Kang et al. provided a path realization of the crystal graph of a highest weight module over a quantum affine algebra, as certain semi-infinite tensor products of a single perfect crystal. In this paper, this result is generalized to give a realization of the tensor product of several highest weight modules. The underlying building blocks of the paths are finite tensor products of several perfect crystals. The motivation for this work is an interpretation of fermionic formulas, which arise from the combinatorics of Bethe Ansatz studies of solvable lattice models, as branching functions of affine Lie algebras. It is shown that the conditions for the tensor product theorem are satisfied for coherent families of crystals previously studied by Kang, Kashiwara and Misra, and the coherent family of crystals $\{B^{k,l}\}_{l\ge 1}$ of type $A_n^{(1)}$.
The actions of 0-Kashiwara operators on the $U'_q(G_2^{(1)})$-crystal $B_l$ in [Yamane S., J. Algebra 210 (1998), 440-486] are made explicit by using a similarity technique from that of a $U'_q(D_4^{(3)})$-crystal. It is shown that $\{B_l\}_{l\ge1}$ forms a coherent family of perfect crystals.
Let g be an affine Lie algebra and g^L be its Langlands dual. It is conjectured that g has a positive geometric crystal whose ultra-discretization is isomorphic to the limit of certain coherent family of perfect crystals for g^L. We prove that the ultra-discretization of the positive geometric crystal for g = D_4^3 given by Igarashi and Nakashima is isomorphic to the limit of the coherent family of perfect crystals for g^L= G_2^1 constructed recently by Misra, Mohamad and Okado.
The notion of perfect crystals was introduced in "Perfect Crystal and Vertex Models", (Internat. J. Modern Phys. A7(1992)449-484) by S-J. Kang et al. In this paper, we give a series of perfect crystals of $U_q(G_2^{(1)})$.
For every non-exceptional affine Lie algebra, we explicitly construct a positive geometric crystal associated with a fundamental representation. We also show that its ultra-discretization is isomorphic to the limit of certain perfect crystals of the Langlands dual affine Lie algebra.
The affine Dynkin diagram of type $A_n^{(1)}$ has a cyclic symmetry. The analogue of this Dynkin diagram automorphism on the level of crystals is called a promotion operator. In this paper we show that the only irreducible type $A_n$ crystals which admit a promotion operator are the highest weight crystals indexed by rectangles. In addition we prove that on the tensor product of two type $A_n$ crystals labeled by rectangles, there is a single connected promotion operator. We conjecture this to be true for an arbitrary number of tensor factors. Our results are in agreement with Kashiwara's conj…
We give a new realization of arbitrary level perfect crystals and arbitrary level irreducible highest weight crystals of type $D_n^{(1)}$, in the language of Young walls. The notions of splitting of blocks and slices play crucial roles in the construction of crystals. The perfect crystals are realized as the set of equivalence classes of slices. And the irreducible highest weight crystals are realized as the affine crystals consisting of reduced proper Young walls which, in turn, are concatenations of slices.
Assuming the existence of the perfect crystal bases of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules over simply-laced quantum affine algebras, we construct certain perfect crystals for twisted quantum affine algebras, and also provide compelling evidence that the constructed crystals are isomorphic to the conjectural crystal bases of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules over twisted quantum affine algebras.
