David A. Cox
The revised version has two additional references and a shorter proof of Proposition 5.7. This version also makes numerous small changes and has an appendix containing a proof of the degree formula for a parametrized surface.
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The goal of this note is to quantitatively study the behavior of asymptotic syzygies for certain toric surfaces, including Hirzebruch surfaces. In particular, we show that the asymptotic linear syzygies of Hirzebruch surfaces embedded by $\mathcal{O}(d,2)$ conform to Ein, Erman, and Lazarsfeld's normality heuristic. We also show that the higher degree asymptotic syzygies are not asymptotically normally distributed.
Let $S$ be a parametric surface in $\proj{3}$ given as the image of $ϕ: \proj{1} \times \proj{1} \to \proj{3}$. This paper will show that the use of syzygies in the form of a combination of moving planes and moving quadrics provides a valid method for finding the implicit equation of $S$ when certain base points are present. This work extends the algorithm provided by Cox for when $ϕ$ has no base points, and it is an analogous to some of the results of Busé, Cox and D'Andrea for the case when $ϕ: \proj{2} \to \proj{3}$ has base points.
Based on a recent result of Voisin [2001] we describe the last nonzero syzygy space in the linear strand of a canonical curve C of even genus g=2k lying on a K3 surface, as the ambient space of a k-2-uple embedded P^{k+1}. Furthermore the geometric syzygies constructed by Green and Lazarsfeld [1984] from g^1_{k+1}'s form a non degenerate configuration of finitely many rational normal curves on this P^{k+1}. This proves a natural generalization of Green's conjecture [1984], namely that the geometric syzygies should span the space of all syzygies, in this case.
We prove that the moduli space X(1,7) of (1,7)-polarized abelian surfaces with canonical level structure is birational to the Fano 3-fold V22 of polar hexagons of the Klein quartic X(7). In particular X(1,7) is rational and the birational map to P^3 is defined over Q. As a byproduct we obtain explicitely the equations of the (1,7)-very-ample polarized abelian surfaces in P^6.
In this note, we give a slight improvement of a result of A. Küronya and V. Lozovanu about higher syzygies on abelian surfaces.
We show that the implicit equation of a surface in 3-dimensional projective space parametrized by bi-homogeneous polynomials of bi-degree (d,d), for a given positive integer d, can be represented and computed from the linear syzygies of its parametrization if the base points are isolated and form locally a complete intersection.
We characterize property $(N_p)$ on a polarized surface $(X,L)$ with trivial canonical bundle in terms of the (non)existence of certain forbidden subvarieties of $X$.
Based on the theory of an infinitesimal Newton-Okounkov body, we extend the results of Lazarsfeld-Pareschi-Popa on abelian surfaces. Moreover, we show that the higher syzygies of $(X,L)$ are completely determined by its Seshadri constant when $L^{2}$ is large. As an application, we improve the existing lower bound of $(L^{2})$ for higher syzygies of a polarized abelian surface $(X,L)$.
We give simple geometric proofs of Aprodu-Farkas-Papadima-Raicu-Weyman's theorem on syzygies of tangent developable surfaces of rational normal curves and Raicu-Sam's result on syzygies of K3 carpets. As a consequence, we obtain a quick proof of Green's conjecture for general curves of genus $g$ over an algebraically closed field $\mathbf{k}$ with $\operatorname{char}(\mathbf{k}) = 0$ or $\operatorname{char}(\mathbf{k}) \geq \lfloor (g-1)/2 \rfloor$. We also show the arithmetic normality of tangent developable surfaces of arbitrary smooth projective curves of large degree.
Building on the theory of infinitesimal Newton--Okounkov bodies and previous work of Lazarsfeld--Pareschi--Popa, we present a Reider-type theorem for higher syzygies of ample line bundles on abelian surfaces. As an application of our methods we confirm a conjecture of Gross and Popescu on abelian surfaces with a very ample primitive polarization of type $(1,d)$, whenever $d\geq 23$.
In this article we prove some strong vanishing theorems on K3 surfaces. As an aplication of them, we obtain higher syzygy results for K3 surfaces and Fano varieties.
A key result for syzygies of curves is Voisin's proof of Green's conjecture for the canonical embedding of a general curve of any genus. Her primary tools were the Lazarsfeld Mukai bundle on a K3 surface and a representation of Koszul cohomology on the Hilbert scheme of points on the surface. In this note we construct representations of the Koszul complex on Grassmann varieties; Voisin's setup arises as the inverse image of one of the maps. Using a different map, we give a substantially shorter proof of Voisin's result for K3 surfaces of even sectional genus.
