F. A. Smirnov
In this paper the proofs are given of important properties of deformed Abelian differentials introduced earlier in connection with quantum integrable systems. The starting point of the construction is Baxter equation. In particular, we prove Riemann bilinear relation. Duality plays important role in our consideration. Classical limit is considered in details.
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We introduce four lists of families of non-abelian quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps.
On refactorization problems and rational Lax matrices of quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps
本文为四有理Yang-Baxter映射构造有理Lax表示，利用对称性导出多类映射的重分解问题，并给出非对合多参数示例。
Based on the construction of Poisson-Lie T-dual $σ$-models from a common parent action we study a candidate for the non-abelian respectively Poisson-Lie T-duality group. This group generalises the well-known abelian T-duality group O(d,d) and we explore some of its subgroups, namely factorised dualities, B- and $β$-shifts. The corresponding duality transformed $σ$-models are constructed and interpreted as generalised (non-geometric) flux backgrounds. We also comment on generalisations of results and techniques known from abelian T-duality. This includes the Lie algebra cohomology interpretatio…
We determine the \emph{$L_\infty$-algebra} that controls deformations of a relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebra and show that it is an extension of the dg Lie algebra controlling deformations of the underlying LieRep pair by the dg Lie algebra controlling deformations of the relative Rota-Baxter operator. Consequently, we define the {\em cohomology} of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and relate it to their infinitesimal deformations. A large class of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras is obtained from triangular Lie bialgebras and we construct a map between the corresponding deformation complexes…
In this paper we study generic features of nonlocal charges obtained from marginal deformations of WZNW models. Using free-fields representations of CFTs based on simply laced Lie algebras, one can use simple arguments to build the nonlocal charges; but for more general Lie algebras these methods are not strong enough to be generally used. We propose a brute force calculation where the nonlocality is associated to a new Lie algebra valued field, and from this prescription we impose several constraints on the algebra of nonlocal charges. Possible applications for Yang-Baxter and holographic \(T…
Based on the differential graded Lie algebra controlling deformations of an $n$-Lie algebra with a representation (called an n-LieRep pair), we construct a Lie n-algebra, whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-LieRep pairs. The notion of an n-pre-Lie algebra is introduced, which is the underlying algebraic structure of the relative Rota-Baxter operator. We give the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators and study infinitesimal deformations and extensions of order m deformations to order m+1 deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators through the …
We obtain a simple family of solutions to the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation, one which depends only on considering special endomorphisms of a finite group. We show how such an endomorphism gives rise to two non-degenerate solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation, solutions which are inverse to each other. We give concrete examples using dihedral, alternating, symmetric, and metacyclic groups.
Recently, for principal chiral models and symmetric coset sigma models, Hoare and Tseytlin proposed an interesting conjecture that the Yang-Baxter deformations with the homogeneous classical Yang-Baxter equation are equivalent to non-abelian T-dualities with topological terms. It is significant to examine this conjecture for non-symmetric (i.e., non-integrable) cases. Such an example is the $W_{2,4}\times T^{1,1}$ background. In this note, we study Yang-Baxter deformations of type IIB string theory defined on $W_{2,4}\times T^{1,1}$ and the associated T-dual models, and show that this conjectu…
In this paper, we review deformation, cohomology and homotopy theories of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras, which have attracted quite much interest recently. Using Voronov's higher derived brackets, one can obtain an $L_\infty$-algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras. Then using the twisting method, one can obtain the $L_\infty$-algebra that controls deformations of a relative \RB Lie algebra. Meanwhile, the cohomologies of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras can also be defined with the help of the twisted $L_\infty$-algebra. Using the controlling algebra ap…
