A new multiple-integral representation of a general family of very-well-poised hypergeometric series is proved. Inspite of an analytic character of the result, it is motivated by the recent arithmetic progress for the values of the Riemann zeta function at odd integers. The multiple integrals are of Euler-type and can be viewed as a natural generalization of Beukers' integrals for $ζ(2)$ and $ζ(3)$.
We give a new proof of a theorem of Zudilin that equates a very-well-poised hypergeometric series and a particular multiple integral. This integral generalizes integrals of Vasilenko and Vasilyev which were proposed as tools in the study of the arithmetic behaviour of values of the Riemann zeta function at integers. Our proof is based on limiting cases of a basic hypergeometric identity of Andrews.
The classical summation and transformation theorems for very well-poised hypergeometric functions, namely, $_{5}F_4(1)$ summation, Dougall's $_{7}F_6(1)$ summation, Whipple's $_{7}F_6(1)$ to $_{4}F_3(1)$ transformation and Bailey's $_{9}F_8(1)$ to $_{9}F_8(1)$ transformation are extended. These extensions are derived by applying the well-known Bailey's transform method along with the classical very well-poised summation and transformation theorems for very well-poised hypergeometric functions and the Rakha and Rathie's extension of the Saalschütz's theorem. To show importance and applications …
We obtain extensions of classical hypergeometric identities of Bailey and Whipple that transform nearly-poised and very-well-poised series to Saalschützian series, Saalschützian series to Saalschützian series, and very-well-poised and nearly-poised series to very-well-poised series. We employ a method in which summations and transformations of lower-order series are used to obtain transformations of higher-order series. By taking limits, we also obtain extensions of two classical quadratic transformations of Whipple and Bailey. Furthermore, we show how a number of other well-known results rega…
The idea to use classical hypergeometric series and, in particular, well-poised hypergeometric series in diophantine problems of the values of the polylogarithms has led to several novelties in number theory and neighbouring areas of mathematics. Here we present a systematic approach to derive second-order polynomial recursions for approximations to some values of the Lerch zeta function, depending on the fixed (but not necessarily real) parameter $α$ satisfying the condition $\Re(α)<1$. Substituting $α=0$ into the resulting recurrence equations produces the famous recursions for rational appr…
We give elementary derivations of several classical and some new summation and transformation formulae for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. For purpose of motivation, we review our previous simple proof ("A simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear) of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation. Using a similar but different method, we now give elementary derivations of some transformations for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. In particular, these include M. Jackson's very-well-poised 8-psi-8 transformation, a very-well-poised …
Several new identities for elliptic hypergeometric series are proved. Remarkably, some of these are elliptic analogues of identities for basic hypergeometric series that are balanced but not very-well-poised.
In [Electron. J. Combin. 10 (2003), #R10], the author presented a new basic hypergeometric matrix inverse with applications to bilateral basic hypergeometric series. This matrix inversion result was directly extracted from an instance of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation theorem, and involves two infinite matrices which are not lower-triangular. The present paper features three different multivariable generalizations of the above result. These are extracted from Gustafson's A_r and C_r extensions and of the author's recent A_r extension of Bailey's 6-psi-6 summation formula. By combi…
We study Macdonald polynomials from a basic hypergeometric series point of view. In particular, we show that the Pieri formula for Macdonald polynomials and its recently discovered inverse, a recursion formula for Macdonald polynomials, both represent multivariable extensions of the terminating very-well-poised 6-phi-5 summation formula. We derive several new related identities including multivariate extensions of Jackson's very-well-poised 8-phi-7 summation. Motivated by our basic hypergeometric analysis, we propose an extension of Macdonald polynomials to Macdonald symmetric functions indexe…
We describe a uniform way of obtaining basic hypergeometric functions as limits of the elliptic beta integral. This description gives rise to the construction of a polytope with a different basic hypergeometric function attached to each face of this polytope. We can subsequently obtain various relations, such as transformations and three-term relations, of these functions by considering geometrical properties of this polytope. The most general functions we describe in this way are sums of two very-well-poised ${}_{10}ϕ_9$'s and their Nassrallah-Rahman type integral representation.
We list $A_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ extensions of the elliptic WP Bailey transform and lemma, given for $n=1$ by Andrews and Spiridonov. Our work requires multiple series extensions of Frenkel and Turaev's terminating, balanced and very-well-poised ${}_{10}V_9$ elliptic hypergeometric summation formula due to Rosengren, and Rosengren and Schlosser. In our study, we discover two new $A_n$ ${}_{12}V_{11}$ transformation formulas, that reduce to two new $A_n$ extensions of Bailey's $_{10}ϕ_9$ transformation formulas when the nome $p$ is $0$, and two multiple series extensions of Frenkel and Turaev's s…
We present a new matrix inverse with applications in the theory of bilateral basic hypergeometric series. Our matrix inversion result is directly extracted from an instance of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation theorem, and involves two infinite matrices which are not lower-triangular. We combine our bilateral matrix inverse with known basic hypergeometric summation theorems to derive, via inverse relations, several new identities for bilateral basic hypergeometric series.
