In this paper, we show that Riemann hypothesis (concerning zeros of the zeta function in the critical strip) is equivalent to the analytic continuation of Euler products obtained by restricting the Euler zeta product to suitable subsets $M_k$, $k\geq 1$ of the set of prime numbers. Each of these Euler product defines so a partial zeta function $ζ_{k}(s)$ equal to a Dirichlet series of the form $\sum ε(n)/n^s$, with coefficients $ε(n)$ equal to 0 or 1 as n belongs or not to the population of integers generated by $M_k$. We show that usual formulas of the arithmetic adapt themselves to such populations (Moebius, Mertens, Lambert series,...). We envisage also the study of summations inside these populations and new functions (generalizations of the integer part function, of the harmonic series) directly connected to the existence of analytical continuations.
Let $\vfi$ be Euler's function, $\ga$ be Euler's constant and $N_k$ be the product of the first $k$ primes. In this article, we consider the function $c(n) =(n/\vfi(n)-e^\ga\log\log n)\sqrt{\log n}$. Under Riemann's hypothesis, it is proved that $c(N_k)$ is bounded and explicit bounds are given while, if Riemann's hypothesis fails, $c(N_k)$ is not bounded above or below.
We provide a $q$-analogue of Euler's formula for $ζ(2k)$ for $k\in\mathbb{Z}^+$. Our main results are stated in Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 below. The result generalizes a recent result of Z.W. Sun who obtained $q$-analogues of $ζ(2)=π^2/6$ and $ζ(4)=π^4/90$.
We prove that Riemann's xi function is strictly increasing (respectively, strictly decreasing) in modulus along every horizontal half-line in any zero-free, open right (respectively, left) half-plane. A corollary is a reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis.
We give a new equivalent condition for the Riemann hypothesis consisting in an order condition for certain finite rational combinations of the values of the Riemann zeta-function at even positive integers.
In this note, we give an equivalent condition for a self-dual weight enumerator of genus three to satisfy the Riemann hypothesis. We also observe the truth and falsehood of the Riemann hypothesis for some families of invariant polynomials.
The authors modify the Balazard-Saias criterion for the Riemann hypothesis by changing the cutoff of the Dirichlet series. They establish some asymptotic results related to the modified criterion.
The number of zeros and the distribution of the real part of non-real zeros of the derivatives of the Riemann zeta function have been investigated by Berndt, Levinson, Montgomery, and Akatsuka. Berndt, Levinson, and Montgomery investigated the general case, meanwhile Akatsuka gave sharper estimates for the first derivative of the Riemann zeta function under the truth of the Riemann hypothesis. In this paper, we extend the results of Akatsuka to the second derivative of the Riemann zeta function.
In this short note I present a tauberian conjecture that I consider to be the simplest and the best tauberian reformulation of RH using good variation theory. The method applies also to the Grand Riemann Hypothesis.
We prove that a good average order on the Goldbach generating function implies that the real parts of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function are strictly less than 1. This together with existing results establishes an equivalence between such asymptotics and the Riemann Hypothesis.
We verify numerically, in a rigorous way using interval arithmetic, that the Riemann hypothesis is true up to height $3\cdot10^{12}$. That is, all zeroes $β+ iγ$ of the Riemann zeta-function with $0<γ\leq 3\cdot 10^{12}$ have $β= 1/2$.
The Riemann hypothesis (RH) is well known. In this paper we would show some sufficient conditions for the RH. The first condition is related with the sum of divisors function and another one is related with the Chebyshev's function.
We prove that assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis every even integer larger than $\exp(\exp(15.85))$ can be written as the sum of a prime number and a number that has at most two prime factors.
We prove an explicit error term for the $ψ(x,χ)$ function assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. Using this estimate, we prove a conditional explicit bound for the number of primes in arithmetic progressions.
