Rafael Diaz, Eddy Pariguan
We review the construction of a q-analogue of the Gaussian measure. We apply that construction to obtain a q-analogue of Feynman integrals and to compute explicitly an example of such integrals.
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We introduce perturbative Feynman integrals in the context of q-calculus generalizing the Gaussian q-integrals introduced by Diaz and Teruel. We provide analytic as well as combinatorial interpretations for the Feynman-Jackson integrals.
In this paper, we employ the fractional $q$-calculus in solving a triple system of $q$-Integral equations, where the kernel is the third Jackson $q$-Bessel functions. The solution is reduced to two simultaneous Fredholm $q$-integral equation of the second kind. Examples are included. We also apply a result in~[Pacific J. Math. \textbf{275}(1) (2015)63--102] for solutions of dual $q^2$-integral equations to solve certain triple integral equations.
The Feynman path integral is defined over the space $\mathbb{R}^T$ of all possible paths; it has been a powerful tool to develop Quantum Mechanics. The absolute value of Feynman's integrand is not integrable, then Lebesgue integration theory could not be used by Feynman. However, it exists formally as a Henstock integral (which does not require the measure concept) and is a suitable alternative to the ordinary integrals that normally appear in path integrals. Feynman proved the equivalence of his theory with the traditional formulation of Quantum Mechanics, since his path integral satisfies Sc…
Suppose we have two nonequivalent but s-equivalent Lagrange functions, the question arises: are they both equally well fitted for the Feynman quantization procedure or do they lead to two different quantization schemes.
In the first part of the paper we provide a survey of recent results concerning the problem of pointwise convergence of integral kernels in Feynman path integral, obtained by means of time-frequency analysis techniques. We then focus on exceptional times, where the previous results do not hold, and we show that weaker forms of convergence still occur. In conclusion we offer some clues about possible physical interpretation of exceptional times.
Using improper Riemann integrals, we will formulate a rigorous version of the real-time, time-sliced Feynman path integral for the $L^2$ transition probability amplitude. We will do this for nonvector potential Hamiltonians with potential which has at most a finite number of discontinuities and singularities. We will also provide a Nonstandard Analysis version of our formulation.
We construct the Feynman integrands for a class of exponentially growing time-dependent potentials as white noise functionals. We show that they solve the Schroedinger equation. The Morse potential is considered as a special case.
The Feynman path integral for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is studied mathematically of a standard model in physics, where the electromagnetic potential is assumed to be periodic with respect to a large box and quantized thorough its Fourier coefficients. In physics, the Feynman path integral for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is defined very formally. For example, as is often seen, even independent variables are not so clear. First, the Feynman path integral is defined rigorously under the constraints familiar in physics. Secondly, the Feynman path integral is also defined…
We shall define the oscillatory integrals by action integrals, Van Vleck determinant and Dewitt curvature. Our method employs action integrals along the shortest paths. We have the strong but not uniform convergence of time slicing Feynman path integrals for low energy functions.
We propose an alternative method for Feynman path integrals on compact Riemannian manifolds. Our method employs action integrals along the shortest paths. In the case of rank 1 locally symmetric Riemannian manifolds, we prove the strong convergence of time slicing products of oscillatory integrals for low energy functions. Moreover, the strong limit includes Dewitt curvature $R/6$, where $R$ denotes the scalar curvature of a Riemannian manifold.
we will show the existence and uniqueness of a real-time, time-sliced Feynman path integral for quantum systems with vector potential. Our formulation of the path integral will be derived on the $L^2$ transition probability amplitude via improper Riemann integrals. Our formulation will hold for vector potential Hamiltonian for which its potential and vector potential each carries at most a finite number of singularities and discontinuities.
we will provide a rigorous computation for the harmonic oscillator Feynman path integral. The computation will be done without having prior knowledge of the classical path. We will see that properties of classical physics falls out naturally from a purely quantum mechanical point of view. We will assume that the reader is familiar with Nonstandard Analysis.
