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arXiv 2602.14838astro-ph.HE
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黑洞喷流形成的通用临界吸积率

A universal critical accretion rate for black hole jet formation

International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University(国际射电天文研究中心,科廷大学);School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study(自然科学与院,高等研究院)

Adelle J. Goodwin, Andrew Mummery

AI总结:

本研究发现TDEs在特定临界吸积率下启动喷流,揭示了超大质量黑洞与恒星质量黑洞在喷流形成机制上的相似性。

摘要:

长期以来,人们怀疑黑洞吸积-喷流耦合在从恒星到超大质量黑洞的尺度上是不变的。恒星质量黑洞的吸积流在通过临界吸积率阈值时已知会启动喷流和喷流,其值因观测到的短演化时间尺度而得到很好的约束。相比之下,典型超大质量黑洞(SMBH)系统(那些在活动星系核中的)演化需要数千年,使喷流启动的临界转换无法在单个系统中进行约束。潮汐破坏事件(TDEs)提供了唯一的机会,可以见证一个吸积流在超大质量黑洞上形成和演化,其演化时间尺度为几年。在这里,我们显示TDEs在超埃德蒙顿吸积阶段和一个第二、物理上不同的喷流,在临界吸积率$ L_{\rm crit} \approx0.02 $ $ L_{\rm Edd} $时启动喷流,这个值与在吸积恒星质量黑洞中观察到的状态转换的临界吸积率相同。这项工作自然解释了在TDEs中观察到的即时和延迟喷流的机制、观测属性和检测率,这些直到现在都是开放问题。更广泛地说,我们证明了超大质量黑洞表现出与恒星质量黑洞相同的吸积-喷流耦合,并且黑洞喷流形成的临界低吸积率阈值是尺度不变的。

英文摘要:

It has long been suspected that black hole accretion-outflow coupling is invariant from the stellar to supermassive scales. Stellar mass black hole accretion flows are known to launch jets and outflows as they transition through critical accretion rate thresholds, with values well constrained observationally owing to their short evolutionary timescales. In contrast, accretion flows in typical supermassive black hole (SMBH) systems (those in active galactic nuclei) evolve over thousands of years, making the critical transitions at which jets are launched impossible to constrain in individual systems. Tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide the unique opportunity to witness the birth and evolution of an accretion flow onto a SMBH which evolves on timescales of years. Here we show that TDEs launch outflows during a super-Eddington accretion phase and a second, physically distinct outflow, at a critical accretion rate of $L_{\rm crit} \approx0.02$ $L_{\rm Edd}$, the same as the critical accretion rate for state transitions observed in accreting stellar mass black holes. This work naturally explains the mechanism, observed properties, and detection rate for prompt and delayed outflows observed in TDEs, which until now have been open problems. More broadly, we demonstrate that SMBHs exhibit the same accretion-outflow coupling as stellar mass black holes and that the critical low accretion rate threshold for jet formation in black holes is scale invariant.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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