In this mainly expository article, we revisit some formal aspects of B{á}ez-Duarte's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis. In particular, starting from Weingartner's formulation of the criterion, we define an arithmetical function $ν$, which is equal to the M{ö}bius function if, and only if the Riemann hypothesis is true. We record the basic properties of the Dirichlet series of $ν$, and state a few questions. KEYWORDS: Riemann hypothesis, arithmetical functions, Dirichlet series, Hilbert space
In this short note, we give a proof of the Riemann hypothesis for Goss $v$-adic zeta function $ζ_{v}(s)$, when $v$ is a prime of $\mathbb{F}_{q}[t]$ of degree one.
The paper presents several new sufficient conditions, as well as new equivalent criteria for the classical Riemann Hypothesis. Noteworthy are also other statements and remarks about $ζ$ to be found throughout the paper.
Zeta functions for linear codes were defined by Iwan Duursma in 1999. They were generalized to the case of some invariant polynomials by the preset author. One of the most important problems is whether extremal weight enumerators satisfy the Riemann hypothesis. In this article, we show there exist extremal polynomials of the weight enumerator type which are invariant under the MacWilliams transform and do not satisfy the Riemann hypothesis.
This short note presents a peculiar generalization of the Riemann hypothesis, as the action of the permutation group on the elements of continued fractions. The problem is difficult to attack through traditional analytic techniques, and thus this note focuses on providing a numerical survey. These results indicate a broad class of previously unexamined functions may obey the Riemann hypothesis in general, and even share the non-trivial zeros in particular.
Four propositions are considered concerning the relationship between the zeros of two combinations of the Riemann zeta function and the function itself. The first is the Riemann hypothesis, while the second relates to the zeros of a derivative function. It is proved that these are equivalent, and that, if the Riemann hypothesis holds, then all zeros of the zeta function on the critical line are simple. The Riemann hypothesis is then shown to imply the third proposition holds, this being a new necessary condition for the Riemann hypothesis. The third proposition is shown to be equivalent to the…
The authors assume the Deep Riemann Hypothesis to prove that a weighted sum of Ramanujan's $τ$-function has a bias to being positive. This phenomenon is an analogue of Chebyshev's bias.
We present a conjecture about the asymptotic representation of certain series. The conjecture implies the Riemann hypothesis and it would also indicate the simplicity of the non-trivial zeros of the zeta-function.
An alternative way of looking at the Riemann hypothesis from the viewpoint of mathematical control theory is considered. A control theoretic transfer function is constructed by inverting the values of the Riemann zeta-function from which the unstable pole at s=1 has been stripped off. A series expansion is developed for the impulse response of the control system via inverse Laplace transformation. If the series converges and the unproved growth conjecture of the impulse response is true, then the Riemann hypothesis is also true.
In the present paper we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to prove the Riemann hypothesis in terms of certain properties of local extrema of the function $Ξ(t)=ξ(\tfrac{1}{2}+it)$. First, we prove that positivity of all local maxima and negativity of all local minima of $Ξ(t)$ form a necessary condition for the Riemann hypothesis to be true. After showing that any extremum point of $Ξ(t)$ is a saddle point of the function $\Re\{ξ(s)\}$, we prove that the above properties of local extrema of $Ξ(t)$ are also a sufficient condition for the Riemann hypothesis to hold at $t\gg 1$. We pres…
Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we provide explicit upper bounds for moduli of $S(t)$, $S_1(t)$, and $ζ\left(1/2+\mathrm{i}t\right)$ while comparing them with recently proven unconditional ones. As a corollary we obtain a conditional explicit bound on gaps between consecutive zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.
The number of zeros and the distribution of the real part of non-real zeros of the derivatives of the Riemann zeta function have been investigated by Berndt, Levinson, Montgomery, and Akatsuka. Berndt, Levinson, and Montgomery investigated the general case, meanwhile Akatsuka gave sharper estimates for the first derivative of the Riemann zeta function under the truth of the Riemann hypothesis. In this paper, we generalize the results of Akatsuka to the $k$-th derivative (for positive integer $k$) of the Riemann zeta function.
Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we provide effective upper and lower estimates for $\left|ζ(s)\right|$ right to the critical line. As an application we make explicit Titchmarsh's conditional bound for the Mertens function and Montgomery--Vaughan's conditional bound for the number of $k$-free numbers.