In this paper, we study a tensor product of perfect Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystals (KR crystals for short) whose levels are not necessarily equal. We show that, by tensoring with a certain highest weight element, such a crystal becomes isomorphic as a full subgraph to a certain disjoint union of Demazure crystals contained in a tensor product of highest weight crystals. Moreover, we show that this isomorphism preserves their gradings, where the grading on the tensor product of KR crystals is given by the energy function, and that on the other side is given by the minus of the action of the degr…
Answering a question of Kuniba, Misra, Okado, Takagi, and Uchiyama, it is shown that certain Demazure characters of affine type A, coincide with the graded characters of coordinate rings of closures of conjugacy classes of nilpotent matrices. This entails a translation of the affine type A crystal theory into the language of tableaux following Nakayashiki and Yamada, for the case of tensor products of the classical crystals indexed by rectangular partitions. In particular the explicit action of the zero-th crystal raising operator on the above crystals is given, and its direct connection with …
Demazure crystals are subcrystals of highest weight irreducible $\mathfrak{g}$-crystals. In this article, we study tensor products of a larger class of subcrystals, called extremal, and give a local characterization for exactly when the tensor product of Demazure crystals is extremal. We then show that tensor products of Demazure crystals decompose into direct sums of Demazure crystals if and only if the tensor product is extremal, thus providing a sufficient and necessary local criterion for when the tensor product of Demazure crystals is itself Demazure. As an application, we show that the p…
We obtain the affirmative answer to the conjecture in [15]. More precisely, let X be the affine geometric crystal of type G^(1)_2 in [15] and UD(X,T,θ) a ultra-discretization of X with respect to a certain positive structure θ. Then we show that UD(X,T,θ) is isomorphic to the limit of coherent family of perfect crystals of type D^(3)_4 in [7].
A perfect crystal of any level is constructed for the Kirillov-Reshetikhin module of $U_q(D_4^{(3)})$ corresponding to the middle vertex of the Dynkin diagram. The actions of Kashiwara operators are given explicitly. It is also shown that this family of perfect crystals is coherent. A uniqueness problem solved in this paper can be applied to other quantum affine algebras.
We give a criterion for the Demazure crystal $B_w(λ)$ defined by Kashiwara to have a tensor product structure. We study the $\sln$ symmetric tensor case, and see some Demazure characters are expressed using Kostka-Foulkes polynomials.
A Demazure crystal is the basis at $q=0$ of a Demazure module. Demazure crystals play an important role in Schubert calculus because the character of a Demazure crystal in type A is identical to a key polynomial, which is closely related to Schubert polynomials. In this paper, we study tensor products of Demazure crystals. Each connected component of a tensor product of Demazure crystals need not be isomorphic to some Demazure crystal. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for every connected component of a tensor product to be isomorphic to some Demazure crystal. Also, we obtain the…
Let $\mathfrak g$ be an affine Lie algebra with index set $I = \{0, 1, 2, \cdots , n\}$ and ${\mathfrak g}^L$ be its Langlands dual. It is conjectured by Kashiwara et al.([16]) that for each $k \in I \setminus \{0\}$ the affine Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ has a positive geometric crystal whose ultra-discretization is isomorphic to the limit of certain coherent family of perfect crystals for ${\mathfrak g}^L$. Motivated by this conjecture we construct a positive geometric crystal for the affine Lie algebra ${\mathfrak g}= A^{(1)}_n$ for each Dynkin index $k\in I\setminus\{0\}$ and show that its u…
We present a uniform construction of level 1 perfect crystals $\mathcal B$ for all affine Lie algebras. We also introduce the notion of a crystal algebra and give an explicit description of its multiplication. This allows us to determine the energy function on $\mathcal B \otimes \mathcal B$ completely and thereby give a path realization of the basic representations at $q=0$ in the homogeneous picture.
A new box ball system associated with an antisymmetric tensor crystal of the quantum affine algebra of type A is considered. This includes the so-called colored box ball system with capacity 1 as the simplest case. Infinite number of conserved quantities are constructed and the scattering rule of two olitons are given explicitly.
