纵向相位测量中的弱值放大：接近Shot-Noise极限的Allan方差分析
Weak-Value Amplification for Longitudinal Phase Measurements Approaching the Shot-Noise Limit Characterized by Allan Variance
AI总结：
本文通过Allan方差分析评估弱值放大在纵向相位测量中的性能，展示在短平均间隔下接近Shot-Noise极限的亚阿秒时间延迟测量，验证了弱值放大在噪声抑制方面的优势。
摘要：
我们报告了使用Allan方差分析对纵向相位测量中的弱值放大进行定量评估。基于最近的双缝干涉实验与真实弱值[Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 080802 (2025)]，我们的Allan方差分析在短平均间隔T=0.01-0.1 s时测量到几阿秒的时间延迟，接近Shot-Noise极限，相比之前T=300 s的实现有两数量级的噪声减少。我们证明Allan方差噪声底面与探测光子数N_r的倒数成正比，证实了弱值放大在Shot-Noise极限下的操作。此外，该1/N_r的实验验证了在技术噪声存在下，弱值放大在固定探测光子数和探测器饱和时能优于传统测量，如理论预测[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 070802 (2017)]。我们的结果提供了弱值放大可实现的近最优噪声性能的严格定量证据，为精密光学计量学设定了新的基准。这一进展尤其适用于引力波探测等应用，其中信号主要占据高频范围（>10 Hz）。
英文摘要：
We report a quantitative evaluation of weak-value amplification (WVA) for longitudinal phase measurements using Allan variance analysis. Building on a recent double-slit interferometry experiment with real weak values [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 080802 (2025)], our Allan variance analysis demonstrates measurement of a few attosecond time delay approaching the shot noise limit at short averaging intervals of $T$ = $0.01-0.1$ s, representing two orders of magnitude variance reduction compared to the $T=300$ s operating point in prior implementations. We demonstrate that the Allan-variance noise floor scales with the inverse of the detected photon number $1/N_r$, confirming shot-noise-limited operation with WVA. Furthermore, this $1/N_r$ scaling experimentally validates that WVA can outperform conventional measurement under fixed detected photon number and detector saturation, in the presence of technical noise, as theoretically predicted [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 070802 (2017)]. Our results provide rigorous, quantitative evidence of the near-optimal noise performance achievable with WVA, establishing a new benchmark for precision optical metrology. This advancement is particularly relevant to applications such as gravitational-wave detection, where signals predominantly occupy the high-frequency regime ($>10$ Hz).
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
