We state and discuss numerous mathematical identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions sn(x,m), cn(x,m), dn(x,m), where m is the elliptic modulus parameter. In all identities, the arguments of the Jacobi functions are separated by either 2K(m)/p or 4K(m)/p, where p is an integer and K(m) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. Each p-point identity of rank r involves a cyclic homogeneous polynomial of degree r (in Jacobi elliptic functions with p equally spaced arguments) related to other cyclic homogeneous polynomials of degree r-2 or smaller. Identities corresponding to small values of p,r are readily established algebraically using standard properties of Jacobi elliptic functions, whereas identities with higher values of p,r are easily verified numerically using advanced mathematical software packages.
The Jacobi identities play an important role in constructing the explicit exact solutions of a broad class of integrable systems in soliton theory. In the paper, a direct and simple proof of the Jacobi identities for determinants is presented by employing the Pl$\ddot{u}$cker relations.
Identities involving cyclic sums of terms composed from Jacobi elliptic functions evaluated at $p$ equally shifted points were recently found. The purpose of this paper is to re-express these cyclic identities in terms of ratios of Jacobi theta functions, since many physicists prefer using Jacobi theta functions rather than Jacobi elliptic functions.
We derive a number of local identities of arbitrary rank involving Jacobi elliptic functions and use them to obtain several new results. First, we present an alternative, simpler derivation of the cyclic identities discovered by us recently, along with an extension to several new cyclic identities of arbitrary rank. Second, we obtain a generalization to cyclic identities in which successive terms have a multiplicative phase factor exp(2iπ/s), where s is any integer. Third, we systematize the local identities by deriving four local ``master identities'' analogous to the master identities for th…
Identities involving cyclic sums of terms composed from Jacobi elliptic functions evaluated at $p$ equally shifted points on the real axis were recently found. These identities played a crucial role in discovering linear superposition solutions of a large number of important nonlinear equations. We derive four master identities, from which the identities discussed earlier are derivable as special cases. Master identities are also obtained which lead to cyclic identities with alternating signs. We discuss an extension of our results to pure imaginary and complex shifts as well as to the ratio o…
We introduce two remarkable identities written in terms of single commutators and anticommutators for any three elements of arbitrary associative algebra. One is a consequence of other (fundamental identity). From the fundamental identity, we derive a set of four identities (one of which is the Jacobi identity) represented in terms of double commutators and anticommutators. We establish that two of the four identities are independent and show that if the fundamental identity holds for an algebra, then the multiplication operation in that algebra is associative. We find a generalization of the …
In this survey, we review the classical Hamilton Jacobi theory from a geometric point of view in different geometric backgrounds. We propose a Hamilton Jacobi equation for different geometric structures attending to one particular characterization: whether they fulfill the Jacobi and Leibniz identities simultaneously, or if at least they satisfy one of them. In this regard, we review the case of time dependent and dissipative physical systems as systems that fulfill the Jacobi identity but not the Leibnitz identity. Furthermore, we review the contact evolution Hamilton Jacobi theory as a split…
We establish a hierarchy of quantum dilogarithm identities associated to a sequence of triangular shaped quivers. The tetrahedron equation plays a key role in our construction.
A new family of $n$-dimensional solutions of the Jacobi identities is characterized. Such a family is very general, thus unifying in a common framework many different well-known Poisson systems seemingly unrelated. This unification is not only conceptual, but also allows the development of general global methods of analysis.
It is demonstrated that the knowledge of a single and arbitrary solution of the three-dimension\-al Jacobi equations allows determining infinite families of new solutions, which are generally and explicitly constructed in what follows. Examples are given.
We provide analytic proofs for the shape invariance of the recently discovered (Odake and Sasaki, Phys. Lett. B679 (2009) 414-417) two families of infinitely many exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials. These potentials are obtained by deforming the well-known radial oscillator potential or the Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potential by a degree \ell (\ell=1,2,...) eigenpolynomial. The shape invariance conditions are attributed to new polynomial identities of degree 3\ell involving cubic products of the Laguerre or Jacobi polynomials. These identities are proved elementarily by…
A new n-dimensional family of Poisson structures is globally characterized and analyzed, including the construction of its main features: the symplectic structure and the reduction to the Darboux canonical form. Examples are given and include the generalization of previously known solution families such as the separable Poisson structures.
Using adjoint representation of Lie superalgebras, we obtain the matrix form of super-Jacobi and mixed super-Jacobi identities of Lie superbialgebras. By direct calculations of these identities, and use of automorphism supergroups of two and three dimensional Lie superalgebras, we obtain and classify all two and three dimensional Lie superbialgebras.
On the basis of the generalizations of the Jacobi identity found by the author some identities satisfied by the curvature and torsion of a covariant differentiation are derived. A kind of the generalized covariant differentiation is proposed and a method of finding some of satisfied by them identities is given in the correspondence to the curvatures concerned.
