In two previous papers we used the geometry of complete polyhedral fans to construct a subring $\TTT (l)$ of the modular forms on $Γ_{1} (l)$, and showed that for weight two the cuspidal part of $\TTT (l)$ coincides with the space of cusp forms of analytic rank zero. In this paper we show that in weights greater than two, the cuspidal part of $\TTT (l)$ coincides with the space of all cusp forms.
These are the notes from a survey talk given at Arbeitstagung 2001 covering the author's work with Lev Borisov and Sorin Popescu on toric varieties, modular forms, and equations of modular curves.
Let $D$ be a definite quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathcal{O}$ an Eichler order in $D$ of square-free level. We study distribution of the toric periods of algebraic modular forms of level $\mathcal{O}$. We focus on two problems: non-vanishing and sign changes. Firstly, under certain conditions on $\mathcal{O}$, we prove the non-vanishing of the toric periods for positive proportion of imaginary quadratic fields. This improves the known lower bounds toward Goldfeld's conjecture in some cases and provides evidence for similar non-vanishing conjectures for central values of twisted …
In a previous paper \cite{BorGunn}, we defined the space of toric forms $\TTT(l)$, and showed that it is a finitely generated subring of the holomorphic modular forms of integral weight on the congruence group $Γ_1(l)$. In this article we prove the following theorem: modulo Eisenstein series, the weight two toric forms coincide exactly with the vector space generated by all cusp eigenforms f such that $L(f,1) \not = 0$. The proof uses work of Merel, and involves an explicit computation of the intersection pairing on Manin symbols.
Squashed toric sigma models are a class of sigma models whose target space is a toric manifold in which the torus fibration is squashed away from the fixed points so as to produce a neck-like region. The elliptic genera of squashed toric-Calabi-Yau manifolds are known to obey the modular transformation property of holomorphic Jacobi forms, but have an explicit non-holomorphic dependence on the modular parameter. The elliptic genus of the simplest one-dimensional example is known to be a mixed mock Jacobi form, but the precise automorphic nature for the general case remained to be understood. W…
We study a class of two-dimensional N=(2,2) sigma models called squashed toric sigma models, using their Gauged Linear Sigma Models (GLSM) description. These models are obtained by gauging the global U(1) symmetries of toric GLSMs and introducing a set of corresponding compensator superfields. The geometry of the resulting vacuum manifold is a deformation of the corresponding toric manifold in which the torus fibration maintains a constant size in the interior of the manifold, thus producing a neck-like region. We compute the elliptic genus of these models, using localization, in the case when…
Let $N\subset \RR^{r}$ be a lattice, and let $°\colon N \to \CC$ be a piecewise-linear function that is linear on the cones of a complete rational polyhedral fan. Under certain conditions on $°$, the data $(N,°)$ determines a function $f\colon {\HHH}\to \CC$ that is a holomorphic modular form of weight $r$ for the congruence subgroup $Γ_{1} (l) $. Moreover, by considering all possible pairs $(N ,°)$, we obtain a natural subring ${\TTT} (l)$ of modular forms with respect to $Γ_{1} (l) $. We construct an explicit set of generators for $\TTT (l)$, and show that ${\TTT} (l)$ is stable under the ac…
We construct classes in the motivic cohomology of certain 1-parameter families of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric Fano n-folds, with applications to local mirror symmetry (growth of genus 0 instanton numbers) and inhomogeneous Picard-Fuchs equations. In the case where the family is classically modular the classes are related to Belinson's Eisenstein symbol; the Abel-Jacobi map (or rational regulator) is computed in this paper for both kinds of cycles. For the "modular toric" families where the cycles essentially coincide, we obtain a motivic (and computationally effective) explanation of a p…
The aim of this paper is to show lifts from pairs of two elliptic modular forms to Siegel modular forms of half-integral weight of even degree under the assumption that the constructed Siegel modular form is not identically zero. The key of the proof is to introduce a certain generalization of the Maass relation for Siegel modular forms of half-integral weight of general degree.
We establish an isomorphism between certain complex-valued and vector-valued modular form spaces of half-integral weight, generalizing the well-known isomorphism between modular forms for $Γ_0(4)$ with Kohnen's plus condition and modular forms for the Weil representation associated to the discriminant form for the lattice with Gram matrix $(2)$. With such an isomorphism, we prove the Zagier duality and write down the Borcherds lifts explicitly.
