Optimistic calculations about the Witten--Reshetikhin--Turaev invariants of closed three-manifolds obtained from the figure-eight knot by integral Dehn surgeries
Hitoshi Murakami
备注：
10 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the workshop `Recent Progress toward the Volume Conjecture', International Institute for Advanced Study, March, 2000
I calculate optimistically asymptotic behaviors of the WRT SU(2) invariants for the three-manifolds obtained from the figure-eight knot by p-surgeries with p=0,1,2,...,10, from which one can extract volumes and the Chern-Simons invariants of these closed manifolds. I conjecture that this also holds for general closed three-manifolds.
We derive an explicit formula for the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SO(3)-invariants of lens spaces. We use the representation of the mapping class group of the torus corresponding to the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SO(3)-TQFT to give such formula.
We concretely construct a 2-categorically extended TQFT that extends the Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFT to cobordisms with corners. The source category will be a well chosen 2-category of decorated cobordisms with corners and the target bicategory will be the Kapranov-Voevodsky 2-vector spaces.
The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of classical link diagrams is generalized to virtual link diagrams. This invariant is unchanged by the framed Reidemeister moves and the Kirby calculus. As a result, it is also an invariant of the 3-manifolds represented by the classical link diagrams. This generalization is used to demonstrate that there are virtual knot diagrams with a non-trivial Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant and trivial 3-manifold fundamental group.
Turaev's shadow formula calculates the SU(2)-Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariants using shadows, and its expression is somehow similar to a Euler characteristic. We give a short proof of this formula using skein theory. The formula applies to pairs (M,G) where M is a closed oriented 3-manifold and GcM is a (possibly empty) colored framed trivalent graph (for instance, a framed knot or link).
For A a primitive 2N-root of unity with N odd, the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev topological quantum field theory provides a representation of the Kauffman skein algebra of a closed surface. We show that this representation is irreducible and we compute its classical shadow, in the sense of earlier work of the authors (arXiv:1206.1638).
We calculate the Witte-Reshetikhi-Turaev invariant for a knot in the lens space of type L(m,1) for the N-th root of unity, and study its asymptotic behavior for large N.
In this paper we construct a topological model for the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants for $3$-manifolds coming from the quantum group $U_q(sl(2))$, as graded intersection pairings of homology classes in configuration spaces. More precisely, for a fixed level $\cN \in \N$ we show that the level $\cN$ WRT invariant for a $3-$manifold is a state sum of Lagrangian intersections in a covering of a {\bf fixed} configuration space in the punctured disk. This model brings a new perspective on the structure of the level $\cN$ Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant, showing that it is completely enco…
We derive formulas for the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of all oriented Seifert manifolds associated to an arbitrary complex finite dimensional simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ in terms of the Seifert invariants and standard data for $\mathfrak g$. A main corollary is a determination of the full asymptotic expansions of these invariants for lens spaces in the limit of large quantum level. Our results are in agreement with the asymptotic expansion conjecture due to J. E. Andersen.
We state a simple criterion to prove the infiniteness of the image of Reshetikhin-Turaev irreducible representations of the mapping class groups of surfaces. We use it to study some of the Reshetikhin-Turaev representations associated to the tori with one and two punctures and derive an alternative proof of a result of Funar.
We prove that the SU(2) and SO(3) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of any 3-manifold with any colored link inside at any root of unity are algebraic integers.
The center Z(C) of a spherical fusion category C (over an arbitrary commutative ring) is modular. We give an algorithm for computing the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant defined with Z(C). It is based on Hopf diagrams and an explicit description of the structure of the coend of Z(C).
We decompose into irreducible factors the ${\rm SU}(2)$ Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev representations of the mapping class group of a genus $2$ surface when the level is $p=4r$ and $p=2r^2$ with $r$ an odd prime and when $p=2r_1r_2$ with $r_1$, $r_2$ two distinct odd primes. Some partial generalizations in higher genus are also presented.