We prove new results on projective normality, normal presentation and higher syzygies for a surface of general type $X$ embedded by adjoint line bundles $L_r = K + rB$, where $B$ is a base point free, ample line bundle. Our main results determine the $r$ for which $L_r$ has $N_p$ property. In corollaries, we will relate the bounds on $r$ to the regularity of $B$. Examples in the last section show that several results are optimal.
Tensor product surfaces and graded syzygies
本文研究了由双分层理想I_U具有单分层斜导子时的张量积曲面的隐式方程问题，通过扩展Duarte-Schenck和作者之前的工作，解决隐式化难题。
We describe the equations and Gröbner bases of some degenerate K3 surfaces associated to rational normal scrolls. These K3 surfaces are members of a class of interesting singular projective varieties we call correspondence scrolls. The ideals of these surfaces are nested in a simple way that allows us to analyze them inductively. We describe explicit Gröbner bases and syzygies for these objects over the integers and this lets us treat them in all characteristics simultaneously.
We first show that the union of a projective curve with one of its extremal secant lines satisfies the linear general position principle for hyperplane sections. We use this to give an improved approximation of the Betti numbers of curves ${\mathcal C} \subset \mathbb P^r_K$ of maximal regularity with $°{\mathcal C} \leq 2r -3.$ In particular we specify the number and degrees of generators of the vanishing ideal of such curves. We apply these results to study surfaces $X \subset \mathbb P^r_K$ whose generic hyperplane section is a curve of maximal regularity. We first give a criterion for "an …
So far only six families of smooth irregular surfaces are known to exist in P^4 (up to pullbacks by suitable finite covers of P^4). These are the elliptic quintic scrolls, the minimal abelian and bielliptic surfaces (of degree 10), two different families of non-minimal abelian surfaces of degree 15, and one family of non-minimal bielliptic surfaces of degree 15. The main purpose of the paper is to describe the structure of the Hartshorne-Rao modules and the syzygies for each of these smooth irregular surfaces in P^4, providing at the same time a unified construction method (via syzygies) for t…
In a first part of this paper, we prove constancy of the canonical graded Betti table among the smooth curves in linear systems on Gorenstein weak Fano toric surfaces. In a second part, we show that Green's canonical syzygy conjecture holds for all smooth curves of genus at most 32 or Clifford index at most 6 on arbitrary toric surfaces. Conversely we use known results on Green's conjecture (due to Lelli-Chiesa) to obtain new facts about graded Betti tables of projectively embedded toric surfaces.
The Del Pezzo surface $Y$ of degree 5 is the blow up of the plane in 4 general points, embedded in $\mathbb{P}^5$ by the system of cubics passing through these points. It is the simplest example of the Buchsbaum-Eisenbud theorem on arithmetically-Gorenstein subvarieties of codimension 3 being Pfaffian. Its automorphism group is the symmetric group $\mathfrak S_5$. We give canonical explicit $\mathfrak S_5$-invariant Pfaffian equations through a $6 \times 6$ antisymmetric matrix. We give concrete geometric descriptions of the irreducible representations of $\mathfrak S_5$. Finally, we give $\ma…
This work consists of two parts. In the first part we develop new techniques to compute Koszul cohomology groups for several classes of varieties. As applications we prove results on projective normality and syzygies for algebraic surfaces. From more general results we obtain in particular the following: a) Mukai's conjecture (and stronger variants of it) regarding projective normality and normal presentation for surfaces with Kodaira dimension 0, and uniform bounds for higher syzygies associated to adjoint linear series, b) effective bounds along the lines of Mukai's conjecture regarding proj…
We study higher syzygies of a ruled surface $X$ over a curve of genus $g$ with the numerical invariant $e$. Let $L \in {Pic}X$ be a line bundle in the numerical class of $aC_0 +bf$. We prove that for $0 \leq e \leq g-3$, $L$ satisfies property $N_p$ if $a \geq p+2$ and $b-ae \geq 3g-1-e+p$ and for $e \geq g-2$, $L$ satisfies property $N_p$ if $a \geq p+2$ and $b-ae\geq 2g+1+p$. By using these facts, we obtain Mukai type results. For ample line bundles $A_i$, we show that $K_X + A_1 + ... + A_q$ satisfies property $N_p$ when $0 \leq e < \frac{g-3}{2}$ and $q \geq g-2e+1 +p$ or when $e \geq \fra…
The goal of this article is to study the equations and syzygies of embeddings of rational surfaces and certain Fano varieties. Given a rational surface X and an ample and base-point-free line bundle L on X, we give an optimal numerical criterion for L to satisfy property Np. This criterion turns out to be a characterization of property Np if X is anticanonical. We also prove syzygy results for adjunction bundles and a Reider type theorem for higher syzygies. For certain Fano varieties we also prove results on very ampleness and higher syzygies.
