A型恒星，世界的毁灭者：进化中的恒星双星中的毁灭者的生命和死亡
A-type Stars, the Destroyers of Worlds: The lives and deaths of Jupiters in evolving stellar binaries
摘要：
热彗星（HJ），气体巨行星围绕其宿主恒星运行，周期为天的数量级，通常出现在银河系中，包括相对大质量的（$1.6-2.4$ $M_\odot$，即，A型主序星）和演化恒星。大多数的A型主序星都有双星伴星，它们可以强烈地影响行星的动力学演化。在这项工作中，我们研究的引力摄动的一个遥远的恒星伴星的气体巨行星的轨道演化的影响，所谓的偏心Kozai-Lidov（EKL）机制，包括广义相对论，后主序星恒星演化和潮汐的影响。我们发现，只有$0.15~\%$的A型恒星将主机HJ在其主序星寿命。然而，我们也发现了一类新的行星，临时热彗星（THJ），在主序后的生命周期中形成的前A型主序恒星$3.7~\%$。这些THJ的轨道周期为几十到一百天，在被吞没之前只存在了几个$100{,}000$年，但由于恒星光度的增加，它们达到了与“经典”HJ相似的温度。THJ的自旋轨道角大多会偏离。THJ对宿主恒星演化的影响也可以观察到超过几个$100{,}000$年。总的来说，我们发现，大约$70~\%$的所有气体巨行星绕A型恒星最终将被摧毁或吞噬的恒星，约$25~\%$在主序星的生活，约$45~\%$在主序星后的演化。
英文摘要：
Hot Jupiters (HJs), gas giant planets orbiting their host stars with periods on the order of days, commonly occur in the Galaxy, including relatively massive ($1.6-2.4$ $M_\odot$, i.e., A-type main sequence stars) and evolved stars. The majority of A-type main sequence stars have stellar binary companions, which can strongly affect the dynamical evolution of planets around either star. In this work, we investigate the effects of gravitational perturbations by a far away stellar companion on the orbital evolution of gas giant planets orbiting A-type stars, the so-called Eccentric Kozai-Lidov (EKL) mechanism, including the effects of general relativity, post-main sequence stellar evolution, and tides. We find that only $0.15~\%$ of A-type stars will host HJs during their main sequence lifetime. However, we also find a new class of planets, Temporary Hot Jupiters (THJs), that form during the post-main sequence lifetime of about $3.7~\%$ of former A-type main sequence stars. These THJs orbit on periods of tens to a hundred days and only exist for a few $100{,}000$ years before they are engulfed, but they reach similar temperatures as `classical' HJs due to the increased stellar luminosities. THJs' spin-orbit angles will mostly be misaligned. THJ effects on the host stars' evolution could also be observable for longer than a few $100{,}000$ years. Overall, we find that approximately $70~\%$ of all gas giant planets orbiting A-type stars will eventually be destroyed or engulfed by their star, about $25~\%$ during the main sequence lifetime, about $45~\%$ during post-main sequence evolution.
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