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太阳耀斑作为中微子本质的探针:通过共振自旋-味预旋区分狄拉克与马约拉纳中微子

Solar Flares as a Probe of Neutrino Nature: Distinguishing Dirac and Majorana via Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession

Universidad de Guanajuato(瓜纳华托大学)

D. Delepine, A. Yebra

AI总结:

利用太阳耀斑中微子共振自旋-味预旋现象,区分狄拉克与马约拉纳中微子本质。

摘要:

利用量子密度矩阵方法研究太阳中微子的共振自旋-味预旋现象,明确考虑碰撞退相干和太阳物质密度分布。比较标准$^8$B太阳中微子(能量约10 MeV)和超高能耀斑中微子(能量大于1 GeV)在三种磁场假设下的转变概率:核心集中型(Wood-Saxon)、湍流对流型(幂律分布)和边界层限制型(高斯分布)。对于标准LMA参数,我们显示10 MeV中微子的共振严格限制在太阳核心深处(半径小于0.2 R_\odot),使标准太阳中微子对外部磁场不敏感。相反,对于1 GeV耀斑中微子,共振转移到边界层和对流区,其中强磁场(B~50 kG)驱动高效的自旋转换。我们将此效应应用于计算狄拉克或马约拉纳中微子散射截面之间的差异,作为电子中微子散射和相干弹性中微子-核散射(CE\nu NS)。我们显示这些截面中存在显著不对称性,可能在检测到时区分狄拉克或马约拉纳中微子。在无观测的情况下,我们显示此方法可以将中微子磁矩的限制提高一个数量级,相比当前限制。

英文摘要:

Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession (RSFP) of solar neutrinos is studied using the quantum density matrix formalism, explicitly taking into account collisional decoherence and solar matter density profiles. The transition probabilities for standard $^8$B solar neutrinos ($E \approx 10$ MeV) and ultra-high-energy flare neutrinos ($E \gtrsim 1$ GeV) under three magnetic field hypotheses: core-concentrated (Wood-Saxon), tachocline-confined (Gaussian), and turbulent convective (Power Law) are compared. For standard LMA parameters, we show the resonance for 10 MeV neutrinos is strictly confined to the deep solar core ($r < 0.2 R_\odot$), rendering standard solar neutrinos insensitive to outer magnetic fields. Conversely, for 1 GeV flare neutrinos, the resonance shifts to the tachocline and convective zones, where strong fields ($B \sim 50$ kG) drive efficient spin conversion. We apply this effect to compute the difference between Dirac or Majorana neutrino scattering cross section as electron-neutrino scattering and Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$ν$NS). We show that significant asymmetry in these cross section are possible allowing in case of detection to distinguish between Dirac or Majorana neutrinos. In case of null observation, we show that this method can potentially improved the limit on the neutrino magnetic moment by one order to magnitude compared to current limits.

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