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arXiv 2602.08960physics.flu-dyn
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Kolmogorov流的维度 regime

Dimensional regimes in Kolmogorov Flow

Universidad de San Andrés(圣安德烈斯大学);Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学物理系);CONICET(阿根廷国家科学研究委员会)

Melisa Y. Vinograd, Joaquin Cullen, Patricio Clark di Leoni

AI总结:

研究Kolmogorov流在不同雷诺数下的维度特性,发现大尺度运动饱和后小尺度主导动力学活动,维度随强迫波数线性增长。

摘要:

我们研究了在广泛的雷诺数和强迫波数$ k_f=\{2,4,8\} $范围内二维Kolmogorov流的维度性,使用两种互补的方法:卷积自动编码器和基于李雅普诺夫分析的Kaplan-Yorke估计。随着雷诺数的增加,观察到两种不同的转变:第一种对应于周期轨道的不稳定性,第二种标志着大尺度运动的饱和。当用强迫雷诺数表示时,这些转变对于所有强迫波数几乎具有相同的值,表明其对强迫尺度具有普遍的标度关系。通过过滤数据以保留仅大尺度范围($k < k_f$),我们显示自动编码器估计的维度在第二个转变时也饱和,表明一旦大尺度完全发展,后续的动力学活动增加主要发生在小尺度上。在更高的雷诺数下,Kaplan-Yorke维度不再增长,揭示了其对主导这一区域的非线性相互作用的有限敏感性。Kaplan-Yorke饱和维度和过滤后的大尺度维度性都表现出对$ k_f $的线性依赖性,表明活跃的自由度数量与强迫尺度而不是总可用的傅里叶模式数量成比例。

英文摘要:

We study the dimensionality of two-dimensional Kolmogorov flows over a wide range of Reynolds numbers and forcing wavenumbers $k_f=\{2,4,8\}$ using two complementary approaches: convolutional autoencoders and a Kaplan-Yorke estimation based on Lyapunov analysis. As the Reynolds number increases, two distinct transitions are observed: the first corresponds to the destabilization of a periodic orbit, while the second marks the saturation of the large-scale motions. When expressed in terms of the forcing Reynolds number, these transitions occur at nearly the same value for all forcing wavenumbers, suggesting a universal scaling with respect to the forcing scale. By filtering the data to retain only the large-scale range ($k < k_f$), we show that the dimensionality estimated by the autoencoders also saturates at the second transition, implying that once the large scales are fully developed, the subsequent increase in dynamical activity occurs predominantly at smaller scales. At higher Reynolds numbers, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension ceases to grow, revealing its limited sensitivity to the nonlinear interactions that dominate in this regime. Both the Kaplan-Yorke saturation dimension and the filtered large-scale dimensionalities exhibit a linear dependence on $k_f$, indicating that the number of active degrees of freedom scales with the forcing scale rather than with the total number of available Fourier modes.

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