We claim that some non-trivial theta-function identities at higher genus can stand behind the Poisson commutativity of the Hamiltonians of elliptic integrable systems, which are made from the theta-functions on Jacobians of the Seiberg-Witten curves. For the case of three-particle systems the genus-2 identities are found and presented in the paper. The connection with the Macdonald identities is established. The genus-2 theta-function identities provide the direct way to construct the Poisson structure in terms of the coordinates on the Jacobian of the spectral curve and the elements of its pe…
An element [Φ] of the Grassmannian of n-dimensional subspaces of the Hardy space H^2, extended over the field C(x_1,..., x_n), may be associated to any polynomial basis ϕ for C(x). The Plücker coordinates S^ϕ_{λ,n}(x_1,..., x_n) of Φ, labelled by partitions λ, provide an analog of Jacobi's bi-alternant formula, defining a generalization of Schur polynomials. Applying the recursion relations satisfied by the polynomial system to the analog of the complete symmetric functions generates a doubly infinite matrix of symmetric polynomials that determine an element [H] of the Grassmannian. This is sh…
Infinitely many Casoratian identities are derived for the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials in parallel to the Wronskian identities for the Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials, which were reported recently by the present authors. These identities form the basis of the equivalence between eigenstate adding and deleting Darboux transformations for solvable (discrete) quantum mechanical systems. Similar identities hold for various reduced form polynomials of the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials, e.g. the continuous q-Jacobi, continuous (dual) (q-)Hahn, Meixner-Pollaczek, Al-Salam-Chihar…
Landen transformation formulas, which connect Jacobi elliptic functions with different modulus parameters, were first obtained over two hundred years ago by changing integration variables in elliptic integrals.We rediscover known results as well as obtain more generalized Landen formulas from a very different perspective, by making use of the recently obtained periodic solutions of physically interesting nonlinear differential equations and numerous remarkable new cyclic identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions. We find that several of our Landen transformations have a rather different a…
We study several classes of non-associative algebras as possible candidates for deformation quantization in the direction of a Poisson bracket that does not satisfy Jacobi identities. We show that in fact alternative deformation quantization algebras require the Jacobi identities on the Poisson bracket and, under very general assumptions, are associative. At the same time, flexible deformation quantization algebras exist for any Poisson bracket.
A recent generalization of the "Kleinian sigma function" involves the choice of a point $P$ of a Riemann surface $X$, namely a "pointed curve" $(X, P)$. This paper concludes our explicit calculation of the sigma function for curves cyclic trigonal at $P$. We exhibit the Riemann constant for a Weierstrass semigroup at $P$ with minimal set of generators $\{3, 2r+s,2s+r\}$, $r<s$, equivalently, non-symmetric, we construct a basis of $H^1(X, \mathbb{C})$ and a fundamental 2-differential on $X\times X$, we give the order of vanishing for sigma on Wirtinger strata of the Jacobian of $X$, and a solut…
Landen formulas, which connect Jacobi elliptic functions with different modulus parameters, were first obtained over two hundred years ago by making a suitable quadratic transformation of variables in elliptic integrals. We obtain and discuss significant generalizations of the celebrated Landen formulas. Our approach is based on some recently obtained periodic solutions of physically interesting nonlinear differential equations and numerous remarkable new cyclic identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions.
We develop the theory of Abelian functions associated with cyclic trigonal curves by considering two new cases. We investigate curves of genus six and seven and consider whether it is the trigonal nature or the genus which dictates certain areas of the theory. We present solutions to the Jacobi inversion problem, sets of relations between the Abelian function, links to the Boussinesq equation and a new addition formula.
Several examples of Jacobi matrices with an explicitly solvable spectral problem are worked out in detail. In all discussed cases the spectrum is discrete and coincides with the set of zeros of a special function. Moreover, the components of corresponding eigenvectors are expressible in terms of special functions as well. Our approach is based on a recently developed formalism providing us with explicit expressions for the characteristic function and eigenvectors of Jacobi matrices. This is done under an assumption of a simple convergence condition on matrix entries. Among the treated special …
We show that any cyclically symmetric monopole is gauge equivalent to Nahm data given by Sutcliffe's ansatz, and so obtained from the affine Toda equations. Further the direction (the Ercolani-Sinha vector) and base point of the linearising flow in the Jacobian of the spectral curve associated to the Nahm equations arise as pull-backs of Toda data. A theorem of Accola and Fay then means that the theta-functions arising in the solution of the monopole problem reduce to the theta-functions of Toda.
We discuss our conjecture for simply laced Lie algebras level two string functions of mark one fundamental weights and prove it for the $SO(2r)$ algebra. To prove our conjecture we introduce $q$-diagrams and examine the diagrammatic interpretations of known identities by Euler, Cauchy, Heine, Jacobi and Ramanujan. Interestingly, the diagrammatic approach implies these identities are related in the sense that they represent the first few terms in an infinite series of diagrammatic identities. Furthermore, these diagrammatic identities entail all the identities needed to prove our conjecture as …
