We study a polarized Fermi gas and demonstrate that Fano-Feshbach (FF) resonances lead to the pairing of fermions and holes into long living massive bosonic modes (bifermions and biholes), which can be viewed as signatures of a first order quantum phase transition. These modes, which are neither conventional Cooper pairs nor closed channel bosonic dimers, have a peculiar dispersion relation and appear already in the weak coupling limit, i.e. for large FF detunings. Our result is in accord with claims of Schunck \emph{et al.} [cond-mat/0702066] that by stabilizing the normal state the population imbalance still allows effect of s-wave fermionic pairing.
We study the ground-state properties of a two-component fermionic mixture effectively confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap. We consider scenarios when numbers of particles in components are the same but particles have different masses. We examine whether it is possible to detect signatures of an unconventional pairing between opposite-spin fermions in the presence of attractive interactions. For this purpose, we perform the exact diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian and study the two-particle reduced density matrix. In agreement with expectations, we confirm that the many-body g…
A system of a few attractively interacting fermionic $^6$Li atoms in one-dimensional harmonic confinement is investigated. Non-trivial inter-particle correlations induced by interactions in a particle-imbalanced system are studied in the framework of the noise correlation. In this way, it is shown that evident signatures of strongly correlated fermionic pairs in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state are present in the system and they can be detected by measurements directly accessible within state-of-the-art techniques. The results convincingly show that the exotic pairing mechanism is a …
A spin-imbalanced Fermi gas with an attractive contact interaction forms a superconducting state whose underlying components are superpositions of Cooper pairs that share minority-spin fermions. This superconducting state includes correlations between all available fermions, making it energetically favorable to the Fulde--Ferrell--Larkin--Ovchinnikov superconducting state. The ratio of the number of up- and down-spin fermions in the instability is set by the ratio of the up- and down-spin density of states in momentum at the Fermi surfaces, to fully utilize the accessible fermions. We present …
Ultracold alkali atoms provide experimentally accessible model systems for probing quantum states that manifest themselves at the macroscopic scale. Recent experimental realizations of superfluidity in dilute gases of ultracold fermionic (half-integer spin) atoms offer exciting opportunities to directly test theoretical models of related many-body fermion systems that are inaccessible to experimental manipulation, such as neutron stars and quark-gluon plasmas. However, the microscopic interactions between fermions are potentially quite complex, and experiments in ultracold gases to date cannot…
We describe boundary effects in superconducting systems with Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconducting instability, using Bogoliubov-de-Gennes and Ginzburg-Landau (GL) formalisms. First, we show that in dimensions larger than one the standard GL functional formalism for FFLO superconductors is unbounded from below. This is demonstrated by finding solutions with zero Laplacian terms near boundaries. We generalize the GL formalism for these systems by retaining higher order terms. Next, we demonstrate that a cuboid sample of a superconductor with imbalanced fermions at a mean-field…
We probe the superconducting gap in the zero temperature ground state of an attractively interacting spin-imbalanced two-dimensional Fermi gas with Diffusion Monte Carlo. A condensate fraction at nonzero pair momentum evidences a spatially non-uniform superconducting order parameter. Comparison with exact diagonalisation studies confirms that the nonzero condensate fraction across a range of nonzero fermion pair momenta is consistent with non-exclusive pairing between majority and minority fermions, an extension beyond FFLO theory.
We study the zero temperature phase diagram of an imbalanced bilayer of dipolar fermions. We consider perpendicularly aligned identical dipoles in two layers and investigate the effect of population imbalance on the ground state phase at different layer spacings and average densities. The attractive part of the interlayer interaction could lead to the BEC-BCS crossover and the Fermi surface mismatch between two layers results in interesting uniform and nonuniform superfluid phases, which we have investigated here using the BCS mean-field theory together with the superfluid-mass density criteri…
Advances with trapped ultracold atoms intensified interest in simulating complex physical phenomena, including quantum magnetism and transitions from itinerant to non-itinerant behavior. Here we show formation of antiferromagnetic ground states of few ultracold fermionic atoms in single and double well (DW) traps, through microscopic Hamiltonian exact diagonalization for two DW arrangements: (i) two linearly oriented one-dimensional, 1D, wells, and (ii) two coupled parallel wells, forming a trap of two-dimensional, 2D, nature. The spectra and spin-resolved conditional probabilities reveal for …
We explore novel features of a nonrelativistic fermionic superfluid in which the pairing interaction includes a contribution from the exchange of a dynamical bosonic mode. We show that the dynamical boson exchange (DBE), which causes a retarded pairing interaction and thus violates the Galilean invariance of the fermion sector, generically leads to a quantum reduction of the superfluid density and hence a nonzero normal fraction even at zero temperature. For spin-singlet pairing, the DBE also leads to a nonvanishing spin susceptibility at zero temperature, providing a mechanism for the coexist…