On the asymptotic expansion of quantum invariants related to surgeries of Whitehead link I: Relative Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants and the Turaev-Viro invariants at $e^{\frac{2π\sqrt{-1}}{N+\frac{1}{2}}}$
The WRT invariant of a link L in S2xS1 at sufficiently high values of the level r can be expresses as an evaluation of a special polynomial invariant of L at 2r-th root of unity. We categorify this polynomial invariant by associating to L a bigraded homology whose graded Euler characteristic is equal to this polynomial. If L is presented as a closure of a tangle in S2xS1, then the homology of L is defined as the Hochschild homology of the H_n-bimodule associated to the tangle by M. Khovanov. This homology can also be expressed as a stable limit of Khovanov homology of the circular closure of t…
We study lens space surgeries along two different families of 2-component links, denoted by $A_{m,n}$ and $B_{p,q}$, related with the rational homology 4-ball used in J.\ Park's (generalized) rational blow down. We determine which coefficient $r$ of the knotted component of the link yields a lens space by Dehn surgery. The link $A_{m,n}$ yields a lens space only by the known surgery with $r=mn$ and unexpectedly with $r=7$ for $(m,n)=(2,3)$. On the other hand, $B_{p,q}$ yields a lens space by infinitely many $r$. Our main tool for the proof is the Reidemeister-Turaev torsions, i.e.\ Reidemeiste…
Costantino--Geer--Patureau-Mirand proved relations between the Reshetikhin--Turaev link invariants and the re-normalized link invariants for knots. Their theorem says that residues of the re-normalized link invariants are given by the Reshetikhin--Turaev link invariants. However, in the case of links, the residues are vanish, so we can not obtain any relations from the residues. In this paper, we prove that the Reshetikhin--Turaev link invariants appear in higher order terms of the re-normalized link invariants for links which are plumbed.
We prove the Volume Conjecture for the relative Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants proposed in [29] for all pairs (M,K) such that M\K is homeomorphic to the complement of the figure-8 knot in S^3 with almost all possible cone angles.
We consider the asymptotics of the Turaev-Viro and the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of a hyperbolic $3$-manifold, evaluated at the root of unity $\exp({2π\sqrt{-1}}/{r})$ instead of the standard $\exp({π\sqrt{-1}}/{r})$. We present evidence that, as $r$ tends to $\infty$, these invariants grow exponentially with growth rates respectively given by the hyperbolic and the complex volume of the manifold. This reveals an asymptotic behavior that is different from that of Witten's Asymptotic Expansion Conjecture, which predicts polynomial growth of these invariants when evaluated at the standard ro…
The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants extend the Jones polynomials of links in S^3 to invariants of links in 3-manifolds. Similarly, in a preceding paper, the authors constructed two 3-manifold invariants N_r and N^0_r which extend the Akutsu-Deguchi-Ohtsuki invariant of links in S^3 colored by complex numbers to links in arbitrary manifolds. All these invariants are based on representation theory of the quantum group Uqsl2, where the definition of the invariants N_r and N^0_r uses a non-standard category of Uqsl2-modules which is not semi-simple. In this paper we study the second invariant…
We construct a categorification of the quantum sl_3 projectors, the sl_3 analog of the Jones-Wenzl projectors, as the stable limit of the complexes assigned to k-twist torus braids (as k goes to infinity) in a suitably shifted version of Morrison and Nieh's geometric formulation of sl_3 link homology (math.GT/0612754). We use these projectors to give a categorification of the sl_3 Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of framed tangles.
We construct an invariant J_M of integral homology spheres M with values in a completion \hat{Z[q]} of the polynomial ring Z[q] such that the evaluation at each root of unity ζgives the the SU(2) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant τ_ζ(M) of M at ζ. Thus J_M unifies all the SU(2) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of M. As a consequence, τ_ζ(M) is an algebraic integer. Moreover, it follows that τ_ζ(M) as a function on ζbehaves like an ``analytic function'' defined on the set of roots of unity. That is, the τ_ζ(M) for all roots of unity are determined by a "Taylor expansion" at any root of un…
We state Asymptotic Expansion and Growth Rate conjectures for the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of arbitrary framed links in 3-manifolds, and we prove these conjectures for the natural links in mapping tori of finite-order automorphisms of marked surfaces. Our approach is based upon geometric quantisation of the moduli space of parabolic bundles on the surface, which we show coincides with the construction of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants using conformal field theory, as was recently completed by Andersen and Ueno.
We study the behavior of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SU(2) invariants of links in L(p,q) as a function of the level r-2. They are given by 1 over the square root of r times one of p Laurent polynomials evaluated at e to the 2 pi i divided by 4pr. The congruence class of r modulo p determines which polynomial is applicable. If p is zero modulo four, the meridian of L(p,q) is non-trivial in the skein module but has trivial Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SU(2) invariants. On the other hand, we show that one may recover the element in the Kauffman bracket skein module of L(p,q) represented by a link …
On the asymptotic expansion of various quantum invariants III: the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds obtained by doing integral surgery along the twist knot
In this paper, for a Seifert loop (i.e., a knot in a Seifert three-manifold), first we give a family of an explicit function $Φ(q; N)$ whose special values at roots of unity are identified with the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of the Seifert loop for the integral homology sphere. Second, we show that the function $Φ(q; N)$ satisfies a $q$-difference equation whose classical limit coincides with a component of the character varieties of the Seifert loop. Third, we give an interpretation of the function $Φ(q; N)$ from the view point of the resurgent analysis.