On the Feynman Graph Integrals on Elliptic Curves
本文研究椭圆曲线上装饰图的正则化积分，通过建立全纯异常方程的图版本分析其反全纯依赖性，并提出计算图积分的一般方法。
The Feynman integral for the Schroedinger propagator is constructed as a generalized function of white noise, for a linear space of potentials spanned by measures and Laplace transforms of measures, i.e., locally singular as well as rapidly growing at infinity. Remarkably, all these propagators admit a perturbation expansion.
The fundamental solution of the Schrödinger equation for a free particle is a distribution. This distribution can be approximated by a sequence of smooth functions. It is defined for each one of these functions, a complex measure on the space of paths. For certain test functions, the limit of the integrals of a test function with respect to the complex measures, exists. We define the Feynman integral of one such function by this limit.
We write a space-time Feynman path integral representation for scattered elastic wave fields from a weakly compact supported anisotropic non-homogeneity.Replacement by a new version where We (I!) propose a new tomographic inversion methodology based solely in the wave sampling of the Ray paths through Monte Carlo path integral sampling Holding thus great potentiality for Navy's advanced Sonar detection .
The Feynman path integrals for the magnetic Schroedinger equations are defined mathematically, in particular, with polynomially growing potentials in the spatial direction. For example, we can handle electromagnetic potentials $(V,A_{1},A_{2},...,A_{d})$ such that $V(t,x) = |x|^{2(l+1)} + $`` a polynomial of degree $(2l + 1)$ in $x$ " ($l = 0,1,2,...$) and $A_{j}(t,x)$ are polynomials of degree $l$ in $x$. The Feynman path integrals are defined as $L^2$-valued continuous functions with respect to the time variable.
We call a Lebesgue-Feynman measure (LFM) any generalized measure (distribution in the sense of Sobolev and Schwartz) on a locally convex topological vector space E which is translation invariant. In the present paper, we investigate transformations of the LFM generated by transformations of the domain and also discuss the connections of these transformations of the LFM with so-called quantum anomalies, improving some recent results of teh authors and co-workers. We revisit the contradiction between the points of view on quantum anomalies presented in the books of Fujikawa and Suzuki on the one…
This paper is a continuation of the author's preceding one. In the preceding paper the author has rigorously constructed the Feynman path integral for the Dirac equation in the form of the sum-over-histories, satisfying the superposition principle, over all paths of one electron in space-time that goes in any direction at any speed, forward and backward in time with a finite number of turns. In the present paper, first we will generalize the results in the preceding paper and secondly prove in a direct way that our Feynman path integral satisfies the unitarity principle and the causality one.
In this paper, we consider stochastic Schroedinger equations with two-dimensional white noise. Such equations are used to describe the evolution of an open quantum system undergoing a process of continuous measurement. Representations are obtained for solutions of such equations using a generalization to the stochastic case of the classical construction of Feynman path integrals over trajectories in the phase space.
The aim of the presented research is to give a rigorous mathematical approach to Feynman path integrals based on strong (pathwise) approximations based on simple random walks.
On $\varepsilon$-factorised bases and pure Feynman integrals
本文研究费曼积分的ε-因子化微分方程与纯度问题，证明ε-因子化并不保证均匀超越权重，并指出既有纯度定义仅局部成立。
We describe differential forms representing Feynman amplitudes in configuration spaces of Feynman graphs, and regularization and evaluation techniques, for suitable chains of integration, that give rise to periods of mixed Tate motives.
The concepts of phase space Feynman integrals in White Noise Analysis are established. As an example the harmonic oscillator is treated. The approach perfectly reproduces the right physics. I.e., solutions to the Schrödinger equation are obtained and the canonical commutation relations are satisfied. The later can be shown, since we not only construct the integral but rather the Feynman integrand and the corresponding generating functional.
We show how to interpret the scalar Feynman integrals which appear when reducing tensor integrals as scalar Feynman integrals coming from certain nice matroids.
We study Feynman integrals in the framework of Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) hypergeometric systems. The latter defines a class of functions wherein Feynman integrals arise as special cases, for any number of loops and kinematic scales. Utilizing the GKZ system and its relation to $D$-module theory, we propose a novel method for obtaining differential equations for master integrals. This note is based on the longer manuscript arXiv:2204.12983.