Given a Lie algebroid with a representation, we construct a graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators on Lie algebroids. We give the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators and study infinitesimal deformations and extendability of order $n$ deformations to order $n+1$ deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators in terms of this cohomology theory. We also construct a graded Lie algebra on the space of multi-derivations of a vector bundle whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize left-symmetric algebroids. We show that there is a homomorp…
Based on the formulation of Yang-Baxter sigma models developed by Klimcik and Delduc-Magro-Vicedo, we explain that various deformations of type IIB superstring on AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ can be characterized by classical $r$-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE). The relation may be referred to as `the gravity/CYBE correspondence.' We present non-trivial examples of the correspondence including Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds for $β$-deformations of the ${\cal N} = 4$ super Yang-Mills theory and the gravity duals for non-commutative gauge theories. We also discuss non-integrable…
Solving the Poisson Yang-Baxter equation via deformation-to-quasiclassical-limits
本文将泊松代数由交换结合代数结合形变拟经典极限推导的构造提升至杨-巴克斯特型方程层面，通过标量形变交换结合代数中AYBE解得到PYBE解，引入相关形变概念并借助后泊松代数给出PYBE显式解。
We study Yang-Baxter sigma models with deformed 4D Minkowski spacetimes arising from classical $r$-matrices associated with $κ$-deformations of the Poincaré algebra. These classical $κ$-Poincaré $r$-matrices describe three kinds of deformations: 1) the standard deformation, 2) the tachyonic deformation, and 3) the light-cone deformation. For each deformation, the metric and two-form $B$-field are computed from the associated $r$-matrix. The first two deformations, related to the modified classical Yang-Baxter equation, lead to T-duals of dS$_4$ and AdS$_4$\,, respectively. The third deformatio…
Two-dimensional $σ$-models with $\mathbb{Z}_N$-symmetric homogeneous target spaces have been shown to be classically integrable when introducing WZ-terms in a particular way. This article continues the search for new models of this type now allowing some kinetic terms to be absent, analogously to the Green-Schwarz superstring $σ$-model on $\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric homogeneous spaces. A list of such integrable $\mathbb{Z}_N$-symmetric (super)coset $σ$-models for $N \leq 6$ and their Lax pairs is presented. For arbitrary $N$, a big class of integrable models is constructed that includes both the …
The Yang-Baxter (YB) deformations of Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model on the Heisenberg Lie group ($H_4$) are examined. We proceed to obtain the nonequivalent solutions of (modified) classical Yang-Baxter equation ((m)CYBE) for the $ h_4$ Lie algebra by using its corresponding automorphism transformation. Then we show that YB deformations of $H_4$ WZW model are split into ten nonequivalent backgrounds including metric and $B$-field such that some of the metrics of these backgrounds can be transformed to the metric of $H_{4}$ WZW model while the antisymmetric $B$-fields are changed. The rest of t…
We study Yang-Baxter deformations of 4D Minkowski spacetime. The Yang-Baxter sigma model description was originally developed for principal chiral models based on a modified classical Yang-Baxter equation. It has been extended to coset curved spaces and models based on the usual classical Yang-Baxter equation. On the other hand, for flat space, there is the obvious problem that the standard bilinear form degenerates if we employ the familiar coset Poincaré group/Lorentz group. Instead we consider a slice of AdS$_5$ by embedding the 4D Poincaré group into the 4D conformal group $SO(2,4)$. With …
We study Yang-Baxter deformations of the Nappi-Witten model with a prescription invented by Delduc, Magro and Vicedo. The deformations are specified by skew-symmetric classical $r$-matrices satisfying (modified) classical Yang-Baxter equations. We show that the sigma-model metric is invariant under arbitrary deformations (while the coefficient of $B$-field is changed) by utilizing the most general classical $r$-matrix. Furthermore, the coefficient of $B$-field is determined to be the original value from the requirement that the one-loop $β$-function should vanish. After all, the Nappi-Witten m…