A TQFT is a functor from a cobordism category to the category of vector spaces, satisfying certain properties. An important property is that the vector spaces should be finite dimensional. For the WRT TQFT, the relevant 2+1-cobordism category is built from manifolds which are equipped with an extra structure such as a p_1-structure, or an extended manifold structure. We perform the universal construction of Blanchet, Habegger, Masbaum and Vogel on a cobordism category without this extra structure and show that the resulting quantization functor assigns an infinite dimensional vector space to t…
We calculate the RT-invariants of all oriented Seifert manifolds directly from surgery presentations. We work in the general framework of an arbitrary modular category as in [V. G. Turaev, Quantum invariants of knots and 3--manifolds, de Gruyter Stud. Math. 18, Walter de Gruyter (1994)], and the invariants are expressed in terms of the S- and T-matrices of the modular category. In another direction we derive a rational surgery formula, which states how the RT-invariants behave under rational surgery along framed links in arbitrary closed oriented 3-manifolds with embedded colored ribbon graphs…
We present an invariant of connected and oriented closed 3-manifolds based on a coribbon Weak Hopf Algebra H with a suitable left-integral. Our invariant can be understood as the generalization to Weak Hopf Algebras of the Hennings-Kauffman-Radford evaluation of an unoriented framed link using a dual quantum-trace. This quantum trace satisfies conditions that render the link evaluation invariant under Kirby moves. If H is a suitable finite-dimensional Hopf algebra (not weak), our invariant reduces to the Kauffman-Radford invariant for the dual of H. If H is the Weak Hopf Algebra Tannaka-Krein …
A modular tensor category $\mathcal{C}$ gives rise to a Reshetikhin-Turaev type topological quantum field theory which is defined on 3-dimensional bordisms with embedded $\mathcal{C}$-coloured ribbon graphs. We extend this construction to include bordisms with surface defects which in turn can meet along line defects. The surface defects are labelled by $Δ$-separable symmetric Frobenius algebras and the line defects by "multi-modules" which are equivariant with respect to a cyclic group action. Our invariant cannot distinguish non-isotopic embeddings of 2-spheres, but we give an example where …
We identify the leading order term of the asymptotic expansion of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants for finite order mapping tori with classical invariants for all simple and simply-connected compact Lie groups. The square root of the Reidemeister torsion is used as a density on the moduli space of flat connections and the leading order term is identified with the integral over this moduli space of this density weighted by a certain phase for each component of the moduli space. We also identify this phase in terms of classical invariants such as Chern-Simons invariants, eta invariants, …
Using the equivalence between the renormalized Euler characteristic of Ozsvath and Szabo, and the Turaev torsion normalized by the Casson-Walker invariant, we make calculations for $S^3_{p/q}(K)$. An alternative proof of a theorem by Ozsváth and Szabó on $L$-space surgery obstructions is provided.
We study the asymptotic expansion conjecture of the relative Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants proposed in \cite{WY4} for all pairs $(M,L)$ satisfying the property that $M\setminus L$ is homeomorphic to some fundamental shadow link complement. The hyperbolic cone structure of such $(M,L)$ can be described by using the logarithmic holonomies of the meridians of some fundamental shadow link. We show that when the logarithmic holonomies are sufficiently small and all cone angles are less than $π$, the asymptotic expansion conjecture of $(M,L)$ is true. Especially, we verify the asymptotic expansion c…
We propose the Volume Conjecture for the relative Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of a closed oriented $3$-manifold with a colored framed link inside it whose asymptotic behavior is related to the volume and the Chern-Simons invariant of the hyperbolic cone metric on the manifold with singular locus the link and cone angles determined by the coloring. We prove the conjecture in the case that the ambient $3$-manifold is obtained by doing an integral surgery along some components of a fundamental shadow link and the complement of the link in the ambient manifold is homeomorphic to the fundamental …
Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa constructed $q$-series invariants called homological blocks in a physical way in order to categorify Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariants and conjectured that radial limits of homological blocks are WRT invariants. In this paper, we prove their conjecture for unimodular H-graphs. As a consequence, it turns out that the WRT invariants of H-graphs yield quantum modular forms of depth two and of weight one with the quantum set $\mathbb{Q}$. In the course of the proof of our main theorem, we first write the invariants as finite sums of rational functions. We second carr…
We work in the reduced SU(N,K) modular category as constructed recently by Blanchet. We define spin type and cohomological refinements of the Turaev-Viro invariants of closed oriented 3-manifolds and give a formula relating them to Blanchet's invariants. Roberts' definition of the Turaev-Viro state sum is exploited. Furthermore, we construct refined Turaev-Viro and Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFT's and study the relationship between them.
