The problem of simultaneous decomposition of binary forms as sums of powers of linear forms is studied. For generic forms the minimal number of linear forms needed is found and the space parametrizing all the possible decompositions is described. These results are applied to the study of rational curves.
We study Minkowski sums and Hadamard products of algebraic varieties. Specifically we explore when these are varieties and examine their properties in terms of those of the original varieties.
We study the geometry of some varieties of sums of powers related to the Klein quartic. This allows us to describe the birational geometry of certain moduli spaces of abelian surfaces. In particular we show that the moduli space $\mathcal{A}_2(1,7)^{-}_{sym}$ of $(1,7)$-polarized abelian surfaces with a symmetric theta structure and an odd theta characteristic is unirational by showing that it admits a dominant morphism from a unirational conic bundle.
We compute the Newton--Okounkov bodies of line bundles on a Bott--Samelson resolution of the complete flag variety of $GL_n$ for a geometric valuation coming from a flag of translated Schubert subvarieties. The Bott--Samelson resolution corresponds to the decomposition $(s_1)(s_2s_1)(s_3s_2s_1)(\ldots)(s_{n-1}\ldots s_1)$ of the longest element in the Weyl group, and the Schubert subvarieties correspond to the terminal subwords in this decomposition. We prove that the resulting Newton--Okounkov polytopes for semiample line bundles satisfy the additivity property with respect to the Minkowski s…
K3-surfaces of genus 8 and varieties of sums of powers of cubic fourfolds
本文的主要结果是:6元一般三次型F的表示簇VSP(F,10)是亏格为8的K3曲面的Hilbert平方的变形所得到的光滑辛4重.发表在《纽约时报》上之后。Math.Soc.353,No.4,1455-1468(2001)中,Eyal Markman向我们指出,在定理3.17中,我们无需证明就得出结论,VSP(F,10)应该是另一个三次4-fold上的线的4-fold。我们在e-print“Addendum to K3 surfaces of genus 8 and varieties of sums of powers of cubic fourfolds”(math.AG/0611533)中纠正了这一点,在那里我们建立了一般VSP(F,10)实际上是一个新的辛4-fold,不同于三次4-fold上的线族。
We continue study of some algebraic varieties (called resultantal varieties) started in a paper of A. Grishkov, D. Logachev "Resultantal varieties related to zeroes of L-functions of Carlitz modules". These varieties are related with the Sylvester matrix for the resultant of two polynomials, from one side, and with the L-functions of twisted Carlitz modules, from another side. Surprisingly, these varieties are described in terms of finite weighted rooted binary trees. We give a (conjecturally) complete description of them, we find parametrizations of their irreducible components and their inva…
We bound the Pythagoras number of a real projective subvariety: the smallest positive integer $r$ such that every sum of squares of linear forms in its homogeneous coordinate ring is a sum of at most $r$ squares. Enhancing existing methods, we exhibit three distinct upper bounds involving known invariants. In contrast, our lower bound depends on a new invariant of a projective subvariety called the quadratic persistence. Defined by projecting away from points, this numerical invariant is closely related to the linear syzygies of the variety. In addition, we classify the projective subvarieties…
We study the complexity of approximating complex zero sets of certain $n$-variate exponential sums. We show that the real part, $R$, of such a zero set can be approximated by the $(n-1)$-dimensional skeleton, $T$, of a polyhedral subdivision of $\mathbb{R}^n$. In particular, we give an explicit upper bound on the Hausdorff distance: $Δ(R,T) =O\left(t^{3.5}/δ\right)$, where $t$ and $δ$ are respectively the number of terms and the minimal spacing of the frequencies of $g$. On the side of computational complexity, we show that even the $n=2$ case of the membership problem for $R$ is undecidable i…
We give a complete description of all solutions to the equation $f_1^3 + f_2^3 = f_3^3 + f_4^3$ for quadratic forms $f_j \in \mathbb C[x,y]$ and show how Ramanujan's example can be extended to three equal sums of pairs of cubes. We also give a complete census in counting the number of ways a sextic $p \in \mathbb C[x,y]$ can be written as a sum of two cubes. The extreme example is $p(x,y) = xy(x^4-y^4)$, which has six such representations.
The cone $\mathcal{P}_{n+1,2d}$ ($n,d\in\mathbb{N}$) of all positive semidefinite (PSD) real forms in $n+1$ variables of degree $2d$ contains the subcone $Σ_{n+1,2d}$ of those that are representable as finite sums of squares (SOS) of real forms of half degree $d$. In 1888, Hilbert proved that these cones coincide exactly in the Hilbert cases $(n+1,2d)$ with $n+1=2$ or $2d=2$ or $(n+1,2d)=(3,4)$. To establish the strict inclusion $Σ_{n+1,2d}\subsetneq\mathcal{P}_{n+1,2d}$ in any non-Hilbert case, one can show that verifying the assertion in the basic non-Hilbert cases $(4,4)$ and $(3,6)$ suffic…
The Hankel index of a real variety $X$ is an invariant that quantifies the difference between nonnegative quadrics and sums of squares on $X$. In [5], the authors proved an intriguing bound on the Hankel index in terms of the Green-Lazarsfeld index, which measures the "linearity" of the minimal free resolution of the ideal of $X$. In all previously known cases this bound was tight. We provide the first class of examples where the bound is not tight; in fact the difference between Hankel index and Green-Lazarsfeld index can be arbitrarily large. Our examples are outer projections of rational no…
We study real ternary forms whose real rank equals the generic complex rank, and we characterize the semialgebraic set of sums of powers representations with that rank. Complete results are obtained for quadrics and cubics. For quintics we determine the real rank boundary: it is a hypersurface of degree 168. For quartics, sextics and septics we identify some of the components of the real rank boundary. The real varieties of sums of powers are stratified by discriminants that are derived from hyperdeterminants.
A celebrated result by Hilbert says that every real nonnegative ternary quartic is a sum of three squares. We show more generally that every nonnegative quadratic form on a real projective variety $X$ of minimal degree is a sum of $\dim(X)+1$ squares of linear forms. This strengthens one direction of a recent result due to Blekherman, Smith, and Velasco. Our upper bound is the best possible, and it implies the existence of low-rank factorizations of positive semidefinite bivariate matrix polynomials and representations of biforms as sums of few squares. We determine the number of equivalence c…
We show that the algebraic boundaries of the regions of real binary forms with fixed typical rank are always unions of dual varieties to suitable coincident root loci.
We describe the algebraic boundaries of the regions of real binary forms with fixed typical rank and of degree at most eight, showing that they are dual varieties of suitable coincident root loci.