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基于模拟的XXL星系团宇宙学质量校准使用HSC弱引力透镜

Simulation-Based Cosmological Mass Calibration of XXL Galaxy Clusters using HSC Weak Lensing

National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University（国立阳明交通大学）；Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA)（中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）；University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）；National Cheng Kung University（国立成功大学）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）；INFN, Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼亚分部）；Universität Bonn（波恩大学）
Sut-Ieng Tam, Keiichi Umetsu, Adam Amara, Dominique Eckert, Manon Regamey, Nicolas Cerardi, I-Non Chiu, Mauro Sereno, Florian Pacaud, Sunayana Bhargava, Christi… 展开作者

Sut-Ieng Tam, Keiichi Umetsu, Adam Amara, Dominique Eckert, Manon Regamey, Nicolas Cerardi, I-Non Chiu, Mauro Sereno, Florian Pacaud, Sunayana Bhargava, Christian Garrel, Fabio Gastaldello, Elias Koulouridis, Ben Maughan, Rogerio Monteiro-Oliveira, Marguerite Pierre

备注：
36 pages, 18 figures; submitted to ApJ
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AI总结：

本文基于模拟的XXL星系团宇宙学分析，利用HSC弱透镜数据校准质量，得出S_8参数约束及温度-质量关系结果。

摘要：

我们介绍了XXL调查的X射线选定星系团样本的宇宙学分析，采用基于模拟的推断（SBI）框架，通过正向建模星团计数、X射线可观测性和弱透镜测量，联合约束宇宙学参数和X射线缩放关系。我们的分析结合了XMM-XXL调查的X射线数据与Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program的三年形状目录的剪切测量。分析重点是XXL C1样本，包括171个用于丰度建模的星系团，其中86个位于XXL-N区域用于基于弱透镜的质量校准，以及162个具有X射线温度和亮度测量的星系团，用于约束缩放关系。使用密度估计似然自由推断（DELFI）算法，我们构建了一个包含12个参数的正向模型，该模型结合了XXL选择函数和星系团人口建模，并考虑了关键系统误差，包括星团错心、光度红移偏差和质量依赖的弱透镜偏差。我们的SBI分析得出宇宙学参数$S_8 \equiv σ_8 (Ω_{m}/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.867 \pm 0.063$，并额外有3%的系统误差来自神经网络随机性。结果与Planck和最近的星系团测量一致。推导出的温度-质量关系在不确定性范围内与自相似预期一致，而亮度-温度关系表现出比自相似预测更陡的斜率。从正向模型的后验分布中，我们为所有具有测量X射线温度或亮度的XXL星系团推导出弱透镜校准的质量估计。这些结果为未来多探针宇宙学分析提供了自洽的质量校准。

英文摘要：

We present a cosmological analysis of the X-ray-selected galaxy cluster sample from the XXL survey, employing a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework to jointly constrain cosmological parameters and X-ray scaling relations through forward modeling of cluster counts, X-ray observables, and weak-lensing measurements. Our analysis combines X-ray data from the XMM-XXL survey with shear measurements from the three-year shape catalog of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. The analysis focuses on the XXL C1 sample, comprising 171 clusters for abundance modeling, a subset of 86 clusters located within the XXL-N region for lensing-based mass calibration, and 162 clusters with X-ray temperature and luminosity measurements used to constrain scaling relations. Using the density-estimation likelihood-free inference (DELFI) algorithm, we construct a forward model with 12 parameters that incorporates the XXL selection function and cluster population modeling and accounts for key systematic effects including cluster miscentering, photometric redshift bias, and mass-dependent weak-lensing bias. Our SBI analysis yields a constraint on the cosmological parameter $S_8 \equiv σ_8 (Ω_{m}/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.867 \pm 0.063$, with an additional 3% systematic uncertainty from neural network stochasticity. The result is consistent with Planck and recent cluster-based measurements. The inferred temperature-mass relation is consistent with self-similar expectations within uncertainties, whereas the luminosity-temperature relation exhibits a slope steeper than the self-similar prediction. From the resulting posterior distribution of the forward model, we derive lensing-calibrated mass estimates for all individual XXL clusters with measured X-ray temperatures or luminosities. These results provide a self-consistent mass calibration for future multi-probe cosmological analyses of the XXL sample.

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