In continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs), careful consideration of the underlying physics is essential, among which electromagnetic (EM) mutual coupling plays a critical role in beamforming performance. Building on a physically consistent mutual coupling model, the beamforming design is formulated as a functional optimization whose optimality condition leads to a Fredholm integral equation. The incorporation of the coupling model, however, substantially increases computational complexity, necessitating efficient and accurate integral equation solvers. In this letter, we propose two efficient solvers: 1) a coordinate-transformation-based kernel approximation that preserves the operator structure while alleviating discretization demands, and 2) a direct lower-upper (LU)-based solver that stably handles the Nyström-discretized system. Numerical results demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced computational overhead compared to conventional methods, with the LU-based solver emerging as an efficient and scalable solution for large-scale CAPA optimization via offline factorization.
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University（东南大学国家移动通信实验室）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）
EM-Guided Graph Learning for Fluid Antenna Beamforming under Current-Domain Constraints
College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学人工智能学院）；School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学网络空间安全学院）；National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University（东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）
Modular-CAPA-Based Communication Systems: Joint Activation and Beamforming Design
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University（东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学无线创新中心）；Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学电子工程系）
Efficient Alternating Optimization for Hybrid Digital-Wave Beamforming in SIM-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO
Hanyang University（汉阳大学）；Northeastern University London（伦敦东北大学）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；CNRS and CentraleSupélec, Institute of Electronics and Digital Technologies (IETR)（法国国家科学研究中心与中央理工-苏裴蕾斯，电子与数字技术研究所）
Learned Blockwise Port Activation for Real Time Beamforming in Fluid Antenna Arrays
College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学人工智能学院）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学网络空间安全学院）；National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University（东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室、移动信息通信与安全前沿科学中心）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London（伦敦大学学院电子电气工程系）；Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center (CMIC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学协同创新中心）
Electromagnetic Signal and Information Theory: A Continuous-Aperture Array Perspective
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；Constructor University (previously Jacobs University Bremen)（康斯特大学（原雅各布斯不来梅大学））；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；KTH Royal Institute of Technology（皇家理工学院）
A Basic Unified Context for Evaluating the Beam Forming and MIMO Options in a Wireless Link
对于一个孤立的无线链路，我们统一看待简单波束成形（BF）与MIMO的对比，看看两者是如何出现的，以及在哪些条件下优势会出现在一个或另一个。通信是从一个高基地阵列到一个用户在混乱。信道传播模型来自基本原理。基站知道功率角谱，但不知道信道实例。场空间自相关的本征态是激励电场的自然模式的驱动因子，是最佳切趾（APOD）。MIMO或BF的偏好取决于APOD谱，其被调查指向各种渐近效应，包括最大BF增益。研究了10%停电时不同本征模功率设置下的性能。我们专注于（1，4）驱动BF的最强模式和（4，4）驱动MIMO的4个最强模式。在代表性的参数设置下获得结果，例如，8度的角展度、2GHz载波、0 dB SNR和1.68m的阵列孔径（4个场去相关长度），其中天线元件间隔为λ/2。我们发现MIMO优于阵列孔径远大于去相关长度，BF几乎以及较小的孔径。
Joint Beamforming and Phase Shifts Design for RIS-Enabled RSMA-ISAC Systems
School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University（山东大学信息科学与工程学院）；School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao（东北大学秦皇岛分校计算机与通信工程学院）；School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学电气电子工程学院）
Continuous Wavefront Design via Virtual Point Sources: A Holographic Paradigm for Near-Field XL-MIMO
Tongji University（同济大学）；Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University（同济大学上海智能科学与技术研究院）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of Macau（澳门大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute（上海人工智能实验室）
Off-Grid Position Optimization under Mutual Coupling in Fluid Antenna Arrays
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University（东南大学国家移动通信重点实验室、移动通信与信息安全前沿科学中心）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学教育部复杂环境智能支撑技术重点实验室）