In this paper we develop an integral equation satisfied by Feynman's operational calculi in formalism of B. Jefferies and G. W. Johnson. In particular a "reduced" disentangling is derived and an evolution equation of DeFacio, Johnson, and Lapidus is used to obtain the integral equation. After the integral equation is presented, we show that solutions to the heat and Schrodinger's equation can be obtained from the reduced disentangling and its integral equation. We also make connections between the Jefferies and Johnson development of the operational calculi and the analytic Feynman integral.
From each of Feynman's and von Neumann's postulates to the restricted Feynman path integrals: a mathematical theory of temporally continuous quantum measurements
本文严格证明了在简单近似下，Mensky 的受限 Feynman 路径积分可由 Feynman 量子化公理和 von Neumann 瞬时测量公理导出，并应用于自旋系统及多种量子效应的表述。
Momentum Space Feynman Integral for the Bound State Aharonov-Bohm Effect
本文在极坐标动量空间中构造了描述束缚态阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应的薛定谔传播子费曼积分，并将其定义为白噪声泛函。
The purpose of this expository paper is to highlight the starring role of time-frequency analysis techniques in some recent contributions concerning the mathematical theory of Feynman path integrals. We hope to draw the interest of mathematicians working in time-frequency analysis on this topic, as well as to illustrate the benefits of this fruitful interplay for people working on path integrals.
This course on Feynman integrals starts from the basics, requiring only knowledge from special relativity and undergraduate mathematics. Topics from quantum field theory and advanced mathematics are introduced as they are needed. The course covers modern developments in the field of Feynman integrals. Topics included in this course are: Representations of Feynman integrals, integration-by-parts, differential equations, intersection theory, multiple polylogarithms, Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky systems, coactions and symbols, cluster algebras, elliptic Feynman integrals, motives associated to Fey…
We replace the usual integral in the shape function of the synchrotron spectrum by a Jackson (q-deformed) integral and write down the formulas required to calculate the Jackson first deformed form of the synchrotron shape function
A Feynman path integral formula for the Schrödinger equation with magnetic field is rigorously mathematically realized in terms of infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals. We show (by the example of a linear vector potential) that the requirement of the independence of the integral on the approximation procedure forces the introduction of a counterterm to be added to the classical action functional. This provides a natural explanation for the appearance of a Stratonovich integral in the path integral formula for both the Schrödinger and heat equation with magnetic field.
Certain Feynman integrals are associated to Calabi-Yau geometries. We demonstrate how these integrals can be computed with the method of differential equations. The four-loop equal-mass banana integral is the simplest Feynman integral whose geometry is a non-trivial Calabi-Yau manifold. We show that its differential equation can be cast into an $\varepsilon$-factorised form. This allows us to obtain the solution to any desired order in the dimensional regularisation parameter $\varepsilon$. The method generalises to other Calabi-Yau Feynman integrals. Our calculation also shows that the four-l…
In these lectures I discuss Feynman graphs and the associated Feynman integrals. Of particular interest are the classes functions, which appear in the evaluation of Feynman integrals. The most prominent class of functions is given by multiple polylogarithms. The algebraic properties of multiple polylogarithms are reviewed in the second part of these lectures. The final part of these lectures is devoted to Feynman integrals, which cannot be expressed in terms of multiple polylogarithms. Methods from algebraic geometry provide tools to tackle these integrals.
An interpretation of Krawtchouk matrices in terms of discrete version of the Feynman path integral is given. Also, an algebraic characterization in terms of the algebra of split quaternions is provided. The resulting properties include an easy inference of the spectral decomposition. It is also an occasion for an expository clarification of the role of Krawtchouk matrices in different areas, including quantum information.
We consider functional Schrödinger equations associated with a wide class of Hamiltonians in all Fock representations of the bosonic canonical commutation relations, in particular the Cook-Fock, Friedrichs-Fock, and Bargmann-Fock models. An infinite-dimensional symbolic calculus allows us to prove the convergence of the corresponding Hamiltonian Feynman integrals for propagators of coherent states.