We prove some new cases of local--global compatibility for the Galois representations associated to Hilbert modular forms of low weight (that is, partial weight one).
In this paper, we prove the Eichler cohomology theorem of weakly parabolic generalized modular forms of real weights on subgroups of finite index in the full modular group. We explicitly establish the isomorphism for large weights by constructing the map from the space of cusp forms to the cohomology group.
We prove a modularity lifting theorem for potentially Barostti-Tate representations over totally real fields, generalising recent results of Kisin. Unfortunately, there was an error in the original version of this paper, meaning that we can only obtain a slightly weaker result in the case where the representations are potentially ordinary; an erratum has been added explaining this error.
We bound the supnorm of half-integral weight Hecke eigenforms in the Kohnen plus space of level $4$ in the weight aspect, by combining bounds obtained from the Fourier expansion with the amplification method using a Bergman kernel.
We define an analogue of the Bol operator on spaces of weakly holomorphic modular forms of half-integral weight. We establish its main properties and relation with other objects.
We construct a natural basis for the space of weak harmonic Maass forms of weight 5/2 on the full modular group. The non-holomorphic part of the first element of this basis encodes the values of the ordinary partition function p(n). We obtain a formula for the coefficients of the mock modular forms of weight 5/2 in terms of regularized inner products of weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight -1/2, and we obtain Hecke-type relations among these mock modular forms.
Using half-integral weight modular forms we give a criterion for the existence of real quadratic $p$-rational fields. For $p=5$ we prove the existence of infinitely many real quadratic $p$-rational fields.
A result of Dieulefait-Wiese proves the existence of modular eigenforms of weight 2 for which the image of every associated residual Galois representation is as large as possible. We generalize this result to eigenforms of general even weight k $\geq$ 2.
We investigate the various types of weight raising and weight lowering operators on quasi-modular forms, or equivalently on Shimura's vector-valued modular forms involving symmetric power representations. We also present all the eigenfunctions of the two possible Laplacian operators.
In this article, we construct differential modular forms for compact Shimura curves over totally real fields bigger than rational of non-zero integral weights that is not classical (of order zero) generalizing the construction of Buium [8].
In this note, we prove that there exists a classical Hilbert modular cusp form over Q(\sqrt{5}) of partial weight one which does not arise from the induction of a Grossencharacter from a CM extension of Q(\sqrt{5}).
In this note, we describe several new examples of holomorphic modular forms on the group SU(2,1). These forms are distinguished by having weight $\frac{1}{3}$. We also describe a method for determining the levels at which one should expect to find such fractional weight forms.
The Galois representations associated to weight $1$ newforms over $\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p$ are remarkable in that they are unramified at $p$, but the computation of weight $1$ modular forms has proven to be difficult. One complication in this setting is that a weight $1$ cusp form over $\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p$ need not arise from reducing a weight $1$ cusp form over $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$. In this article we propose a unified "Hecke stability method" for computing spaces of weight $1$ modular forms of a given level in all characteristics simultaneously. Our main theorems outline conditions under which a f…
We present a dimension formula for spaces of vector-valued modular forms of integer weight in case the associated multiplier system has finite image, and discuss the weight distribution of the module generators of holomorphic and cusp forms, as well as the duality relation between cusp forms and holomorphic forms for the contragredient.
We prove many cases of a conjecture of Buzzard, Diamond and Jarvis on the possible weights of mod $p$ Hilbert modular forms, by making use of modularity lifting theorems and computations in $p$-adic Hodge theory.
We establish lower bounds for (i) the numbers of positive and negative terms and (ii) the number of sign changes in the sequence of Fourier coefficients at squarefree integers of a half-integral weight modular Hecke eigenform.
We investigate non-vanishing properties of $L(f,s)$ on the real line, when $f$ is a Hecke eigenform of half-integral weight $k+{1\over 2}$ on $Γ_0(4).$
In this note, we show that the algebraicity of the Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms can be determined by checking the algebraicity of the first few of them. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a half-integral weight modular form to be in Kohnen's +-subspace by considering only finitely many terms.