In this paper, we explore the symmetric nature of the terminating basic hypergeometric series representations of the Askey--Wilson polynomials and the corresponding terminating basic hypergeometric transformations that these polynomials satisfy. In particular we identify and classify the set of 4 and 7 equivalence classes of terminating balanced ${}_4ϕ_3$ and terminating very-well poised ${}_8W_7$ basic hypergeometric series which are connected with the Askey--Wilson polynomials. We study the inversion properties of these equivalence classes and also identify the connection of both sets of equ…
We use elliptic Taylor series expansions and interpolation to deduce a number of summations for elliptic hypergeometric series. We extend to the well-poised elliptic case results that in the $q$-case have previously been obtained by Cooper and by Ismail and Stanton. We also provide identities involving S. Bhargava's cubic theta functions.
A multidimensional generalization of Bailey's very-well-poised bilateral basic hypergeometric ${}_6ψ_6$ summation formula and its Dougall type ${}_5H_5$ hypergeometric degeneration for $q\to 1$ is studied. The multiple Bailey sum amounts to an extension corresponding to the case of a nonreduced root system of certain summation identities associated to the reduced root systems that were recently conjectured by Aomoto and Ito and proved by Macdonald. By truncation, we obtain multidimensional analogues of the very-well-poised unilateral (basic) hypergeometric Rogers ${}_6ϕ_5$ and Dougall ${}_5F_4…
In this paper we consider a function $L(\vec{x})=L(a,b,c,d;e;f,g)$, which can be written as a linear combination of two Saalschützian ${}_4F_3(1)$ hypergeometric series or as a very-well-poised ${}_7F_6(1)$ hypergeometric series. We explore two-term and three-term relations satisfied by the $L$ function and put them in the framework of group theory. We prove a fundamental two-term relation satisfied by the $L$ function and show that this relation implies that the Coxeter group $W(D_5)$, which has 1920 elements, is an invariance group for $L(\vec{x})$. The invariance relations for $L(\vec{x})$ …
In this article we continue the work from arXiv:0902.0621. In that article Eric Rains and the present author considered the limits of the elliptic beta integral as p->0 while the parameters t_r have a p-dependence of the form t_r=u_rp^{α_r} (for fixed u_r and certain real numbers α_r). In this article we again consider such limits, but now we let p->0 along a geometric sequence p=xq^{sk} (for some integer s, while k -> \infty), and only allow α_r\in 2/s Z. These choices allow us to take many more limits. In particular we now also obtain bilateral basic hypergeometric series as possible limits,…
We give elementary derivations of some classical summation formulae for bilateral (basic) hypergeometric series. In particular, we apply Gauss' 2-F-1 summation and elementary series manipulations to give a simple proof of Dougall's 2-H-2 summation. Similarly, we apply Rogers' nonterminating 6-phi-5 summation and elementary series manipulations to give a simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation. Our method of proof extends M. Jackson's first elementary proof of Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation.
We derive hypergeometric formulas for Euler's constant, gamma. A "by-product" of Thomae's transformation is an infinite product for e^gamma involving the binomial coefficients. Alternate, non-hypergeometric proofs use a double integral for gamma, the beta integral, and an integral for the digamma function. (I thank P. Sebah, S. Zlobin, and W. Zudilin for valuable suggestions used in the paper.)
In many cases one may encounter an integral which is of $q$-Mellin--Barnes type. These integrals are easily evaluated using theorems which have a long history dating back to Slater, Askey, Gasper, Rahman and others. We derive some interesting $q$-Mellin--Barnes integrals and using them we derive transformation and summation formulas for nonterminating basic hypergeometric functions. The cases which we treat include ratios of theta functions, the Askey--Wilson moments, nonterminating well-poised ${}_3ϕ_2$, nonterminating very-well-poised ${}_5W_4$, ${}_8W_7$, products of two nonterminating ${}_…
We give an r-dimensional generalization of H. S. Shukla's very-well-poised 8-psi-8 summation formula. We work in the setting of multiple basic hypergeometric series very-well-poised over the root system A_{r-1}, or equivalently, the unitary group U(r). Our proof, which is already new in the one-dimensional case, utilizes an A_{r-1} nonterminating very-well-poised 6-phi-5 summation by S. C. Milne, a partial fraction decomposition, and analytic continuation.