Geometric Singularities of Feynman Integrals
本文提出一种基于可构造函数的新方法，用于在未知PDE系统的情况下显式计算费曼积分的微局部奇异性位置及主积分数量，并适用于多种积分表示。
We study the convergence in $L^2$ of the time slicing approximation of Feynman path integrals under low regularity assumptions on the potential. Inspired by the custom in Physics and Chemistry, the approximate propagators considered here arise from a series expansion of the action. The results are ultimately based on function spaces, tools and strategies which are typical of Harmonic and Time-frequency analysis.
The present paper provides a method for finding partial differential equations satisfied by the Feynman integrals for diagrams of various types, using the Griffiths theorem on the reduction of poles of rational differential forms. As an application, an algorithm for computing partial differential equations satisfied by Feynman integrals for diagrams of a ladder type is described.
We report on an implementation within GiNaC to evaluate iterated integrals related to elliptic Feynman integrals numerically to arbitrary precision within the region of convergence of the series expansion of the integrand. The implementation includes iterated integrals of modular forms as well as iterated integrals involving the Kronecker coefficient functions $g^{(k)}(z,τ)$. For the Kronecker coefficient functions iterated integrals in $dτ$ and $dz$ are implemented. This includes elliptic multiple polylogarithms.
The Feynman integral can be seen as an attempt to relate, under certain circumstances, the quantum-information-theoretic separateness of mutually unbiased bases to causal proximity of the measuring processes.
This article gives a short step-by-step introduction to the representation of parametric Feynman integrals in scalar perturbative quantum field theory as periods of motives. The application of motivic Galois theory to the algebro-geometric and categorical structures underlying Feynman graphs is reviewed up to the current state of research. The example of primitive log-divergent Feynman graphs in scalar massless $ϕ^4$ quantum field theory is analysed in detail.
In this paper we show that certain Feynman integrals can be expressed as linear combinations of iterated integrals of modular forms to all orders in the dimensional regularisation parameter $\varepsilon$ . We discuss explicitly the equal mass sunrise integral and the kite integral. For both cases we give the alphabet of letters occurring in the iterated integrals. For the sunrise integral we present a compact formula, expressing this integral to all orders in $\varepsilon$ as iterated integrals of modular forms.
Reduction of Feynman Integrals in the Parametric Representation IV: Integrals with Irregular Integration Regions
本文提出将由多项式定义的不规则积分区域的参数化费曼积分转换为已知约化方法的标准参数积分，展示其在三点能量关联函数解析计算中的应用，且适用于更一般的事件形状和喷注可观测量。
We define the notion of distribution on an infinite dimensional space motivated by the notion of Feynman path integral and by construction of probability measures for generalized random fields. This notion of distribution turns out to be mathematically equivalent to the notion of generating functional of Green functions.
We extend the study of the recently discovered Yangian symmetry of massive Feynman integrals and its relation to massive momentum space conformal symmetry. After proving the symmetry statements in detail at one and two loop orders, we employ the conformal and Yangian constraints to bootstrap various one-loop examples of massive Feynman integrals. In particular, we explore the interplay between Yangian symmetry and hypergeometric expressions of the considered integrals. Based on these examples we conjecture single series representations for all dual conformal one-loop integrals in D spacetime d…
Feynman integrals, geometries and differential equations
本文为$l$圈等质量banana积分族构造主积分基使其微分方程呈$\varepsilon$-因子化形式，将$\varepsilon$-因子化例子的适用范围从与曲线相关的Feynman积分扩展至与高维簇相关的Feynman积分。
This note is devoted to representation of some evolution semigroups. The semigroups are generated by pseudo-differential operators, which are obtained by different (parametrized by a number $τ$) procedures of quantization from a certain class of functions (or symbols) defined on the phase space. This class contains functions which are second order polynomials with respect to the momentum variable and also some other functions. The considered semigroups are represented as limits of $n$-fold iterated integrals when $n$ tends to infinity (such representations are called Feynman formulae). Some of…
Two-loop massive Feynman integrals for $ϕ^4$ field-theoretical model with long-range correlated disorder are considered. Massive integrals for the vertex function $Γ^{(4)}$ including two or three massless propagators for generic space dimension and for any value of the correlation parameter are evaluated analytically applying Mellin-Barnes method as well as familiar representation for one-loop integrals. Obtained expressions are presented in the form of hypergeometric functions.