We study the asymptotic behavior of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant associated with the square of the $n$-th root of unity with odd $n$ for a Seifert fibered space obtained by an integral Dehn surgery along a torus knot. We show that it can be described as a sum of the Chern-Simons invariants and the twisted Reidemeister torsions both associated with representations of the fundamental group to the two-dimensional complex special linear group.
In this article, we will prove that the subsectors of $α$-induced sectors for $M \rtimes \hat{G} \supset M$ forms a modular category, where $M \rtimes \hat{G}$ is the crossed product of $M$ by the group dual $\hat{G}$ of a finite group $G$. In fact, we will prove that it is equivalent to Müger's crossed product. By using this identification, we will exhibit an orbifold aspect of the quantum double of $Δ$(not necessarily non-degenerate) obtained from a Longo-Rehren inclusion $A \supset B_Δ$ under certain assumptions. We will apply the above description of the quantum double of $Δ$ to the Reshet…
This survey covers some of the results contained in the papers by Costantino, Geer and Patureau (https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.3553) and by Blanchet, Costantino, Geer and Patureau (https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.7289). In the first one the authors construct two families of Reshetikhin-Turaev-type invariants of 3-manifolds, $\mathrm{N}_r$ and $\mathrm{N}^0_r$, using non-semisimple categories of representations of a quantum version of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a $2r$-th root of unity with $r \geqslant 2$. The secondary invariants $\mathrm{N}^0_r$ conjecturally extend the original Reshetikhin-Turaev quantum …
We present new obstructions for a knot K in S^3 to admit purely cosmetic surgeries, which arise from the study of Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants at fixed level. In particular, we strengthen a recent result of Hanselman, showing that if K has purely cosmetic surgeries then the slopes of the surgeries are of the form 1/5k except if the Jones polynomial of K evaluated at a 5-th root of unity is 1. For any odd prime r, we also give an obstruction for K to have a 1/k surgery slope with k coprime to r that involves the values of the first (r-3)/2 colored Jones polynomials of K at an r-th root …
We calculate the homological blocks for Seifert manifolds from the exact expression for the $G=SU(N)$ Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of Seifert manifolds obtained by Lawrence, Rozansky, and Mariño. For the $G=SU(2)$ case, it is possible to express them in terms of the false theta functions and their derivatives. For $G=SU(N)$, we calculate them as a series expansion and also discuss some properties of the contributions from the abelian flat connections to the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants for general $N$. We also provide an expected form of the $S$-matrix for general cases and the…
In this paper we show how one can extend Turaev-Viro invariants, defined for an arbitrary spherical fusion category $C$, to 3-manifolds with corners. We demonstrate that this gives an extended TQFT which conjecturally coincides with the Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFT corresponding to the Drinfeld center $Z(C)$. In the present paper we give a partial proof of this statement.
We consider the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants or Chern-Simons partition function at or around roots of unity $q=e^{2πi \frac{1}{K}}$ with rational level $K=\frac{r}{s}$ where $r$ and $s$ are coprime integers. From the exact expression for the $G=SU(2)$ Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of Seifert manifolds at other roots of unity obtained by Lawrence and Rozansky, we provide an expected form of the structure of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants in terms of the homological blocks at other roots of unity. Also, we discuss the asymptotic expansion of knot invariants around roots …
With the help of a new program, we do computations concerning the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev representations of mapping class groups. In particular we distinguish some mutant fibered knots. The program can be downloaded from http://www.geometrie.ch/TQFT
R. Kashaev and N. Reshetikhin introduced the notion of holonomy braiding extending V. Turaev's homotopy braiding to describe the behavior of cyclic representations of the unrestricted quantum group $U_qsl_2$ at root of unity. In this paper, using quandles and biquandles we develop a general theory for Reshetikhin-Turaev ribbon type functor for tangles with quandle representations. This theory applies to the unrestricted quantum group $U_qsl_2$ and produces an invariant of links with a gauge class of quandle representations.
Using Seifert fibered three-manifold examples of Boileau and Zieschang, we demonstrate that the Reshetikhin-Turaev quantum invariants may be used to provide a sharp lower bound on the Heegaard genus which is strictly larger than the rank of the fundamental group.
