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arXiv 2602.11713hep-phnucl-th
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有限磁场和非零化学势下的QCD物质

QCD matter at a finite magnetic field and nonzero chemical potential

School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University(陕西师范大学物理与信息技术学院);School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University(同济大学物理科学与工程学院);School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University(西安交通大学理学院)

Zhi-Ying Qin, Bo Feng, Ya-Hui Hou, Hong-Yue Song, Wen-Chao Zhang, Hua Zheng, Shi-Jun Mao

AI总结:

通过混合状态方程研究有限磁场和非零化学势下QCD物质的热力学性质,发现磁场在低温抑制、高温增强热力学量,并改变声速平方。

摘要:

我们通过平滑插值低温下强子共振气体的状态方程和高温下理想部分子气体的状态方程,构建了一个混合状态方程,并利用它研究有限磁场和非零化学势下量子色动力学(QCD)物质的性质。在这项工作中,我们忽略了带电和中性粒子的反常磁矩效应。我们的结果表明,热力学可观测量如熵密度、压强、能量密度、迹反常和定容比热对有限磁场和化学势都很敏感。随着化学势从零增加,这些量在强子和夸克-胶子等离子体相中都上升。相反,引入磁场在低温下抑制它们,但在高温下增强它们。此外,非零化学势和磁场对声速平方引入了非平凡的修正。两种效应都使其在临界温度附近增大,而在较低温度下减小。当化学势和磁场同时存在时,它们的影响叠加,导致热力学行为发生更复杂的变化。最后,我们将结果与守恒荷二次涨落及其关联的格点QCD数据进行比较。该模型成功再现了$eB=0$和0.04 GeV$^2$下这些可观测量对温度的依赖性。然而,在更强的场强$eB=0.14$ GeV$^2$下,模型低估了数值大小,但仍捕捉到了整体的温度趋势。

英文摘要:

We construct a hybrid equation of state (EoS) by smoothly interpolating the EoS in the hadron resonance gas at low temperatures to that in the ideal parton gas at high temperatures, and employ it to study the properties of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter under finite magnetic field and nonzero chemical potential. In this work, we neglect the anomalous magnetic moment effects of both charged and neutral particles. Our results show that the thermodynamic observables such as the entropy density, the pressure, the energy density, the trace anomaly, and the specific heat at constant volume are sensitive to both finite magnetic field and chemical potential. As the chemical potential increases from zero, these quantities rise in both the hadronic and quark-gluon plasma phases. In contrast, introducing a magnetic field suppresses them at low temperatures but enhances them at high temperatures. Furthermore, nonzero chemical potential and magnetic field introduce nontrivial modifications to the squared speed of sound. Both effects increase its value near the critical temperature while reducing it at lower temperatures. When both the chemical potential and the magnetic field are present, their influences superimpose, leading to more intricate changes in the thermodynamic behavior. Finally, we compare our results with the lattice QCD data for the quadratic fluctuations of conserved charges and their correlations. The model successfully reproduces the temperature dependence of these observables at $eB=0$ and 0.04 GeV$^2$. However, at the stronger field strength $eB=0.14$ GeV$^2$, the model underestimates the magnitudes while still capturing the overall temperature trend.

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