In 1999, Iwan Duursma defined the zeta function for a linear code as a generating function of its Hamming weight enumerator. It can also be defined for other homogeneous polynomials not corresponding to existing codes. If the homogeneous polynomial is invariant under the MacWilliams transform, then its zeta function satisfies a functional equation and we can formulate an analogue of the Riemann hypothesis. As far as existing codes are concerned, the Riemann hypothesis is believed to be closely related to the extremal property. In this article, we show there are abundant polynomials invariant b…
This paper shows the equivalence of the Riemann hypothesis to an sequence of elementary inequalities involving the harmonic numbers H_n, the sum of the reciprocals of the integers from 1 to n. It is a modification of a criterion due to Guy Robin.
We make plausible the existence of counterexamples to the Riemann hypothesis located in the neighbourhood of unusually large peaks of $\vert ζ\vert$. The main ingredient in our argument is an identity which links the zeros of a function $f$ defined on the interval $[-a,a]$ and the values of its derivatives of odd order at $\pm a$.
Several arguments against the truth of the Riemann hypothesis are extensively discussed. These include the Lehmer phenomenon, the Davenport-Heilbronn zeta-function, large and mean values of $|ζ(1/2+it)|$ on the critical line, and zeros of a class of convolution functions. The first two topics are classical, and the remaining ones are connected with the author's research.
We use subsequence and moving average ergodic theorems applied to Boole's transformation and its variants and their invariant measures on the real line to give new characterisations of the Lindelh{ö}f Hypothesis and the Riemann hypothesis. These ideas are then used to study the value distribution of Dirichlet L series, and the zeta functions of Dedekind, Hurwitz and Riemann and their derivatives. This builds on earlier work of R. L. using Birkhoff's ergodic theorem and probability theory.
Balazard, Saias, and Yor proved that the Riemann Hypothesis is equivalent to a certain weighted integral of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta-function along the critical line equaling zero. Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we investigate the rate at which a truncated version of this integral tends to zero, answering a question of Borwein, Bradley, and Crandall and disproving a conjecture of the same authors. A simple modification of our techniques gives a new proof of a classical Omega theorem for the function S(t) in the theory of the Riemann zeta-function.
We use a smoothed version of the explicit formula to find an approximation to the Riemann zeta function as a product over its nontrivial zeros multiplied by a product over the primes. We model the first product by characteristic polynomials of random matrices. This provides a statistical model of the zeta function that involves the primes in a natural way. We then employ the model in a heuristic calculation of the moments of the modulus of the zeta function on the critical line. This calculation illuminates recent conjectures for these moments based on connections with random matrix theory.
The purpose of the present paper is to provide a general overview of a variety of results related to a category of cotangent sums which have been proven to be associated to the so-called Nyman-Beurling criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis. These sums are also related to the Estermann Zeta function.
A square-free integer is a positive integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Merten's function, $M(x)$ is defined as the difference between the number of square free integers with an even number of prime factors and the number of those with an odd number of prime factors up to $x$. It's well known that $M(x)=O(x^{1/2+ε})$ is equivalent to Riemann Hypothesis. In this paper, we derive a new equation involving Merten's function that leads to a promising technique for Riemann Hypothesis.
For any real $β_0\in[\tfrac12,1)$, let ${\rm GRH}[β_0]$ be the assertion that for every Dirichlet character $χ$ and all zeros $ρ=β+iγ$ of $L(s,χ)$, one has $β\leβ_0$ (in particular, ${\rm GRH}[\frac12]$ is the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis). In this paper, we show that the validity of ${\rm GRH}[\frac{9}{10}]$ depends only on certain distributional properties of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function $ζ(s)$. No conditions are imposed on the zeros of nonprincipal Dirichlet $L$-functions.
