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arXiv 2603.18525astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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行星围绕演化的太阳型恒星吸积风及其可检测性

Wind accretion onto planets orbiting an evolving Solar-like star and their detectability

Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa(锡那罗亚自治大学);Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文学与天体物理研究所);SECIHTI - Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo(米却肯圣尼古拉斯德伊达尔戈大学物理与数学研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所)

P. Padilla-López, R. F. Maldonado, J. A. Toalá, E. Tejeda, J. B. Rodríquez-González

AI总结:

研究行星围绕红巨星分支和热脉动渐近巨星分支阶段的太阳型恒星吸积恒星风,并探讨其可检测性。

摘要:

随着恒星演化,其物理性质发生显著变化,这会深刻影响其轨道行星。特别是,通过恒星风损失的质量可能部分被轨道行星吸收。我们进行了18个单行星系统的模拟,行星质量为0.5、1、2.5、5、10和13 M_J,初始轨道距离为5、10和20 AU,围绕2 M_sun恒星通过红巨星分支和热脉动渐近巨星分支阶段。我们的结果显示,轨道较小且质量较高的行星比轨道较宽且质量较低的行星吸积更多恒星风物质,尽管所有模拟中总吸积质量相对于初始行星质量仍较小。即使对于质量最大的行星,13 M_J在5 AU处,总吸积质量约为初始质量的0.56%;然而,我们发现模拟行星的吸积光度,除了一个行星外,均超过其预期平衡光度,表明此类发射可能被检测到。这一结果对检测AGB恒星周围的行星至关重要,目前尚无确认检测。我们还估计了两个已知双行星系统的吸积和光度,在数个轨道内获得的结果与单行星模拟系统一致。无风吸积和有恒星风阻力的额外测试显示,尽管两者对轨道演化影响微乎其微,但风吸积对行星光度仍相关。

英文摘要:

As stars evolve, they undergo significant changes in their physical properties, which can have a profound impact on the planets orbiting them. In particular, the mass lost through stellar wind may be partially accreted by orbiting planets. We present the results of 18 simulations of one-planet systems with planetary masses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 13~$\mathrm{M}_\mathrm{J}$, each at initial orbital distances of 5, 10, and 20~AU, orbiting a 2~M$_\odot$ star through its red giant branch and thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch phases. Our results show that planets with smaller orbits and higher masses accrete more stellar wind material than their wider-orbit and lower-mass counterparts, although the total mass accreted across all simulations remains small compared to their initial planetary mass. Even for the most massive planet, 13 $\mathrm{M}_\mathrm{J}$ at 5 AU, the total mass accreted was $\sim0.56$\% of the planet's initial mass; nevertheless, we find that the accretion luminosities of the simulated planets, with the exception of one planet, exceed their expected equilibrium luminosities, suggesting that such emission could be potentially detected. This result is key for the detection of planets around AGB stars, which have no confirmed detections as of yet. We also estimated the accretion and luminosities of two detected two-planet systems over a few orbits, obtaining results consistent with the one-planet simulated systems. Additional tests without wind accretion and with stellar wind drag force showed that, while both have a negligible effect on the orbital evolution, wind accretion remains relevant for the planetary luminosity.

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