存在放大器噪声时的最佳相位测量方法
Approaching the optimum phase measurement in the presence of amplifier noise
摘要：
在1962年的基础论文[1，2]中，Heffener和Haus表明，不可能构建线性无噪声放大器。这意味着放大器固有噪声源在输入光信号的相位上引起随机扰动，这转化为光谱展宽。为了实现最小（量子噪声限制）诱导的相位波动，以及相应的最小光谱展宽，需要一种最佳的相位测量方法。我们证明了一种基于外差检测和扩展卡尔曼滤波的测量方法，在存在放大器噪声的情况下接近最佳相位测量。与量子限制的光谱展宽相比，实现了5 dB（数值）和15 dB（实验）的惩罚。为了比较，常规相位测量方法的测量代价超过30 dB。我们的研究结果揭示了新的科学见解，通过证明放大器噪声的影响，可以显着减少使用所提出的相位测量方法。设想了对基于相位的光学感测系统的影响，因为光学放大可以在对相位的影响最小的情况下增加感测距离。
英文摘要：
In fundamental papers from 1962 [1, 2], Heffener and Haus showed that it is not possible to construct a linear noiseless amplifier. The implies that the amplifier intrinsic noise sources induce random perturbations on the phase of the incoming optical signal which translates into spectral broadening. To achieve the minimum (quantum noise limited) induced phase fluctuation, and the corresponding minimum spectral broadening, an optimum phase measurement method is needed. We demonstrate that a measurement method based on the heterodyne detection and the extended Kalman filtering approaches an optimum phase measurement in the presence of amplifier noise. A penalty of 5 dB (numerical) and 15 dB (experimental) compared to the quantum limited spectral broadening is achieved. For comparison, the conventional phase measurement method's penalty exceeds 30 dB for the measurements. Our results reveal new scientific insights by demonstrating that the impact of amplifier noise can be significantly reduced by using the proposed phase measurement method. An impact is envisioned for the phase-based optical sensing system, as optical amplification could increase sensing distance with the minimum impact on the phase.
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