Let $A$ be an algebra over a commutative ring $R$. If $R$ is noetherian and $A^\circ$ is pure in $R^A$, then the categories of rational left $A$-modules and right $A^\circ$-comodules are isomorphic. In the Hopf algebra case, we can also strengthen the Blattner-Montgomery duality theorem. Finally, we give sufficient conditions to get the purity of $A^\circ$ in $R^A$.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$. For a loop $\circlearrowleft$, denote its path coalgebra by $k\circlearrowleft$. In this paper, all the finite-dimensional commutative Hopf algebras over the sub coalgebras of $k\circlearrowleft$ are given. As a direct consequence, all the commutative infinitesimal groups $\mathcal{G}$ with dim$_{k}$Lie$(\mathcal{G})=1$ are classified.
The main purpose of this paper is to unify the theory of actions of Hopf algebras, weak Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebras to one of actions of weak multiplier Hopf algebras introduced by A. Van Daele and S. H. Wang. Using such developed actions, we will define the notion of a module algebra over weak multiplier Hopf algebras and construct their smash products. The main result is the duality theorem for actions and their dual actions on the smash product of weak multiplier Hopf algebras. As an application, we recover the main results found in the literature for weak Hopf algebras, mult…
In this paper we prove that if $R$ is a commutative, reduced, local ring, then $R$ is Hopfian if and only if the ring $R[x]$ is Hopfian. This answers a question of Varadarajan, in the case when $R$ is a reduced local ring. We provide examples of non-Noetherian Hopfian commutative domains by proving that the finite dimensional domains are Hopfian. Also, we derive some general results related to Hopfian rings.
We completely describe the nucleous and the image of the application defined in [8], when all tensor products are over a field. Moreover, we study a relationship with the results obtained in [5].
In formulating a generalized framework to study certain noncommutative algebras naturally arising in representation theory, K. A. Brown asked if every finitely generated Hopf algebra satisfying a polynomial identity was finite over a normal commutative Hopf subalgebra. In this note we show that Radford's biproduct, applied to the enveloping algebra of the Lie superalgebra pl(1,1), provides a noetherian prime counterexample.
A half-commutative orthogonal Hopf algebra is a Hopf *-algebra generated by the self-adjoint coefficients of an orthogonal matrix corepresentation $v=(v_{ij})$ that half commute in the sense that $abc=cba$ for any $a,b,c \in \{v_{ij}\}$. The first non-trivial such Hopf algebras were discovered by Banica and Speicher. We propose a general procedure, based on a crossed product construction, that associates to a self-transpose compact subgroup $G \subset U_n$ a half-commutative orthogonal Hopf algebra $\mathcal A_*(G)$. It is shown that any half-commutative orthogonal Hopf algebra arises in this …
Let $(A,Δ)$ be a weak multiplier Hopf algebra. It is a pair of a non-degenerate algebra $A$, with or without identity, and a coproduct $Δ$ on $A$, satisfying certain properties. The main difference with multiplier Hopf algebras is that now, the canonical maps $T_1$ and $T_2$ on $A\otimes A$, defined by $$T_1(a\otimes b)=Δ(a)(1\otimes b) \qquad\quad\text{and}\qquad\quad T_2(c\otimes a)=(c\otimes 1)Δ(a),$$ are no longer assumed to be bijective. Also recall that a weak multiplier Hopf algebra is called regular if its antipode is a bijective map from $A$ to itself. In this paper, we introduce and …
The finite dual $H^{\circ}$ of an affine commutative-by-finite Hopf algebra $H$ is studied. Such a Hopf algebra $H$ is an extension of an affine commutative Hopf algebra $A$ by a finite dimensional Hopf algebra $F$. The main theorem gives natural conditions under which $H^{\circ}$ decomposes as a crossed or smash product of $F^{\ast}$ by the finite dual of $A$. This decomposition is then further analysed using the Cartier- Gabriel-Kostant theorem to obtain component Hopf subalgebras of $H^{\circ}$ mapping onto the classical components of $A^{\circ}$. The detailed consequences for a number of f…
The objects of study in this paper are Hopf algebras $H$ which are finitely generated algebras over an algebraically closed field and are extensions of a commutative Hopf algebra by a finite dimensional Hopf algebra. Basic structural and homological properties are recalled and classes of examples are listed. Bounds are obtained on the dimensions of simple $H$-modules, and the structure of $H$ is shown to be severely constrained when the finite dimensional extension is semisimple and cosemisimple.