Singularities and syzygies of secant varieties of smooth projective varieties
本文研究光滑射影簇的高阶割线簇，证明曲面情形在正线丛下具有Du Bois奇点及线性合冲，并揭示其奇点类型由曲面结构层上同调决定，同时给出高维低阶情形的类似结果及高阶情形的否定性结论。
We give sharp lower bounds for the degree of the syzygies involving the partial derivatives of a homogeneous polynomial defining an even dimensional nodal hypersurface. This implies the validity of formulas due to M. Saito, L. Wotzlaw and the author for the graded pieces with respect to the Hodge filtration of the top cohomology of the hypersurface complement in many new cases. A classical result by Severi on the position of the singularities of a nodal surface in $\mathbb{P}^3$ is improved and applications to deformation theory of nodal surfaces are given.
Syzygies of Polarized Abelian Surfaces: A Reider-Type Criterion
本文针对极化阿贝尔曲面建立了关于性质$N_p$的Reider型准则，给出了$d$的最优数值界，改进了前人工作，还构造了基点自由阈值为无理数的极化阿贝尔曲面。
Green's Conjecture predicts than one can read off special linear series on an algebraic curve, by looking at the syzygies of its canonical embedding. We extend Voisin's results on syzygies of K3 sections, to the case of K3 surfaces with arbitrary Picard lattice. This, coupled with results of Voisin and Hirschowitz-Ramanan, provides a complete solution to Green's Conjecture for smooth curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces.
In this article we we continue the study of property $N_p$ of irrational ruled surfaces begun in \cite{ES}. Let $X$ be a ruled surface over a curve of genus $g \geq 1$ with a minimal section $C_0$ and the numerical invariant $e$. When $X$ is an elliptic ruled surface with $e = -1$, there is an elliptic curve $E \subset X$ such that $E \equiv 2C_0 -f$. And we prove that if $L \in {Pic}X$ is in the numerical class of $aC_0 +bf$ and satisfies property $N_p$, then $(C,L|_{C_0})$ and $(E,L|_E)$ satisfy property $N_p$ and hence $a+b \geq 3+p$ and $a+2b \geq 3+p$. This gives a proof of the relevant p…
We define syzygy points of projective schemes, and introduce a program of studying their GIT stability. Then we describe two cases where we have managed to make some progress in this program, that of polarized K3 surfaces of odd genus, and of genus six canonical curves. Applications of our results include effectivity statements for divisor classes on the moduli space of odd genus K3 surfaces, and a new construction in the Hassett-Keel program for the moduli space of genus six curves.
Let L be a normally generated line bundle on X; we say L satisfies property N_p (notation after Mark Green) if the matrices in the free resolution of R (the homogeneous coordinate ring of X) over S (the homogeneous coordinate ring of the projective space corresponding to the complete linear series |L|) have linear entries until the p-th stage. In this article we prove the following result: Let X be an elliptic ruled surface and let L be a product of p+1 base point free and ample line bundles on X. Then L satisfies property N_p. In particular we prove that numerical classes of all divisors whic…
Parameterized algebraic curves and surfaces are widely used in geometric modeling and their manipulation is an important task in the processing of geometric models. In particular, the determination of the intersection loci between points, pieces of parameterized algebraic curves and pieces of algebraic surfaces is a key problem in this context. In this paper, we survey recent methods based on syzygies and blowup algebras for computing the image and the finite fibers of a curve or surface parameterization, more generally of a rational map. Conceptually, the main idea is to use elimination matri…
We derive the implicit equations for certain parametric surfaces in three-dimensional projective space termed tensor product surfaces. Our method computes the implicit equation for such a surface based on the knowledge of the syzygies of the base point locus of the parametrization by means of constructing an explicit virtual projective resolution.
This is an introduction, aimed at a general mathematical audience, to recent work of Aprodu, Farkas, Papadima, Raicu and Weyman. These authors established a long-standing folk conjecture concerning the equations defining the tangent developable surface of a rational normal curve. This in turn led to a new proof of a fundamental theorem of Voisin on the syzygies of a general canonical curve. The present note, which is the write-up of a talk given by the second author at the Current Events seminar at the 2019 JMM, surveys this circle of ideas.