Using an integral of a hypergeometric function, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for irrationality of Euler's constant $γ$. The proof is by reduction to known irrationality criteria for $γ$ involving a Beukers-type double integral. We show that the hypergeometric and double integrals are equal by evaluating them. To do this, we introduce a construction of linear forms in 1, $γ$, and logarithms from Nesterenko-type series of rational functions. In the Appendix, Sergey Zlobin gives a change-of-variables proof that the series and the double integral are equal.
We deduce new q-series identities by applying inverse relations to certain identities for basic hypergeometric series. The identities obtained themselves do not belong to the hierarchy of basic hypergeometric series. We extend two of our identities, by analytic continuation, to bilateral summation formulae which contain Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation and a very-well-poised 4-psi-6 summation as special cases.
We consider a certain definite integral involving the product of two classical hypergeometric functions having complicated arguments. We show in this paper the surprising fact that this integral does not depend on the parameters of the hypergeometric functions.
In this paper, we investigate the Euler-type integral representations for the generalized hypergeometric matrix function and develop some transformations in terms of hypergeometric matrix functions. Furthermore, unit and half arguments have been provided for several particular cases.
In this paper a double integral containing two Gaussian hypergeometric functions is discussed. The integral is not found in the literature and a direct computation is not (yet) possible. Therefore, a complete different integral is computed by two methods. The first method gives a combination of hypergeometric functions and the requested original integral, while with the second method this different integral can be computed directly. Equalization of the results from both methods gives the requested integral.
Our purpose in this present paper is to investigate generalized integration formulas containing the extended generalized hypergeometric function and obtained results are expressed in terms of extended hypergeometric function. Certain special cases of the main results presented here are also pointed out for the extended Gauss' hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions.
In this article we prove a new elliptic hypergeometric integral identity. It previously appeared (as a conjecture) in articles by Rains, and Spiridonov and Vartanov. Moreover it gives a different proof of an identity in another article by Rains. We also give some basic hypergeometric and classical limits of this identity. The classical limit gives identities (some known, some new) between generalizations of the Selberg integral.
We start from an interpretation of the $BC_2$-symmetric "Type I" (elliptic Dixon) elliptic hypergeometric integral evaluation as a formula for a Casoratian of the elliptic hypergeometric equation, and give an extension to higher-dimensional integrals and higher-order hypergeometric functions. This allows us to prove the corresponding elliptic beta integral and transformation formula in a new way, by proving both sides satisfy the same difference equations, and that the difference equations satisfy a Galois-theoretical condition that ensures uniqueness of simultaneous solution.
The paper classifies algebraic transformations of Gauss hypergeometric functions with the local exponent differences $(1/2,1/4,1/4)$, $(1/2,1/3,1/6)$ and $(1/3,1/3,1/3)$. These form a special class of algebraic transformations of Gauss hypergeometric functions, of arbitrary high degree. The Gauss hypergeometric functions can be identified as elliptic integrals on the genus 1 curves $y=x^3-x$ or $y=x^3-1$. Especially interesting are algebraic transformations of the hypergeometric functions into themselves; these transformations come from isogenies of the respective elliptic curves.
We generalize generating functions for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials, namely Jacobi, Gegenbauer, Laguerre, and Wilson polynomials. These generalizations of generating functions are accomplished through series rearrangement using connection relations with one free parameter for these orthogonal polynomials. We also use orthogonality relations to determine corresponding definite integrals.
In math.QA/0309252, the author proved a number of multivariate elliptic hypergeometric integrals. The purpose of the present note is to explore more carefully the various limiting cases (hyperbolic, trigonometric, rational, and classical) that exist. In particular, we show (using some new estimates of generalized gamma functions) that the hyperbolic integrals (previously treated as purely formal limits) are indeed limiting cases. We also obtain a number of new trigonometric (q-hypergeometric) integral identities as limits from the elliptic level.
In this article we give a new transformation between elliptic hypergeometric beta integrals, which gives rise to a Weyl group symmetry of type F_4. The transformation is a generalization of a series transformation discovered by Langer, Schlosser, and Warnaar. Moreover we consider various limits of this transformation to basic hypergeometric functions obtained by letting p tend to 0.