Algebraic quantum groupoids have been developed by two of the authors (AVD and SHW) of this note in a series of papers. Regular multiplier Hopf algebroids are obtained also by two authors (TT and AVD). Integral theory and duality for those have been studied by one author here (TT). Finally, again two authors of us (TT and AVD) have investigated the relation between weak multiplier Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebroids. In the paper 'Weak multiplier Hopf algebras III. Integrals and duality' (by AVD and SHW), one of the main results is that the dual of an algebraic quantum groupoid, admit…
In this paper, we begin a systematic study of modified Rota-Baxter algebras, as an associative analogue of the modified classical Yang-Baxter equation. We construct free commutative modified Rota-Baxter algebras by a variation of the shuffle product and describe the structure both recursively and explicitly. We then provide these algebras with a Hopf algebra structure by applying a Hochschild cocycle.
In this work, the cohomology theory for partial actions of co-commutative Hopf algebras over commutative algebras is formulated. This theory generalizes the cohomology theory for Hopf algebras introduced by Sweedler and the cohomology theory for partial group actions, introduced by Dokuchaev and Khrypchenko. Some nontrivial examples, not coming from groups are constructed. Given a partial action of a co-commutative Hopf algebra $H$ over a commutative algebra $A$, we prove that there exists a new Hopf algebra $\widetilde{A}$, over a commutative ring $E(A)$, upon which $H$ still acts partially a…
The so called induction functors appear in several areas of Algebra in different forms. Interesting examples are the induction functors in the Theory of Affine Algebraic groups. In this note we investigate the so called Hopf pairings (bialgebra pairings) and use them to study induction functors for affine group schemes over arbitrary commutative ground rings. We present also a special type of Hopf pairings (bialgebra pairings), satisfying the so called $α$-condition. For those pairings the induction functor is studied and a nice description of it is obtained. Along the paper several interestin…
We uncover the structure of the space of symmetric functions in non-commutative variables by showing that the underlined Hopf algebra is both free and co-free. We also introduce the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions in non-commutative variables and define the product and coproduct on the monomial basis of this space and show that this Hopf algebra is free and cofree. In the process of looking for bases which generate the space we define orders on the set partitions and set compositions which allow us to define bases which have simple and natural rules for the product of basis elements.
We give a coring version for the duality theorem for actions and coactions of a finitely generated projective Hopf algebra. We also provide a coring analogue for a theorem of H.-J. Schneider, which generalizes and unifies the duality theorem for finite Hopf algebras and its refinements.
We consider the combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equation X=B^+(P(X)) in the non-commutative Connes-KreimerHopf algebra of planar rooted trees H, where B^+ is the operator of grafting on a root, and P a formal series. The unique solution X of this equation generates a graded subalgebra A_P of\H. We describe all the formal series P such that A_P is a Hopf subalgebra. We obtain in this way a 2-parameters family of Hopf subalgebras of H, organized into three isomorphism classes: a first one, restricted to a olynomial ring in one variable; a second one, restricted to the Hopf subalgebra of ladders, i…
Motivated by the Hopf algebra structures established on free commutative Rota-Baxter algebras, we explore Hopf algebra related structures on free commutative Nijenhuis algebras. Applying a cocycle condition, we first prove that a free commutative Nijenhuis algebra on a left counital bialgebra (in the sense that the right-sided counicity needs not hold) can be enriched to a left counital bialgebra. We then establish a general result that a connected graded left counital bialgebra is a left counital right antipode Hopf algebra in the sense that the antipode is also only right-sided. We finally a…
This paper extends classical results in the invariant theory of finite groups and finite group schemes to the actions of finite Hopf algebras on commutative rings.
