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arXiv 2404.00531quant-ph
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利用实弱值放大增强干涉测量

Enhancing interferometry using weak value amplification with real weak values

Jing-Hui Huang, Kyle M. Jordan, Adetunmise C. Dada, Xiang-Yun Hu, Jeff. S. Lundeen

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AI总结：

提出一种将弱值放大与传统干涉测量结合的超灵敏协议，利用实弱值放大相对延迟，以双缝干涉实验实现数阿秒精度，信噪比提升一至两个数量级，并证明窄带光可达量子极限。

摘要：

我们提出了一种超灵敏干涉测量协议，该协议将弱值放大（WVA）与传统干涉测量相结合。该协议WVA+干涉测量利用两条路径之间相对延迟的弱值放大来增强干涉灵敏度。作为示例，我们展示了一项原理验证实验，该实验仅使用常见光学元件，通过双缝干涉仪实现了数阿秒的时间分辨率（数纳米的路径长度分辨率）。由于我们的示例仅利用双缝干涉条纹的空间位移，其精度不受探测器时间分辨率的限制，而是受限于与经典光相关的基本散粒噪声以及减弱的技术噪声。我们通过实验证明，与不使用WVA的测量相比，信噪比可以提高一至两个数量级。我们得出两个关键结论：（i）大多数传统干涉测量技术主要依赖于确定路径差（时间延迟或纵向相位），其精度受技术噪声限制。我们的协议为最小化传统干涉测量中的技术噪声提供了稳健的解决方案，其精度原则上接近散粒噪声极限。（ii）尽管WVA在超灵敏纵向相位测量方面取得了显著进展，但其适用性受限于对宽光谱带宽和高分辨率光谱仪的需求。与之前的假设相反，我们证明使用实弱值和窄带光可以实现量子极限的WVA时间延迟测量。

英文摘要：

We introduce an ultra-sensitive interferometric protocol that combines weak value amplification (WVA) with traditional interferometry. This protocol WVA + interferometry uses weak value amplification of the relative delay between two paths to enhance interferometric sensitivity. As an example, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment that achieves few-attosecond timing resolution (few nanometer path length resolution) with a double-slit interferometer using only common optical components. Since our example uses only the spatial shift of double-slit interference fringes, its precision is not limited by the timing resolution of the detectors, {but is instead limited by the fundamental shot noise associated with classical light and the diminished technical noise}. We experimentally demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by one to two orders of magnitude relative to a measurement that does not use WVA. Two key conclusions are drawn: (i) Most conventional interferometric techniques primarily rely on determining the path difference (time delay or longitudinal phase), with their precision constrained by technical noise. Our protocol offers a robust solution for minimizing the technical noise in traditional interferometry, with precision in principle approaching the shot-noise limit. (ii) Although WVA has achieved significant advancements in ultra-sensitive longitudinal phase measurement, its applicability is constrained by the need for broad spectral bandwidths and high-resolution spectrometers. Contrary to previous assumptions, we demonstrate that quantum-limited WVA time delay measurements are achievable with narrowband light using real weak values.

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