一个动力学涨落定律的最小熵产生原理
Minimum entropy production principle from a dynamical fluctuation law
摘要：
最小熵产生原理为宏观系统和随机模型提供了接近平衡定态的近似变分表征。分析了一类马尔可夫过程的占有时间经验分布的涨落，指出熵产生是一个大偏差率函数，当围绕一个细致平衡动态展开时，熵产生可达首阶.这样，最小熵产生原理被认为是动力学涨落结构的结果，其近似性得到了解释。我们还讨论了将该原理应用于自由度在运动学时间反转下改变符号的系统时出现的微妙之处。
英文摘要：
The minimum entropy production principle provides an approximative variational characterization of close-to-equilibrium stationary states, both for macroscopic systems and for stochastic models. Analyzing the fluctuations of the empirical distribution of occupation times for a class of Markov processes, we identify the entropy production as the large deviation rate function, up to leading order when expanding around a detailed balance dynamics. In that way, the minimum entropy production principle is recognized as a consequence of the structure of dynamical fluctuations, and its approximate character gets an explanation. We also discuss the subtlety emerging when applying the principle to systems whose degrees of freedom change sign under kinematical time-reversal.
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