We prove a twisted Poincaré duality for (full) Hopf algebroids with bijective antipode. As an application, we recover the Hochschild twisted Poincaré duality of Van Den Bergh [VDB]. We also get a Poisson twisted Poincaré duality, which was already stated for oriented Poisson manifolds in [CLYZ].
Let H be a semisimple (so, finite dimensional) Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero and let A be a commutative domain over k. We show that if A arises as an H-module algebra via an inner faithful H-action, then H must be a group algebra. This answers a question of E. Kirkman and J. Kuzmanovich and partially answers a question of M. Cohen. The main results of this article extend to working over k of positive characteristic. On the other hand, we obtain results on Hopf actions on Weyl algebras as a consequence of the main theorem.
To any poset or quasi-poset is attached a lattice polytope, whose Ehrhart polynomial we study from a Hopf-algebraic point of view. We use for this two interacting bialgebras on quasi-posets. The Ehrhart polynomial defines a Hopf algebra morphism taking its values in Q[X], we deduce from the interacting bialgebras an algebraic proof of the duality principle, a generalization and a new proof of a result on B-series due to Whright and Zhao, using a monoid of characters on quasi-posets, and a generalization of Faulhaber's formula. We also give non-commutative versions of these results: polynomials…
Let $H$ be an infinite-dimensional braided Hopf algebra and assume that the braiding is symmetric on $H$ and its quasi-dual $H^d$. We prove the Blattner-Montgomery duality theorem, namely we prove $$ (R # H)# H^{d} \cong R \otimes (H # H^{d}) \hbox {as algebras in braided tensor category} {\cal C}.$$ In particular, we present two duality theorems for infinite braided Hopf algebras in the Yetter-Drinfeld module category.
Based on a pairing of two regular multiplier Hopf algebras $A$ and $B$, Heisenberg double $\mathscr{H}$ is the smash product $A \# B$ with respect to the left regular action of $B$ on $A$. Let $\mathscr{D}=A\bowtie B$ be the Drinfel'd double, then Heisenberg double $\mathscr{H}$ is a Yetter-Drinfel'd $\mathscr{D}$-module algebra, and it is also braided commutative by the braiding of Yetter-Drinfel'd module, which generalizes the results in [10] to some infinite dimensional cases.
In this paper we completely classify nontrivial semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 16. We also compute all the possible structures of the Grothendieck ring of semisimple non-commutative Hopf algebras of dimension 16. Moreover, we prove that non-commutative semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension p^n, p is prime, cannot have a cyclic group of grouplikes.
We generalize the Wiener-Hopf factorization of Laurent series to more general commutative coefficient rings, and we give explicit formulas for the decomposition. We emphasize the algebraic nature of this factorization.
Let $L/K$ be a Galois extension of fields with Galois group $G$, an elementary abelian $p$-group of rank $n$ for $p$ an odd prime. It is known that nilpotent $\mathbb{F}_p$-algebra structures $A$ on $G$ yield regular subgroups of the holomorph of $G$, hence Hopf Galois structures on $L/K$. In this paper we illustrate the richness of Hopf Galois structures on $L/K$ by examining the case where $A$ is abelian of dimension $n$ where the dimension of $A^2 = 1$. We determine the number of Hopf Galois structures that arise in these cases, describe those structures explicitly, and estimate the extent …
Let $H$ be a finite Hopf algebra with $C_{H,H} = C_{H,H}^{-1}.$ The duality theorem is shown for $H$, i.e., $$ (R # H)# H^{\hat *} \cong R \otimes (H \bar \otimes H^{\hat *}) \hbox {as algebras in} {\cal C}.$$ Also, it is proved that the Drinfeld double $(D(H),[b])$ is a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra in ${\cal C}$.
