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arXiv 2602.20484astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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活动星系核环形区域尘埃团块的形成

Formation of dust clumps in the torus of active galactic nuclei

Zhejiang University(浙江大学);Huazhong University of Science and Technology(华中科技大学)

Xinwu Cao, Renyue Cen, Qingwen Wu, Jiancheng Wu

AI总结:

本文提出了一种解释活动星系核尘埃环形成的新模型,通过热不稳定性和辐射力平衡解释尘埃团块的形成及分布。

摘要:

假想的尘埃环是活动星系核(AGN)统一方案的关键组成部分,但其起源仍是一个谜。本文提出了一种新的物理模型,解释了如何形成大量的小尘埃气体团块,并且它们集体表现为几何上厚的动态尘埃环。环核热气体流向中央黑洞(BH)并形成在亚Parsec尺度上的旋转盘。当吸积率足够高时,一部分流入的热气体由于热不稳定性凝结成小冷团块。这些冷尘埃气体团块受到中心吸积盘的照射并重新辐射,主要在红外波段作为尘埃发射。我们提出,AGN中的尘埃环由这些冷团块组成,这些团块通过辐射力与重力平衡而垂直支撑。对于具有合适柱密度的团块,团块的垂直分量的黑洞重力与红外辐射力以及盘辐射力的垂直分量处于准静态平衡。我们的模型具有鲁棒性,即对于任何合理的参数范围,团块垂直动态平衡的情况下都存在环。我们进一步表明,旋转流中的热气体只有在吸积率高于约1%的爱丁顿率时才会凝结成冷团块。当黑洞周围盘的光度低于爱丁顿光度的0.1%时,辐射力无法将冷气体团块抬升远离中平面。这两个模型特征可能为低光度AGN中缺乏尘埃环证据提供了物理解释。

英文摘要:

The putative dusty torus is a key ingredient of the unification scheme of active galactic nuclei (AGN), but its origin remains a mystery. Here we put forward a new physical model to explain how a large number of small dusty gas clumps form and they collectively appear as a geometrically thick dynamic dusty torus. The circumnuclear hot gas flows towards the central black hole (BH) and forms a rotating disk on sub-pc scales. A fraction of inflowing hot gas condenses to form small cold clumps due to thermal instabilities, when the accretion rate is sufficiently high. These cold dusty gas clumps are irradiated by the central accretion disk and re-radiate as dust emission mostly in the infrared. We propose that the dusty torus in AGN consists of such cold clumps vertically supported by the radiation force against gravity. For clumps with suitable column density, the vertical component of the BH gravity is in quasi-static equilibrium with the infrared radiation force together with the vertical component of the disk radiation force. Our model is robust in the sense that for any reasonable range of parameters concerning clump vertical dynamical equilibrium a torus exists. We further show that the hot gas in the rotating flow condenses to cold clumps only if its accretion rate is higher than about one percent of the Eddington rate. The radiation force is unable to lift the cold gas clumps up away from the mid-plane when the luminosity of the disk surrounding the BH is lower than 0.1 percent of the Eddington luminosity. These two features of our model may provide a physical explanation for the lack of evidence of dusty tori in low-luminosity AGNs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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