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arXiv 2602.07522quant-ph
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超导量子比特在热循环中的系统表征

Systematic Characterization of Transmon Qubit Stability with Thermal Cycling

College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology(国防科技大学计算机学院)

Cong Li, Zhaohua Yang, Xinfang Zhang, Zhihao Wu, Shichuan Xue, Mingtang Deng

AI总结:

本研究通过长期热循环实验,揭示了超导量子比特在热应力下的稳定性差异,发现固有参数鲁棒而环境变量易变,需自动化校准以维持系统性能。

摘要:

量子比特参数的时间稳定性和可重复性对于超导量子处理器的长期运行和维护至关重要。在本研究中,我们对27个频率可调的transmon量子比特进行了全面的纵向表征,跨越一年时间经历四个热循环。我们的结果建立了超导硬件的稳定性层次结构。我们发现决定量子比特频率和基线弛豫时间(T1)的固有设备参数对热应力具有高度鲁棒性,其频率偏差通常限制在0.5%以内,基线相干性不降解。与之形成鲜明对比的是,环境变量,特别是背景磁通量偏移和双能级系统(TLS)缺陷的微观景观,在每次循环后都会经历显著的随机重构。通过使用频率依赖的弛豫光谱和定量指标,T1光谱拓扑保真度,我们证明热循环对局部缺陷环境起到了“硬重置”的作用。这一过程引入了相当于数千小时连续低温演变的光谱随机化程度。这些发现证实,尽管制造质量得以保持,但每次热循环的特定噪声实现都是统计上不同的,需要为大规模量子系统采用自动化再校准策略。

英文摘要:

The temporal stability and reproducibility of qubit parameters are critical for the long-term operation and maintenance of superconducting quantum processors. In this work, we present a comprehensive longitudinal characterization of 27 frequency-tunable transmon qubits spanning over one year across four thermal cycles. Our results establish a distinct hierarchy of stability for superconducting hardware. We find that the intrinsic device parameters determining the qubit frequency and the baseline energy relaxation times ($T_1$) exhibit high robustness against thermal stress, characterized by frequency deviations typically confined within 0.5\% and non-degraded coherence baselines. In stark contrast, the environmental variables, specifically the background magnetic flux offsets and the microscopic landscape of two-level system (TLS) defects, undergo a significant stochastic reconfiguration after each cycle. By employing frequency-dependent relaxation spectroscopy and a quantitative metric, the $T_1$ Spectral Topography Fidelity, we demonstrate that thermal cycling acts as a ``hard reset'' for the local defect environment. This process introduces a level of spectral randomization equivalent to thousands of hours of continuous low-temperature evolution. These findings confirm that while the fabrication quality is preserved, the specific noise realization is statistically distinct for each thermal cycle, necessitating automated recalibration strategies for large-scale quantum systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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