Secant variety and syzygies of Hilbert scheme of two points
本文证明当X由4非常充足线束嵌入时，X^{[2]}的切线包络在Grothendieck-Plücker嵌入下具有可识别性，并证明当X的嵌入足够正时，该嵌入满足Green条件(N_p)。同时，当X的嵌入足够正时，切线包络的奇点集恰好为X^{[2]}。
In this paper we present an algorithm for computing a matrix representation for a surface in P^3 parametrized over a 2-dimensional toric variety T. This algorithm follows the ideas of [Botbol-Dickenstein-Dohm-09] and it was implemented in Macaulay2. We showed in [BDD09] that such a surface can be represented by a matrix of linear syzygies if the base points are finite in number and form locally a complete intersection, and in [Botbol-09] we generalized this to the case where the base locus is not necessarily a local complete intersection. The key point consists in exploiting the sparse structu…
Translational surfaces and iterated resultants
本文提出使用迭代齐次余子式方法来求解翻译曲面的隐式方程，以克服非齐次余子式方法在参数化基点行为不良时的失效问题。
To study syzygies of the Cox rings of del Pezzo surfaces, we calculate important syzygetic invariants such as the Hilbert functions, the Green-Lazarsfeld indices, the projective dimensions, and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities. Using these computations as well as the natural multigrading structures by the Picard groups of del Pezzo surfaces and Weyl group actions on Picard lattices, we determine the Betti diagrams of the Cox rings of del Pezzo surfaces of degree at most four.
Motivated by our study (elsewhere) of linear syzygies of homogeneous ideals generated by quadrics and their restrictions to subvarieties of the ambient projective space, we investigate in this note possible zero-dimensional intersections of two Veronese surfaces in P^5. The case of two Veronese surfaces in P^5 meeting in 10 simple points appears also in work of Coble, Conner and Reye in relation to the 10 nodes of a quartic symmetroid in P^3, and we provide here a modern account for some of their results.
The paper discusses the classification of surfaces of degree 10 and sectional genus 9 and 10. The surfaces of degree at most 9 are described through classical work dating from the last century up to recent years, while surfaces of degree 10 and other sectional genera are studied elsewhere. We use relations between multisecants, linear systems, syzygies and linkage to describe the geometry of each surface. We want in fact to stress the importance of multisecants and syzygies for the study of these surfaces. Adjunction, which provided efficient arguments for the classification of surfaces of sma…
A parameterized surface can be represented as a projection from a certain toric surface. This generalizes the classical homogeneous and bihomogeneous parameterizations. We extend to the toric case two methods for computing the implicit equation of such a rational parameterized surface. The first approach uses resultant matrices and gives an exact determinantal formula for the implicit equation if the parameterization has no base points. In the case the base points are isolated local complete intersections, we show that the implicit equation can still be recovered by computing any non-zero maxi…
The parametric degree of a rational surface is the degree of the polynomials in the smallest possible proper parametrization. An example shows that the parametric degree is not a geometric but an arithmetic concept, in the sense that it depends on the choice of the ground field. In this paper, we introduce two geometrical invariants of a rational surface, namely level and keel. These two numbers govern the parametric degree in the sense that there exist linear upper and lower bounds.
We provide a resultant-based formula for the total degree w.r.t. the spatial variables of the generic offset to a parametric surface. The parametrization of the surface is not assumed to be proper.
The union of two quintic elliptic scrolls in P^4 intersecting transversally along an elliptic normal quintic curve is a singular surface Z which behaves numerically like a bielliptic surface. In the appendix to the paper [W. Decker et al.: Syzygies of abelian and bielliptic surfaces in P^4, alg-geom/9606013] where the equations of this singular surface were computed, we proved that Z defines a smooth point in the appropriate Hilbert scheme and that Z cannot be smoothed in P^4. Here we consider the analogous situation in higher dimensional projective spaces P^{n-1}, where, to our surprise, the …
The algebraic translational surface is a typical modeling surface in computer aided design and architecture industry. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for that algebraic surface having a standard parametric representation and our proof is constructive. If the given algebraic surface is translational, then we can compute a standard parametric representation for the surface.
The ruled surface is a typical modeling surface in computer aided geometric design. It is usually given in the standard parametric form. However, it can also be in the forms than the standard one. For these forms, it is necessary to determine and find the standard form. In this paper, we present algorithms to determine whether a given implicit surface is a rational ruled surface. A parametrization of the surface is computed for the affirmative case. We also consider the parametric situation. More precisely, after a given rational parametric surface is determined as a ruled one, we reparameteri…
The developable surface is an important surface in computer aided design, geometric modeling and industrial manufactory. It is often given in the stan- dard parametric form, but it can also be in the implicit form which is commonly used in algebraic geometry. Not all algebraic developable surfaces have rational parametrizations. In this paper, we focus on the rational developable surfaces. For a given algebraic surface, we first determine whether it is developable by geometric inspection, and we give a rational proper parametrization for the af- firmative case. For a rational parametric surfac…
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