The theory of operated algebras has played a pivotal role in mathematics and physics. In this paper, we introduce a $λ$-TD algebra that appropriately includes both the Rota-Baxter algebra and the TD-algebra. The explicit construction of free commutative $λ$-TD algebra on a commutative algebra is obtained by generalized shuffle products, called $λ$-TD shuffle products. We then show that the free commutative $λ$-TD algebra possesses a left counital bialgera structure by means of a suitable 1-cocycle condition. Furthermore, the classical result that every connected filtered bialgebra is a Hopf al…
For any graded bialgebras $A$ and $B$, we define a commutative graded algebra $A_B$ representing the functor of $B$-representations of $A$. When $A$ is a cocommutative graded Hopf algebra and $B$ is a commutative ungraded Hopf algebra, we introduce a method deriving a Gerstenhaber bracket in $A_B$ from a Fox pairing in $A$ and a balanced biderivation in $B$. Our construction is inspired by Van den Bergh's non-commutative Poisson geometry, and may be viewed as an algebraic generalization of the Atiyah--Bott--Goldman Poisson structures on moduli spaces of representations of surface groups.
We develop the Tannaka-Krein duality for monoidal functors with target in the categories of bimodules over a ring. The $\coend$ of such a functor turns out to be a Hopf algebroid over this ring. Using the result of a previous paper we characterize a small abelian, locally finite rigid monoidal category as the category of rigid comodules over a transitive Hopf algebroid.
The aim of this paper is to establish a duality between the category of discrete groupoids and the category of geometrically transitive commutative Hopf algebroids in the sense of P. Deligne and A. Bruguières. In one direction we have the usual contravariant functor which assigns to each Hopf algebroid its characters groupoid (the fiber groupoid at the ground field). In the other direction we construct the contravariant functor which associated to each discrete groupoid its Hopf algebroid of representative functions. This duality extends the well known duality between discrete groups and commu…
Many related products and coproducts (e.g. Hadamard, Cauchy, Kronecker, induction, internal, external, Solomon, composition, Malvenuto-Reutenauer, convolution, etc.) have been defined in the following objects : species, representations of the symmetric groups, symmetric functions, endomorphisms of graded connected Hopf algebras, permutations, non-commutative symmetric functions, quasi-symmetric functions, etc. With the purpose of simplifying and unifying this diversity we introduce yet, another -non graded- product the Heisenberg product, that for the highest and lowest degrees produces the cl…
In this paper, we introduce and investigate \emph{bisemialgebras}and\emph{\ Hopf semialgebras} over commutative semirings. We generalize to the semialgebraic context several results on bialgebras and Hopf algebras over rings including the main reconstruction theorems and the \emph{Fundamental Theorem of Hopf Algebras}. We also provide a notion of \emph{quantum monoids} as Hopf semialgebras which are neither commutative nor cocommutative; this extends the Hopf algebraic notion of a quantum group. The generalization to the semialgebraic context is neither trivial nor straightforward due to the n…
We introduce a coloured generalization $\mathrm{NSym}_A$ of the Hopf algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions described as a subalgebra of the of rooted ordered coloured trees Hopf algebra. Its natural basis can be identified with the set of sentences over alphabet $A$ (the set of colours). We present also its graded dual algebra $\mathrm{QSym}_A$ of coloured quasi-symmetric functions together with its realization in terms of power series in partially commutative variables. We provide formulas expressing multiplication, comultiplication and the antipode for these Hopf algebras in various…
We explore special features of the pair (U^*, U_*) formed by the right and left dual over a (left) bialgebroid U in case the bialgebroid is, in particular, a left Hopf algebroid. It turns out that there exists a bialgebroid morphism S^* from one dual to another that extends the construction of the antipode on the dual of a Hopf algebra, and which is an isomorphism if U is both a left and right Hopf algebroid. This structure is derived from Phung's categorical equivalence between left and right comodules over U without the need of a (Hopf algebroid) antipode, a result which we review and extend…
Let E be a locally free, rank n bimodule over a smooth projective scheme X, and let A be the non-commutative symmetric algebra generated by E. We construct an internal Hom functor on the category of graded right A-modules. When E has rank 2, we prove that A is Gorenstein by computing the right derived functors of the internal Hom functor. When X is a smooth projective variety, we use the Gorensteinness of A to prove a version of Serre duality on Proj A, the non-commutative P^1 bundle defined by A.