We introduce a cohomology theory of $n$-ary self-distributive objects in the tensor category of vector spaces that classifies their infinitesimal deformations. For $n$-ary self-distributive objects obtained from $n$-Lie algebras we show that ($n$-ary) Lie cohomology naturally injects in the self-distributive cohomology and we prove, under mild additional assumptions, that the map is an isomorphism of second cohomology groups. This shows that the self-distribuitve deformations are completely classified by the deformations of the Lie bracket. This theory has important applications in the study o…
We review and pursue further the study of constrained realisations of affine Gaudin models, which form a large class of two-dimensional integrable field theories with gauge symmetries. In particular, we develop a systematic gauging procedure which allows to reformulate the non-constrained realisations of affine Gaudin models considered recently in [JHEP 06 (2019) 017] as equivalent models with a gauge symmetry. This reformulation is then used to construct integrable deformations of these models breaking their diagonal symmetry. In a second time, we apply these general methods to the integrable…
Integrable deformations of principal chiral model from solutions of associative Yang-Baxter equation
本文通过关联Yang-Baxter方程的解，研究主Chiral模型和Gaudin模型的可积变形，并揭示扭函数与affine Higgs丛中cocentral电荷的关系。
Auxiliary Field Sigma Models and Yang-Baxter Deformations
本研究结合Yang-Baxter、双Yang-Baxter形变与高自旋辅助场形变，构造了半单李群上主手征模型的多参数可积形变族，并通过Lax表示证明其弱经典可积性。
Yang-Baxter sigma models, proposed by Klimcik and Delduc-Magro-Vicedo, have been recognized as a powerful framework for studying integrable deformations of two-dimensional non-linear sigma models. In this short article, as an important generalization, we review a non-integrable sigma model in the Yang-Baxter sigma model approach based on [arXiv:1406.2249]. In particular, we discuss a family of deformations of the 5D Sasaki-Einstein manifold $T^{1,1}$, instead of the standard deformations of the $5$-sphere S$^5$. For this purpose, we first describe a novel construction of $T^{1,1}$ as a superco…
We consider a family of deformations of T^{1,1} in the Yang-Baxter sigma model approach. We first discuss a supercoset description of T^{1,1}, which makes manifest the full symmetry of the space and leads to the standard Sasaki-Einstein metric. Next, we consider three-parameter deformations of T^{1,1} by using classical r-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE). The resulting metric and NS-NS two-form agree exactly with the ones obtained via TsT transformations, and contain the Lunin-Maldacena background as a special case. It is worth noting that for AdS_5 x T^{1,1}, clas…
Deformation maps of quasi-twilled Lie algebras
本文通过引入准双曲李代数，统一研究李代数各类算子的上同调与变形理论，提出两种变形映射类型，涵盖修正r矩阵、交叉同态、导子、同态、相对罗塔-巴克斯算子等，并给出其控制代数与上同调，拓展了现有结果并获得新结论。
We consider γ-deformations of the AdS_5xS^5 superstring as Yang-Baxter sigma models with classical r-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE). An essential point is that the classical r-matrices are composed of Cartan generators only and then generate abelian twists. We present examples of the r-matrices that lead to real γ-deformations of the AdS_5xS^5 superstring. Finally we discuss a possible classification of integrable deformations and the corresponding gravity solution in terms of solutions of CYBE. This classification may be called the gravity/CYBE correspondence.
Perturbative Expansion of Yang-Baxter Operators
本文研究由李代数产生的 Yang-Baxter 算子的形变，将其高阶形变与李代数形变关联，证明可积形变给出完整微扰级数，并发现刚性李代数对应的 YB 算子第二上同调群可非平凡，提供非平凡 YB 形变的例子。
We present further examples of the correspondence between solutions of type IIB supergravity and classical $r$-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE). In the previous works, classical $r$-matrices have been composed of generators of only one of either $\mathfrak{so}(2,4)$ or $\mathfrak{so}(6)$. In this paper, we consider some examples of $r$-matrices with both of them. The $r$-matrices of this kind contain (generalized) Schrödinger spacetimes and gravity duals of dipole theories. It is known that the generalized Schrödinger spacetimes can also be obtained via a certain c…
We further study integrable deformations of the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ superstring by following the Yang-Baxter sigma model approach with classical $r$-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE). Deformed string backgrounds specified by $r$-matrices are considered as solutions of type IIB supergravity, and therefore the relation between gravitational solutions and $r$-matrices may be called the gravity/CYBE correspondence. In this paper, we present a family of string backgrounds associated with a classical $r$-matrices carrying two parameters and its three-parameter generalizati…
We show that within the six-vertex model there is a parametrized Yang-Baxter equation with nonabelian parameter group GL(2)xGL(1) at the center of the disordered regime. As an application we rederive deformations of the Weyl character formule of Tokuyama and of Hamel and King.
