splitting is coherently multiplicative, but not $\mathbb{E}_2$. Nonetheless, we show that the splitting becomes $\mathbb{E}_2$ after base-change to complex cobordism. Our proof of the $\mathbb{A}_\infty$ splitting involves on the one hand an analysis of the multiplicative properties of Weiss calculus, and o…
In these notes, we survey the homology of the loop group Omega(K) of a compact group K, also known as the affine Grassmannian of a complex loop group. Using the Bott picture of H_*(Omega(K)), the homology algebra or Pontryagin ring, we obtain two new results: A. Factorization of affine Schubert homology classes. B. Definition of affine Schubert polynomials representing the affine Schubert homology classes in all types, in terms similar to ordinary Schubert polynomials.
We establish a derived geometric Satake equivalence for the quaternionic general linear group GL_n(H). By applying the real-symmetric correspondence for affine Grassmannians, we obtain a derived geometric Satake equivalence for the symmetric variety GL_2n/Sp_2n. We explain how these equivalences fit into the general framework of a geometric Langlands correspondence for real groups and the relative Langlands duality conjecture. As an application, we compute the stalks of the IC-complexes for spherical orbit closures in the quaternionic affine Grassmannian and the loop space of GL_2n/Sp_2n. We s…
We study the Poisson geometry of the first congruence subgroup $G_1[[z^{-1}]]$ of the loop group $G[[z^{-1}]]$ endowed with the rational r-matrix Poisson structure for $G=GL_m$ and $SL_m$. We classify all the symplectic leaves on a certain ind-subvariety of $G_1[[z^{-1}]]$ in terms of Smith Normal Forms. This classification extends known descriptions of symplectic leaves on the (thin) affine Grassmannian and the space of $SL_m$-monopoles. We show that a generic leaf is covered by open charts with Poisson transition functions, the charts being birationally isomorphic to products of coadjoint $G…
We construct an equivalence of graded Abelian categories from a category of representations of the quiver-Hecke algebra of type $A_1^{(1)}$ to the category of equivariant perverse coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of type $A$. We prove that this equivalence is weakly monoidal. This gives a representation-theoretic categorification of the preprojective K-theoretic Hall algebra considered by Schiffmann-Vasserot. Using this categorification, we compare the monoidal categorification of the quantum open unipotent cells of type $A_1^{(1)}$ given by Kang-Kashiwara-Kim-Oh-Park in terms of quiver-…
Affine W-algebras are a somewhat complicated family of (topological) associative algebras associated with a semisimple Lie algebra, quantizing functions on the algebraic loop space of Kostant's slice. They have attracted a great deal of attention in geometric representation theory because of Feigin-Frenkel's duality theorem for them, which identifies W-algebras for a Lie algebra and its Langlands dual through a subtle construction. The main result of this paper is an affine version of Skryabin's theorem, describing the category of modules over the W-algebra in simpler categorical terms. But un…