We show how, under certain conditions, an adjoint pair of braided monoidal functors can be lifted to an adjoint pair between categories of Hopf algebras. This leads us to an abstract version of Michaelis' theorem, stating that given a Hopf algebra $H$, there is a natural isomorphism of Lie algebras $Q(H)^*\cong P(H^\circ)$, where $Q(H)^*$ is the dual Lie algebra of the Lie coalgebra of indecomposables of $H$, and $P(H^\circ)$ is the Lie algebra of primitive elements of the Sweedler dual of $H$. We apply our theory to Turaev's Hopf group-(co)algebras.
This paper is a written form of a talk. It gives a review of various notions of Galois (and in particular cleft) extensions. Extensions by coalgebras,bialgebras and Hopf algebras (over a commutative base ring) and by corings,bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids (over a non-commutative base algebra) are systematically recalled and compared. In the first version of this paper, the journal version of [15, Theorem 2.6] was heavily used, in two respects. First, it was applied to establish an isomorphism between the comodule categories of two constituent bialgebroids in a Hopf algebroid. Second, it was …
Wick polynomials and Wick products are studied in the context of non-commutative probability theory. It is shown that free, boolean and conditionally free Wick polynomials can be defined and related through the action of the group of characters over a particular Hopf algebra. These results generalize our previous developments of a Hopf algebraic approach to cumulants and Wick products in classical probability theory.
We show that the functor of $p$-typical co-Witt vectors on commutative algebras over a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p$ is defined on, and in fact only depends on, a weaker structure than that of a $k$-algebra. We call this structure a $p$-polar $k$-algebra. By extension, the functors of points for any $p$-adic affine commutative group scheme and for any formal group are defined on, and only depend on, $p$-polar structures. In terms of abelian Hopf algebras, we show that a cofree cocommutative Hopf algebra can be defined on any $p$-polar $k$-algebra $P$, and it agrees with the cofree co…
The duality between partial actions (partial $H$-module algebras) and co-actions (partial $H$-comodule algebras) of a Hopf algebra $H$ is fully explored in this work. A connection between partial (co)actions and Hopf algebroids is established under certain commutativity conditions. Moreover, we continue this duality study, introducing also partial $H$-module coalgebras and their associated $C$-rings, partial $H$-comodule coalgebras and their associated cosmash coproducts, as well as the mutual interrelations between these structures.
