`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions - audio, video and/or physiological recordings - or it may be textual. The added notations may include transcriptions of all sorts (from phonetic features to discourse structures), part-of-speech and sense tagging, syntactic analysis, `named entity' identification, co-reference annotation, and so on. While there are several ongoing efforts to provide formats and tools for such annotations and to publish annotated linguistic databases, the lack of widely accepted standards is becoming a critical problem. Proposed standards, to the extent they exist, have focused on file formats. This paper focuses instead on the logical structure of linguistic annotations. We survey a wide variety of existing annotation formats and demonstrate a common conceptual core, the annotation graph. This provides a formal framework for constructing, maintaining and searching linguistic annotations, while remaining consistent with many alternative data structures and file formats.
Semi-Automatic Data Annotation, POS Tagging and Mildly Context-Sensitive Disambiguation: the eXtended Revised AraMorph (XRAM)
EPHE（法国高等研究实践学院）；Sapienza University of Rome（罗马大学）；Roma Tre University（罗马第三大学）
Tim Buckwalter的阿拉伯语词汇和形态资源AraMorph，扩展修订AraMorph（以下简称XRAM）的扩展，修订形式，它解决了一些弱点和不一致的原始模型，允许更广泛地覆盖现实世界的古典和当代（正式和非正式）阿拉伯语文本。基于先前的研究，XRAM增强包括（i）标记可选择的使用标记，（ii）概率轻度上下文敏感的POS标记，过滤，消歧和替代形态分析的排名，（iii）通过从现有词汇资源中提取词汇和形态信息来半自动增加词汇覆盖率。通过前端Python模块对XRAM进行的测试显示出了显著的成功水平。
On the Compatibility of Generative AI and Generative Linguistics
Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montréal（决策科学系，蒙特利尔HEC商学院）；Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute（魁北克人工智能研究所）；Department of Linguistics, University of California - Davis（语言学系，加州大学戴维斯分校）
Are LLMs Stable Formal Logic Translators in Logical Reasoning Across Linguistically Diversified Texts?
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China（认知智能国家重点实验室，中国科学技术大学）；School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（计算机科学与技术学院，中国科学技术大学）；School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（信息科学与技术学院，中国科学技术大学）
Statistical patterns of word frequency suggesting the probabilistic nature of human languages
Beijing Language and Culture University（北京语言大学）；Anhui Jianzhu University（安徽建筑大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Guangdong University of Foreign Studies（广东外语外贸大学）
Dissociating language and thought in large language models
The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；University of California Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Left-right asymmetry in predicting brain activity from LLMs' representations emerges with their formal linguistic competence
Centre d’Analyse et de Mathématique Sociales CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France（分析与数学社会中心 CNRS，EHESS，巴黎，法国）；Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Neurospin Center, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France（认知神经成像单元 CNRS，INSERM，CEA，Neurospin中心，法国91191 Gif-sur-Yvette）
Algorithmic Reflectivity in Large Language Models: Methodological Study of Linguistic Structure in Mentalization
University of Pavia（帕维亚大学）；Digital Transformation Institute（数字化转型研究所）；Psychoanalytic Academy of Italian-Speaking Switzerland（意大利语区瑞士精神分析学院）；Psychiatric Services of the Canton of Grisons（格劳宾登州精神病学服务中心）
Linguistics and Human Brain: A Perspective of Computational Neuroscience
Institute of AI and Robotics, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University（人工智能与机器人研究院，智能机器人与先进制造学院，复旦大学）；Department of Language Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（语言科学与技术系，香港理工大学）；Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（计算系，香港理工大学）
Donostia International Physics Center（多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心）；Ikerbasque Foundation for Science（伊凯巴斯克科学基金会）；Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University（约翰内斯·古腾堡大学物理系）；Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University（横滨国立大学环境与信息科学学院）
