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arXiv 2602.05055hep-ph
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超新星爆发作为中微子本质探测的探针:通过CEνNS相干散射

Distinguishing Dirac and Majorana Neutrinos: Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession of GeV-Scale Astrophysical Transients

División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato(瓜纳华托大学科学与工程分院)

D. Delepine, A. Yebra

AI总结:

通过CEνNS相干散射探测中微子本质,利用超新星爆发中的RSFP效应区分狄拉克与马约拉纳中微子,并探测到极低磁矩。

摘要:

在量子密度矩阵框架下,研究核心塌缩超新星中微子的共振自旋-味预旋(RSFP)。SN1987A的冷却持续时间严重限制了标准RSFP模型用于狄拉克中微子。利用外层恒星包层中可能发生共振转换的性质,在热解耦后,我们显示对于中微子磁矩在μ_ν≈10^-14-10^-12 μ_B范围内,包层(R>1000公里)内的绝热转换会导致宏观螺旋度反转而不违反冷却限制。这种RSFP中微子螺旋度变化在相干弹性中微子-核散射(CEνNS)探测器中诱导出不同的特征。对于狄拉克中微子,由于 sterile 转换应观察到大规模的狄拉克中微子通量缺失。对于马约拉纳中微子,通量不会改变,但由于从左手电子中微子转变为右手μ或τ反中微子,其截面的谱分解将发生修改。提出了一种实验策略以最小化天体物理不确定性,利用高能中微子尾部(E≈1GeV)以逃避RSFP来标准化信号。这种基于比率的方法有效消除了天体物理不确定性,使未来的探测器能够区分中微子的基本性质并探测到10^-14 μ_B的磁矩,比当前太阳限制高两个数量级。

英文摘要:

We present a unified formalism to study the Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession (RSFP) of high-energy ($\sim 1$ GeV) transient astrophysical neutrinos as a probe of their fundamental Dirac or Majorana nature. Current MeV scale neutrino studies face stringent restrictions: efficient core RSFP for Dirac supernova neutrinos is excluded by SN1987A cooling bounds, while solar neutrino conversion is tightly constrained by Borexino data. We show that considering the 1 GeV energy scale accessible through solar flares modifies the resonance conditions. For 1 GeV solar flare neutrinos, the resonance shifts to the tachocline and convective zones, where toroidal magnetic fields ($B \sim 50$ kG) induce adiabatic spin flavor conversion. In contrast, for supernovae, to avoid the cooling constraints, the RSFP is moved from the core supernovae to the stellar envelope. As for non thermal 1 GeV supernova neutrinos, the resonance is located in the dilute stellar wind where magnetic fields are negligible, suppressing RSFP and preserving the flux, one can use these non-thermal neutrinos as a candle to calibrate our signal, reducing its dependence on astrophysical uncertainties. Evaluating these helicity transitions through a density matrix approach, we predict distinct asymmetries in Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$ν$NS) and neutrino-electron scattering cross-sections for solar flare neutrinos and supernova neutrinos. Our proposal provides a viable method to distinguish Dirac from Majorana neutrinos and to probe magnetic moments down to $μ_ν\sim 10^{-14} μ_B$.

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