New algebraic approach to analytical calculations of D-dimensional integrals for multi-loop Feynman diagrams is proposed. We show that the known analytical methods of evaluation of multi-loop Feynman integrals, such as integration by parts and star-triangle relation methods, can be drastically simplified by using this algebraic approach. To demonstrate the advantages of the algebraic method of analytical evaluation of multi-loop Feynman diagrams, we calculate ladder diagrams for the massless $ϕ^3$ theory. Using our algebraic approach we show that the problem of evaluation of special classes of…
We study Feynman integrals in the representation with Schwinger parameters and derive recursive integral formulas for massless 3- and 4-point functions. Properties of analytic (including dimensional) regularization are summarized and we prove that in the Euclidean region, each Feynman integral can be written as a linear combination of convergent Feynman integrals. This means that one can choose a basis of convergent master integrals and need not evaluate any divergent Feynman graph directly. Secondly we give a self-contained account of hyperlogarithms and explain in detail the algorithms neede…
We present recent computer algebra methods that support the calculations of (multivariate) series solutions for (certain coupled systems of partial) linear differential equations. The summand of the series solutions may be built by hypergeometric products and more generally by indefinite nested sums defined over such products. Special cases are hypergeometric structures such as Appell-functions or generalizations of them that arise frequently when dealing with parameter Feynman integrals.
A Representation Transformation of Parametric Feynman Integrals
提出一种齐次多项式变换，用于参数化费曼积分，建立对偶表示，导出朗道方程对偶性和线性积分关系，并对动量空间对应情形等价于拜科夫表示。
The off-shell massless six-point double box and hexagon conformal Feynman integrals with generic propagator powers are expressed in terms of linear combinations of multiple hypergeometric series of the generalized Horn type. These results are derived from 9-fold Mellin-Barnes representations obtained from their dual conformal Feynman parameter representations. The individual terms in the presented expressions satisfy the differential equation that relates the double box in $D$ dimensions to the hexagon in $D+2$ dimensions.
Copositive geometry of Feynman integrals
本文连接优化中的协正几何与Feynman积分，证明运动学参数在协正锥内时积分收敛，并用Pólya方法及Landau判别式刻画任意Feynman图的协正锥。
We describe how Groebner bases can be used to solve the reduction problem for Feynman integrals, i.e. to construct an algorithm that provides the possibility to express a Feynman integral of a given family as a linear combination of some master integrals. Our approach is based on a generalized Buchberger algorithm for constructing Groebner-type bases associated with polynomials of shift operators. We illustrate it through various examples of reduction problems for families of one- and two-loop Feynman integrals. We also solve the reduction problem for a family of integrals contributing to the …
A number of irreducible master integrals for L-loop sunrise-type and bubble Feynman diagrams with generic values of masses and external momenta are explicitly evaluated via Mellin-Barnes representation.
This expository text is about using toric geometry and mirror symmetry for evaluating Feynman integrals. We show that the maximal cut of a Feynman integral is a GKZ hypergeometric series. We explain how this allows to determine the minimal differential operator acting on the Feynman integrals. We illustrate the method on sunset integrals in two dimensions at various loop orders. The graph polynomials of the multi-loop sunset Feynman graphs lead to reflexive polytopes containing the origin and the associated variety are ambient spaces for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. Therefore the sunset family is…
In recent work by the authors, a connection between Feynman's path integral and Fourier integral operator $ζ$-functions has been established as a means of regularizing the vacuum expectation values in quantum field theories. However, most explicit examples using this regularization technique to date, do not consider gauge fields in detail. Here, we address this gap by looking at some well-known physical examples of quantum fields from the Fourier integral operator $ζ$-function point of view.
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