For each of the eight $n$-th derivative parameter changing formulas for Gauss hypergeometric functions a corresponding fractional integration formula is given. For both types of formulas the differential or integral operator is intertwining between two actions of the hypergeometric differential operator (for two sets of parameters): a so-called transmutation property. This leads to eight fractional integration formulas and four generalized Stieltjes transform formulas for each of the six different explicit solutions of the hypergeometric differential equation, by letting the transforms act on …
We describe the utility of integral representations for sums of basic hypergeometric functions. In particular we use these to derive an infinite sequence of transformations for symmetrizations over certain variables which the functions possess. These integral representations were studied by Bailey, Slater, Askey, Roy, Gasper and Rahman and were also used to facilitate the computation of certain outstanding problems in the theory of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the $q$-Askey scheme. We also generalize and give consequences and transformation formulas for some fundamental integ…
We define a general class of (multiple) integrals of hypergeometric type associated with the Jacobi theta functions. These integrals are related to theta hypergeometric series through the residue calculus. In the one variable case, we get theta function extensions of the Meijer function. A number of multiple generalizations of the elliptic beta integral [S2] associated with the root systems $A_n$ and $C_n$ is described. Some of the $C_n$-examples were proposed earlier by van Diejen and the author, but other integrals are new. An example of the biorthogonality relations associated with the elli…
We consider Mellin-Barnes integral representations of GKZ hypergeometric equations. We construct integration contours in an explicit way and show that suitable analytic continuations give rise to a basis of solutions.
In this paper, we obtain the analytical solutions of Laplace transforms based some novel integrals with suitable convergence conditions, by using hypergeometric approach (some algebraic properties of Pochhammer symbol and classical summation theorems of hypergeometric series ${}_{2}F_{1}(1)$, ${}_{2}F_{1}(-1)$ , ${}_{4}F_{3}(-1)$) . Also, we obtain the Laplace transforms of arbitrary powers of some finite series containing hyperbolic sine and cosine functions having different arguments, in terms of hypergeometric and Beta functions. Moreover, Laplace transforms of even and odd positive integra…
We examine a family ${}_pG_{q}^{\mathbb C}\big[\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{(a)}{(b)};z\big]$ of integrals of Mellin-Barnes type over the space ${\mathbb Z}\times {\mathbb R}$, such functions $G$ naturally arise in representation theory of the Lorentz group. We express ${}_pG_{q}^{\mathbb C}(z)$ as quadratic expressions in the generalized hypergeometric functions ${}_{p}F_{q-1}$ and discuss further properties of the functions ${}_pG_{q}^{\mathbb C}(z)$.
A new Hilbert-type integral inequality in the whole plane with the non-homogeneous kernel and parameters is given. The constant factor related to the hypergeometric function and the beta function is proved to be the best possible. As applications, equivalent forms, the reverses, some particular examples, two kinds of Hardy-type inequalities, and operator expressions are considered.
This is a brief overview of the index hypergeometric transform (other terms for this integral operator are: Olevskii transform, Jacobi transform, generalized Mehler--Fock transform). We discuss applications of this transform to special functions and harmonic analysis. The text is an addendum to the Russian edition of the book by G.E.Andrews, R.Askey, and R.Roy, Special Functions, Encycl. of Math. Appl. 71, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999.
In this paper, we obtain analytical solution of an unsolved integral $\textbf{R}_{C}(m,n)$ of Srinivasa Ramanujan [$\textit{Mess. Math}$., XLIV, 75-86, 1915], using hypergeometric approach, Mellin transforms, Infinite Fourier cosine transforms, Infinite series decomposition identity and some algebraic properties of Pochhammer's symbol. Also we have given some generalizations of the Ramanujan's integral $\textbf{R}_{C}(m,n)$ in the form of integrals $\textbf{I}^{*}_{C}(\upsilon,b,c,λ,y), \textbf{J}_C (\upsilon,b,c,λ,y), \textbf{K}_{C} (\upsilon,b,c, λ,y), \textbf{I}_{C}(\upsilon,b,λ,y)$ and sol…
In recent work (math.QA/0309252) on multivariate hypergeometric integrals, the author generalized a conjectural integral formula of van Diejen and Spiridonov to a ten parameter integral provably invariant under an action of the Weyl group E_7. In the present note, we consider the action of the affine Weyl group, or more precisely, the recurrences satisfied by special cases of the integral. These are of two flavors: linear recurrences that hold only up to dimension 6, and three families of bilinear recurrences that hold in arbitrary dimension, subject to a condition on the parameters. As a coro…
We study integral representations of the Gevrey series solutions of irregular hypergeometric systems under certain assumptions. We prove that, for such systems, any Gevrey series solution, along a coordinate hyperplane of its singular support, is the asymptotic expansion of a holomorphic solution given by a carefully chosen integral representation.
We consider the ratio of two Gauss hypergeometric functions, in which the parameters of the numerator function differ from the respective parameters of the denominator function by integers. We derive explicit integral representations for this ratio based on a formula for its imaginary part. This work extends our recent results by lifting certain restrictions on parameters. The new representations are illustrated with a few examples and an application to products of ratios.
As a contribution to the Ramanujan theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases, Li-Chien Shen has shown how analogues of the Jacobian elliptic functions may be derived from incomplete hypergeometric integrals in signatures three and four. We determine precisely the signatures in which the Jacobian analogues or their squares are indeed elliptic.