In this work, the notion of a quantum inverse semigroup is introduced as a linearized generalization of inverse semigroups. Beyond the algebra of an inverse semigroup, which is the natural example of a quantum inverse semigroup, several other examples of this new structure are presented in different contexts, those are related to Hopf algebras, weak Hopf algebras, partial actions and Hopf categories. Finally, a generalized notion of local bisections are defined for commutative Hopf algebroids over a commutative base algebra giving rise to new examples of quantum inverse semigroups associated t…
The aim of the present paper is to extend the dualizing object approach to Stone duality to the non-commutative setting of skew Boolean algebras. This continues the study of non-commutative generalizations of different forms of Stone duality initiated in recent papers by Bauer and Cvetko-Vah, Lawson, Lawson and Lenz, Resende, and also the current author. In particular, we construct a series of dual adjunctions between the categories of Boolean spaces and skew Boolean algebras, unital versions of which are induced by dualizing objects ${0,1,..., n+1}$, $n\geq 0$. We describe Eilenberg-Moore cat…
We consider graded representations of the algebra NC of noncommutative symmetric functions on the Z-linear span of a graded poset P. The matrix coefficients of such a representation give a Hopf morphism from a Hopf algebra HP generated by the intervals of P to the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. This provides a unified construction of quasi-symmetric generating functions from different branches of algebraic combinatorics, and this construction is useful for transferring techniques and ideas between these branches. In particular we show that the (Hopf) algebra of Billera and Liu rela…
This is a study on pattern Hopf algebras in combinatorial structures. We introduce the notion of combinatorial presheaf, by adapting the algebraic framework of species to the study of substructures in combinatorics. Afterwards, we consider functions that count the number of patterns of objects and endow the linear span of these functions with a product and a coproduct. In this way, any well behaved family of combinatorial objects that admits a notion of substructure generates a Hopf algebra, and this association is functorial. For example, the Hopf algebra on permutations studied by Vargas in …
We study the Yetter--Drinfeld D(B)-module algebra structure on the Heisenberg double H(B^*) endowed with a "heterotic" action of the Drinfeld double D(B). This action can be interpreted in the spirit of Lu's description of H(B^*) as a twist of D(B). In terms of the braiding of Yetter--Drinfeld modules, H(B^*) is braided commutative. By the Brzezinski--Militaru theorem, H(B^*)#D(B) is then a Hopf algebroid over H(B^*). For B a particular Taft Hopf algebra at a 2p-th root of unity, the construction is adapted to yield Yetter--Drinfeld module algebras over the 2p^3-dimensional quantum group U_q(s…
Let $k$ be a commutative ring, $H$ a faithfully flat Hopf algebra with bijective antipode, $A$ a $k$-flat right $H$-comodule algebra. We investigate when a relative Hopf module is projective over the subring of coinvariants $B=A^{{\rm co}H}$, and we study the semisimplicity of the category of relative Hopf modules.
We prove that the category of left-handed strongly distributive skew lattices with zero and proper homomorphisms is dually equivalent to a category of sheaves over local Priestley spaces. Our result thus provides a non-commutative version of classical Priestley duality for distributive lattices and generalizes the recent development of Stone duality for skew Boolean algebras. From the point of view of skew lattices, Leech showed early on that any strongly distributive skew lattice can be embedded in the skew lattice of partial functions on some set with the operations being given by restrictio…
We give functorial recipes to get, out of any Hopf algebra over a field, two pairs of Hopf algebras which have some geometrical content. When the ground field has characteristic zero, the first pair is made by a function algebra over a connected Poisson group and a universal enveloping algebra over a Lie bialgebra. In addition, the Poisson group as a variety is an affine space, and the Lie bialgebra as a Lie algebra is graded. Forgetting these last details, the second pair is of the same type. When the Hopf algebra H we start from is already of geometric type the result involves Poisson dualit…
Masuoka proved (2009) that a finite-dimensional irreducible Hopf algebra $H$ in positive characteristic is semisimple if and only if it is commutative semisimple if and only if the Hopf subalgebra generated by all primitives is semisimple. In this paper, we give another proof of this result by using Hochschild cohomology of coalgebras.
We construct a class of non-commutative, non-cocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $2n^2$ and present conditions to define an inner faithful action of these Hopf algebras on quantum polynomial algebras, providing, in this way, more examples of semisimple Hopf actions which do not factor through group actions. Also, under certain condition, we classify the inner faithful Hopf actions of the Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra of dimension $8$, $H_8$, on the quantum plane.
We study quasi-Hopf algebras and their subobjects over certain commutative rings from the point of view of Frobenius algebras. We introduce a type of Radford formula involving an anti-automorphism and the Nakayama automorphism of a Frobenius algebra, then view several results in quantum algebras from this vantage-point. In addition, separability and strong separability of quasi-Hopf algebras are studied as Frobenius algebras.