层流和湍流Kolmogorov流中细长游泳者的排列
Alignment of elongated swimmers in a laminar and turbulent Kolmogorov flow
摘要：
许多水生微生物能够游泳。在自然环境中，它们通常在存在流动的情况下这样做。近年来，已经表明，游泳和流动的相互作用可以引起有趣的和生物学相关的现象，如微生物在特定流动区域的积累和与流动特性的局部对齐。在这里，我们考虑一个机械模型细长microswimmer在Kolmogorov流，一个原型剪切流，在稳定和湍流条件下。通过直接数值模拟，在一个简化的随机设置的分析计算的支持下，我们发现，与当地的速度游泳方向的对齐是一个普遍的现象。我们还探讨了如何积累的微生物，通常在稳定的流动中观察到的，是由不稳定的波动的存在下修改。
英文摘要：
Many aquatic microorganisms are able to swim. In natural environments they typically do so in the presence of flows. In recent years it has been shown that the interplay of swimming and flows can give rise to interesting and biologically relevant phenomena, such as accumulation of microorganisms in specific flow regions and local alignment with the flow properties. Here, we consider a mechanical model for elongated microswimmers in a Kolmogorov flow, a prototypic shear flow, both in steady and in turbulent conditions. By means of direct numerical simulations, supported by analytical calculation in a simplified stochastic setting, we find that the alignment of the swimming direction with the local velocity is a general phenomenon. We also explore how the accumulation of microorganisms, typically observed in steady flows, is modified by the presence of unsteady fluctuations.
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