AI 中文总结
针对低地球轨道卫星星座，提出连续孔径阵列辅助的集成通信与导航框架，开发电磁协作传输模型，推导通信速率与导航CRB，通过引入信道子空间将联合波束形成优化问题转化为有限维问题求解，算法性能优于传统方案。
AI 中文摘要
本文提出了一种用于低地球轨道（LEO）卫星星座的新型连续孔径阵列（CAPA）辅助的集成通信与导航（ICAN）框架。在此框架内，开发了基于电磁的协作传输模型，多颗配备CAPA的卫星通过共享频谱同时辐射下行数据流和导航参考信号。在此基础上，推导了可实现的通信速率和导航克拉美罗界（CRB），明确了双功能波束形成器与系统性能之间的内在耦合。为在保证通信服务质量的同时提高定位精度，制定了联合波束形成优化问题，以在发射功率预算和最小速率约束下最小化平均CRB。为解决CAPA波束形成器设计固有的无限维问题，引入ICAN信道子空间将其等效转化为可处理的有限维问题，通过迭代凸优化算法有效求解。数值结果表明，所提出的CAPA辅助波束形成设计算法显著优于传统离散相控阵架构和其他基准方案，在ICAN性能上有显著提升。
英文摘要
This paper proposes a novel continuous aperture array (CAPA)-assisted integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) framework for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. Within this framework, an electromagnetic-based collaborative transmission model is developed, in which multiple satellites equipped with CAPAs simultaneously radiate downlink data streams and navigation reference signals over shared spectrum. Building upon this, the achievable communication rate and the navigation Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) are derived, which explicitly characterize the intrinsic coupling between the dual-function beamformers and system performance. To improve the positioning accuracy with communication quality of service guarantee, a joint beamforming optimization problem is formulated to minimize the average CRB subject to transmit power budgets and minimum rate constraints. To tackle the inherent infinite-dimensionality of the CAPA beamformer design, an ICAN channel subspace is introduced to equivalently transform the formulation into a tractable finite-dimensional problem, which is then efficiently solved via an iterative convex optimization algorithm. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CAPA-assisted beamforming design algorithm significantly outperforms conventional discrete phased array architectures and other benchmark schemes, yielding notable improvements in ICAN performance.