We generalize the main result of arXiv:1206.6631 [math.NT] to all totally real fields. In other words, for $p>2$ prime, we prove (under a mild Taylor-Wiles hypothesis) that if a modular representation is unramified and $p$-distinguished at all places above $p$, then it arises from a mod $p$ Hilbert modular form of parallel weight one. This (mostly) resolves the weight one part of Serre's conjecture for totally real fields.
We prove an integral R = T theorem for odd two dimensional p-adic representations of the absolute Galois group which are unramified at p, extending results of [CG] to the non-minimal case. We prove, for any p, the existence of Katz modular forms modulo p of weight one which do not lift to characteristic zero.
In this article we present an algorithm that uses the graded algebra structure of Hilbert modular forms to compute the adelic $q$-expansion of Hilbert modular forms of weight one as the quotient of Hilbert modular forms of higher weight. The main improvement to existing methods is that our algorithm can be applied in weight $1$, which fills a gap left by standard computational methods. Additionally, the algorithm can be used to compute Hilbert modular forms over finite fields in all characteristic simultaneously. We use this algorithm to compute a first candidate of a Hilbert modular form of p…
We prove modularity of certain residually reducible ordinary 2-dimensional $p$-adic Galois representations with determinant a finite order odd character $χ$. For certain non-quadratic $χ$ we prove an $R=T$ result for $T$ the weight 1 specialisation of the Hida Hecke algebra acting on non-classical weight 1 forms, under the assumption that no two Hida families congruent to an Eisenstein series cross in weight 1. For quadratic $χ$ we prove that the quotient of $R$ corresponding to deformations split at $p$ is isomorphic to the Hecke algebra acting on classical CM weight 1 modular forms.
In this paper, we study the parallel cases of Zagier's and Folsom-Ono's grids of weakly holomorphic (resp. weakly holomorphic and mock modular) forms of weights 3/2 and 1/2, investigating their $p$-adic properties under the action of Hecke operators.
We prove a natural analogue of the Sato-Tate conjecture for modular forms of weight 2 or 3 whose associated automorphic representations are a twist of the Steinberg representation at some finite place.
In this paper, we investigate the sign changes of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight Hecke eigenforms and give two quantitative results on the number of sign changes.
We introduce Galois families of modular forms. They are a new kind of family coming from Galois representations of the absolute Galois groups of rational function fields over the rational field. We exhibit some examples and provide an infinite Galois family of non-liftable weight one Katz modular eigenforms over an algebraic closure of F_p for p in {3,5,7,11}.
Let $F$ be a totally real number field and $\mathfrak{o}$ the ring of integers of $F$. We study theta functions which are Hilbert modular forms of half-integral weight for the Hilbert modular group $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathfrak{o})$. We obtain an equivalent condition that there exists a multiplier system of half-integral weight for $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathfrak{o})$. We determine the condition of $F$ that there exists a theta function which is a Hilbert modular form of half-integral weight for $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathfrak{o})$. The theta function is defined by a sum on a fractional ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $…
Bounding sup-norms of modular forms in terms of the level has been the focus of much recent study. In this work the sup norm of a half integral weight cusp form is bounded in terms of the level.
We prove that the graded ring of modular forms of weight divisible by 3 is naturally isomorphic to a certain log canonical ring of the corresponding elliptic modular surface.
We formulate a conjecture that describes the vector-valued Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level 2 of weight Sym^j det^2 and provide some evidence for it. We construct such modular forms of weight (j,2) via covariants of binary sextics and calculate their Fourier expansions illustrating the effectivity of the approach via covariants. Two appendices contain related results of Chenevier; in particular a proof of the fact that every modular form of degree 2 and level 2 and weight (j,1) vanishes.
We define a notion of modular forms of half-integral weight on the quaternionic exceptional groups. We prove that they have a well-behaved notion of Fourier coefficients, which are complex numbers defined up to multiplication by $\pm 1$. We analyze the minimal modular form $Θ_{F_4}$ on the double cover of $F_4$, following Loke--Savin and Ginzburg. Using $Θ_{F_4}$, we define a modular form of weight $\frac{1}{2}$ on (the double cover of) $G_2$. We prove that the Fourier coefficients of this modular form on $G_2$ see the $2$-torsion in the narrow class groups of totally real cubic fields.