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arXiv 2602.07385cs.GT
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在线合同设计

Online Contract Design

Technion(以色列理工学院);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学)

Elad Lavi, Hadas Shachnai, Inbal Talgam-Cohen

AI总结:

本文提出了一种在线合同设计算法,在代理奖励为加性时达到1/2的竞争比,同时探讨了XOS结构对算法的影响。

摘要:

我们开始研究在线合同,这将经济合同理论中的博弈论考虑与在线算法设计中的算法和信息挑战相结合。我们的起点是Buchbinder等人[SODA'15]提出的经典在线设置,其中雇主面临一系列对抗性代理的到来。在代理到来时,雇主必须决定是否暂时接受该代理加入团队,以及是否取消之前的暂时选择。取消是不可撤销的,这赋予了该设置在线决策的特色。在我们的设置中,代理是理性的玩家:一旦团队最终确定,将进行一场游戏,雇主提供合同(基于绩效的支付方案),每个代理决定是否工作。工作代理会奖励雇主,目标是选择一个团队以最大化雇主的效用。我们的主要积极结果是一个在代理奖励为加性时的1/2竞争性算法,这匹配了最佳可能的竞争比率。我们的算法是随机化的,并且这是必要的,因为我们将证明没有确定性算法可以达到有界竞争比率。此外,如果允许代理奖励表现出称为XOS的组合结构,即使随机化算法也可能失败。在通往我们的竞争性算法的过程中,我们开发了平衡点技术,这可以用于进一步探索对抗性模型中的在线合同。

英文摘要:

We initiate the study of online contracts, which integrate the game-theoretic considerations of economic contract theory, with the algorithmic and informational challenges of online algorithm design. Our starting point is the classic online setting with preemption of Buchbinder et al. [SODA'15], in which a hiring principal faces a sequence of adversarial agent arrivals. Upon arrival, the principal must decide whether to tentatively accept the agent to their team, and whether to dismiss previous tentative choices. Dismissal is irrevocable, giving the setting its online decision-making flavor. In our setting, the agents are rational players: once the team is finalized, a game is played where the principal offers contracts (performance-based payment schemes), and each agent decides whether or not to work. Working agents reward the principal, and the goal is to choose a team that maximizes the principal's utility. Our main positive result is a 1/2-competitive algorithm when agent rewards are additive, which matches the best-possible competitive ratio. Our algorithm is randomized and this is necessary, as we show that no deterministic algorithm can attain a bounded competitive ratio. Moreover, if agent rewards are allowed to exhibit combinatorial structure known as XOS, even randomized algorithms might fail. En route to our competitive algorithm, we develop the technique of balance points, which can be useful for further exploration of online contracts in the adversarial model.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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