We explore Hilbert space reformulations of Riemann Hypothesis developed by Nyman, Beurling, Báez-Duarte, et. al. with a weighted Bergman space $\mathcal{H}=A_1^2(\mathbb{D})$, i.e., Riemann hypothesis holds if and only if the Hilbert subspace $\mathcal{H}_0$ spanned by a certain family of functions coincides with $\mathcal{H}$. A condition that a function does not belong to $\mathcal{H}_0^\bot$ is given. Moreover, it is proved that the von-Neumann algebra generated by a certain monoid $T_\mathbb{N}=\{T_k:\, k\in \mathbb{N}\}$ of operators is exactly $B(\mathcal{H})$. As a result, Riemann hypot…
In 1997 the author found a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for the Riemann zeta function, involving the nonnegativity of certain coefficients associated with the Riemann zeta function. In 1999 Bombieri and Lagarias obtained an arithmetic formula for these coefficients using the ``explicit formula'' of prime number theory. In this paper, the author obtains an arithmetic formula for corresponding coefficients associated with the Euler product of Hecke polynomials, which is essentially a product of L-functions attached to weight 2 cusp forms (both newforms and oldforms) over Hecke congruence…
In 1916, Riesz proved that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the bound $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{μ(n)}{n^2} \exp\left( - \frac{x}{n^2} \right) = O_ε \left( x^{-\frac{3}{4} + ε} \right)$, as $x \rightarrow\infty$, for any $ε>0$. Around the same time, Hardy and Littlewood gave another equivalent criteria for the Riemann hypothesis while correcting an identity of Ramanujan. In the present paper, we establish a one-variable generalization of the identity of Hardy and Littlewood and as an application, we provide Riesz-type criteria for the Riemann hypothesis. In particular, we obtain the bound…
Zeros of the Riemann zeta function and its derivatives have been studied by many mathematicians. Among, the number of zeros and the distribution of the real part of non-real zeros of the derivatives of the Riemann zeta function have been investigated by Berndt, Levinson, Montgomery, Akatsuka, and the author. Berndt, Levinson, and Montgomery investigated the unconditional case, while Akatsuka and the author gave sharper estimates under the truth of the Riemann hypothesis. In this paper, we prove similar results related to the first derivative of the Dirichlet $L$-functions associated with primi…
This paper is a continuation of our recent paper with the same title, arXiv:0806.1596v1 [math.NT], where a number of integral equalities involving integrals of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta-function were introduced and it was shown that some of them are equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. A few new equalities of this type are established; contrary to the preceding paper the focus now is on integrals involving the argument of the Riemann zeta-function (imaginary part of logarithm) rather than the logarithm of its module (real part of logarithm). Preliminary results of the numerical resear…
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso（天主教瓦莱帕索大学）
We establish the Langlands-Shahidi method over a global field of characteristic p. We then focus on the unitary groups and prove global and local Langlands functoriality to general linear groups for generic representations. Main applications are to the Ramanujan Conjecture and Riemann Hypothesis.
Let q be a power of a prime p. We prove an assertion of Carlitz which takes q as parameter. Diaz-Vargas' proof of the Riemann Hypothesis for the Goss zeta function for F_p[T] depends on his verification of Carlitz's assertion for the specific case q = p. Our proof of the general case allows us to extend Diaz-Vargas' proof to F_q[T].
Let $ρ(x)=x-[x]$, $χ=χ_{(0,1)}$. In $L_2(0,\infty)$ consider the subspace $\B$ generated by $\{ρ_a | a \geq 1\}$ where $ρ_a(x):=ρ(\frac{1}{ax})$. By the Nyman-Beurling criterion the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement $χ\in\bar{\B}$. For some time it has been conjectured, and proved in this paper, that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the stronger statement that $χ\in\bar{\Bnat}$ where $\Bnat$ is the much smaller subspace generated by $\{ρ_a | a\in\Nat\}$.
Robin's criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to $σ(n) < e^γn \log\log n$ for all integers $n \geq 5041$, where $σ(n)$ is the sum of divisors of $n$ and $γ$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We prove that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that $σ(n) < \frac{e^γ}{2} n \log\log n$ for all odd numbers $n \geq 3^4 \cdot 5^3 \cdot 7^2 \cdot 11 \cdots 67$. Lagarias's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to $σ(n) < H_n + \exp{H_n}\log{H_n}$ for all integers $n \geq 1$, where $H_n$ is the $n$th harmonic number. W…