In a recent work, Keith and Xiong gave a refinement of Glaisher's theorem by using a Sylvester-style bijection. In this paper, we introduce two families of colored partitions, flat and regular partitions, and generalize the bijection of Keith and Xiong to these partitions. We then state two results, the first at degree one, where partitions have parts with primary colors, and the second result at degree two for secondary-colored partitions, using the result of the first paper of this series. These results allow us to easily retrieve the Frenkel-Kac character formulas of level one standard modu…
Let $g$ be an affine Lie algebra with index set $I = \{0, 1, 2, \cdots , n\}$ and $g^L$ be its Langlands dual. It is conjectured that for each Dynkin node $i \in I \setminus \{0\}$ the affine Lie algebra $g$ has a positive geometric crystal whose ultra-discretization is isomorphic to the limit of certain coherent family of perfect crystals for $g^L$. In this paper we construct a positive geometric crystal $V(D_5^{(1)})$ in the level zero fundamental spin $D_5^{(1)}$- module $W(\varpi_5)$. Then we define explicit $0$-action on the level $l$ known $D_5^{(1)}$- perfect crystal $B^{5, l}$ and show…
Motivated by the work of Nakayashiki on the inhomogeneous vertex models of 6-vertex type, we introduce the notion of crystals with head. We show that the tensor product of the highest weight crystal of level k and the perfect crystal of level l is isomorphic to the tensor product of the perfect crystal of level l-k and the highest weight crystal of level k.
In the first paper of this series, we gave infinite families of coloured partition identities which generalise Primc's and Capparelli's classical identities. In this second paper, we study the representation theoretic consequences of our combinatorial results. First, we show that the difference conditions we defined in our $n^2$-coloured generalisation of Primc's identity, which have a very simple expression, are actually the energy function with values in $\{0,1,2\}$ for the perfect crystal of the tensor product of the vector representation and its dual in $A_{n-1}^{(1)}$. Then we introduce a…
We show that a tensor product of nonexceptional type Kirillov--Reshetikhin (KR) crystals is isomorphic to a direct sum of Demazure crystals; we do this in the mixed level case and without the perfectness assumption, thus generalizing a result of Naoi. We use this result to show that, given two tensor products of such KR crystals with the same maximal weight, after removing certain $0$-arrows, the two connected components containing the minimal/maximal elements are isomorphic. Based on the latter fact, we reduce a tensor product of higher level perfect KR crystals to one of single-column KR cry…
A soliton cellular automaton associated with crystals of symmetric tensor representations of the quantum affine algebra U'_q(A^{(1)}_M) is introduced. It is a crystal theoretic formulation of the generalized box-ball system in which capacities of boxes and carriers are arbitrary and inhomogeneous. Scattering matrices of two solitons coincide with the combinatorial R matrices of U'_q(A^{(1)}_{M-1}). A piecewise linear evolution equation of the automaton is identified with an ultradiscrete limit of the nonautonomous discrete KP equation. A class of N soliton solutions is obtained through the ult…
Crystal tensor operators, which tranform under U_q->0(sl(2)), in analogous way as the vectors of the crystal basis, are introduced. The Wigner-Eckart theorem for the crystal tensor is defined: the selection rules depend on the initial state and on the component of the tensor operator; the transition amplitudes to the states of the same final irreducible representation are all equal.
Using Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths, we give a combinatorial realization of the crystal basis of an extremal weight module of integral extremal weight over the quantized universal enveloping algebra associated to the infinite rank affine Lie algebra of type $B_{\infty}$, $C_{\infty}$, or $D_{\infty}$. Moreover, via this realization, we obtain an explicit description (in terms of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients) of how tensor products of these crystal bases decompose into connected components when their extremal weights are of nonnegative levels. These results, in types $B_{\infty}$, $C_{\infty}…
In this paper we describe a theory of (branched) crystals which is adapted to the study of representations in the BGG category $\cal O$ and which generalizes the theory of normal crystals of Kashiwara. In the case of $sl_2$ we show that one can associate (uniquely up to isomorphism) to every module in $\cal O$ a branched crystal . We show that the indecomposable modules in \cal O$ correspond to "indecomposable" branched crystals. We also define the tensor product of these crystals and show that for $sl_2$ the indecomposable components of the tensor product of branched crystals are the same as …