The Yang-Baxter $σ$-model is a systematic way to generate integrable deformations of AdS$_5\times$S$^5$. We recast the deformations as seen by open strings, where the metric is undeformed AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ with constant string coupling, and all information about the deformation is encoded in the noncommutative (NC) parameter $Θ$. We identify the deformations of AdS$_5$ as twists of the conformal algebra, thus explaining the noncommutativity. We show that the unimodularity conditon on $r$-matrices for supergravity solutions translates into $Θ$ being divergence-free. Integrability of the $σ$-mo…
From Yang-Mills to Yang-Baxter: In Memory of Rodney Baxter and Chen--Ning Yang
本文纪念杨-米尔斯理论和杨-巴克斯方程的先驱，探讨规范理论与可积性作为共享一致性原则的互补表现。
Deformation maps in proto-twilled Leibniz algebras
该研究在原斜纹莱布尼茨代数中引入形变映射以统一研究莱布尼茨代数上各类算子的上同调，构造了对应弯曲$L_\infty$-代数并给出相关算子的Maurer-Cartan刻画，还构建了控制算子及代数与算子同时形变的两个主控$L_\infty$-代数。
We study solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation on a tensor product of an arbitrary finite-dimensional and an arbitrary infinite-dimensional representations of the rank one symmetry algebra. We consider the cases of the Lie algebra sl_2, the modular double (trigonometric deformation) and the Sklyanin algebra (elliptic deformation). The solutions are matrices with operator entries. The matrix elements are differential operators in the case of sl_2, finite-difference operators with trigonometric coefficients in the case of the modular double or finite-difference operators with coefficients constr…
We explicitly derive Lax pairs for string theories on Yang-Baxter deformed backgrounds, 1) gravity duals for noncommutative gauge theories, 2) $γ$-deformations of S$^5$, 3) Schrödinger spacetimes and 4) abelian twists of the global AdS$_5$\,. Then we can find out a concise derivation of Lax pairs based on simple replacement rules. Furthermore, each of the above deformations can be reinterpreted as a twisted periodic boundary conditions with the undeformed background by using the rules. As another derivation, the Lax pair for gravity duals for noncommutative gauge theories is reproduced from th…
Factorial Schur functions are generalizations of Schur functions that have, in addition to the usual variables, a second family of "shift" parameters. We show that a factorial Schur function times a deformation of the Weyl denominator may be expressed as the partition function of a particular statistical-mechanical system (six vertex model). The proof is based on the Yang-Baxter equation. There is a deformation parameter $t$ which may be specialized in different ways. If $t=-1$, then we recover the expression of the factorial Schur function as a ratio of alternating polynomials. If $t=0$, we r…
We proceed to study Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ superstring with the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We make a general argument on the supercoset construction and present the master formula to describe the dilaton in terms of classical $r$-matrices. The supercoset construction is explicitly performed for some classical $r$-matrices and the full backgrounds including the Ramond-Ramond (R-R) sector and dilaton are derived. Within the class of abelian $r$-matrices, the perfect agreement is shown for well-known examples including gravity duals of non-commutative gauge theori…
We construct the Lax-pair, the classical monodromy matrix and the corresponding solution of the Yang--Baxter equation, for a two-parameter deformation of the Principal chiral model for a simple group. This deformation includes as a one-parameter subset, a class of integrable gauged WZW-type theories interpolating between the WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the principal chiral model. We derive in full detail the Yangian algebra using two independent methods: by computing the algebra of the non-local charges and alternatively through an expansion of the Maillet brackets for the monodrom…
We study the integrable bi-Yang-Baxter deformation of the $SU(2)$ principal chiral model (PCM) and its finite action uniton solutions. Under an adiabatic compactification on an $S^1$, we obtain a quantum mechanics with an elliptic Lamé-like potential. We perform a perturbative calculation of the ground state energy in this quantum mechanics to large orders obtaining an asymptotic series. Using the Borel-Padé technique, we determine the expected locations of branch cuts in the Borel plane of the perturbative series and show that they match the values of the uniton actions. Therefore, we can mat…
We construct two-parameter families of integrable $λ$-deformations of two-dimensional field theories. These interpolate between a CFT (a WZW/gauged WZW model) and the non-Abelian T-dual of a principal chiral model on a group/symmetric coset space. In examples based on the $SU(2)$ WZW model and the $SU(2)/U(1)$ exact coset CFT, we show that these deformations are related to bi-Yang-Baxter generalisations of $η$-deformations via Poisson-Lie T-duality and analytic continuation. We illustrate the quantum behaviour of our models under RG flow. As a byproduct we demonstrate that the bi-Yang-Baxter $…
We derive the gravity duals of noncommutative gauge theories from the Yang-Baxter sigma model description of the AdS_5xS^5 superstring with classical r-matrices. The corresponding classical r-matrices are 1) solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE), 2) skew-symmetric, 3) nilpotent and 4) abelian. Hence these should be called abelian Jordanian deformations. As a result, the gravity duals are shown to be integrable deformations of AdS_5xS^5. Then, abelian twists of AdS_5 are also investigated. These results provide a support for the gravity/CYBE correspondence proposed in arXiv:140…
A general formulation of the Boundary Quantum Inverse Scattering Method is given which is applicable in cases where $R$-matrix solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation do not have the property of crossing unitarity. Suitably modified forms of the reflection equations are presented which permit the construction of a family of commuting transfer matrices. As an example, we apply the formalism to determine the most general solutions of the reflection equations for a solution of the Yang-Baxter equation with underlying symmetry given by the Drinfeld double $D(D_3)$ of the dihedral group $D_3$. This …
$\mathcal{O}$-operators are important in broad areas in mathematics and physics, such as integrable systems, the classical Yang-Baxter equation, pre-Lie algebras and splitting of operads. In this paper, a deformation theory of $\mathcal{O}$-operators is established in consistence with the general principles of deformation theories. On the one hand, $\mathcal{O}$-operators are shown to be characterized as the Maurer-Cartan elements in a suitable graded Lie algebra. A given $\mathcal{O}$-operator gives rise to a differential graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize deformatio…
We present a systematic procedure to obtain singular solutions of the constant quantum Yang-Baxter equation in arbitrary dimension. This approach, inspired in the Lie (super)algebra structure, is explicitly applied to the particular case of (graded) contractions of the orthogonal real algebra ${\mathfrak{so}}(N+1)$. In this way we show that "classical" contraction parameters which appear in the commutation relations of the contracted Lie algebras, become quantum deformation parameters, arising as entries of the resulting quantum $R$-matrices.
We classify all regular solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of eight-vertex type. Regular solutions correspond to spin chains with nearest-neighbour interactions. We find a total of four independent solutions. Two are related to the usual six- and eight-vertex models that have R-matrices of difference form. We find two completely new solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, which are manifestly of non-difference form. These new solutions contain the S-matrices of the AdS2 and AdS3 integrable models as a special case. Consequently, we can classify all possible integrable deformations of eight-v…
A three-parametric $R$-matrix satisfying a graded Yang-Baxter equation is introduced.This $R$-matrix allows us to construct new quantum supergroups which are deformations of the supergroup $GL(1/1)$ and the universal enveloping algebra $U[gl(1/1)]$.
All regular $4 \times 4$ solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
本文完成了杨-巴克斯特方程4×4正则解的完整分类，发现四个新的非差分形式模型，其哈密顿量与转移矩阵具有非平凡若尔当块结构，其中一个给出XXX自旋链的不可对角化可积形变。
We introduce a new concept of quasi-Yang-Baxter algebras. The quantum quasi-Yang-Baxter algebras being simple but non-trivial deformations of ordinary algebras of monodromy matrices realize a new type of quantum dynamical symmetries and find an unexpected and remarkable applications in quantum inverse scattering method (QISM). We show that applying to quasi-Yang-Baxter algebras the standard procedure of QISM one obtains new wide classes of quantum models which, being integrable (i.e. having enough number of commuting integrals of motion) are only quasi-exactly solvable (i.e. admit an algebraic…
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