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arXiv 2602.05110cs.AI
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理解大语言模型评估者行为:一种结构化多评估者框架用于商户风险评估

Understanding LLM Evaluator Behavior: A Structured Multi-Evaluator Framework for Merchant Risk Assessment

Visa Research(Visa研究)

Liang Wang, Junpeng Wang, Chin-chia Michael Yeh, Yan Zheng, Jiarui Sun, Xiran Fan, Xin Dai, Yujie Fan, Yiwei Cai

AI总结:

本文提出一种结构化多评估者框架,用于评估LLM在商户风险评估中的推理质量,揭示了不同模型的自我评估偏见差异,并通过真实数据验证了框架的有效性。

摘要:

大语言模型(LLMs)越来越多地被用作推理质量的评估者,但它们在支付风险设置中的可靠性和偏见仍缺乏深入理解。我们介绍了一种结构化的多评估者框架,用于评估LLM在基于商户分类代码(MCC)的商户风险评估中的推理能力,结合了五项标准的评分表和蒙特卡洛评分法来评估推理质量及评估者稳定性。五种前沿LLM在有属性和匿名条件下生成并相互评估MCC风险推理。为建立判官独立的参考,我们引入了一种共识偏差度量指标,通过将每个判官的评分与所有其他判官评分的平均值进行比较,从而消除循环性,得到一种理论基础的自我评估和跨模型偏差度量。结果揭示了显著的异质性:GPT-5.1和Claude 4.5 Sonnet显示出负的自我评估偏见(-0.33,-0.31),而Gemini-2.5 Pro和Grok 4则显示正偏见(+0.77,+0.71),在匿名化条件下偏见减少了25.8个百分点。由26名支付行业专家对LLM判官的评估显示,LLM判官的评分平均比人类共识高出+0.46分,且GPT-5.1和Claude 4.5 Sonnet的负偏见反映了更接近人类判断的契合。使用支付网络数据进行真实验证显示,四款模型在统计上显著一致(斯皮尔曼rho=0.56至0.77),证实了该框架能够捕捉真正的质量。总体而言,该框架为评估LLM作为判官系统在支付风险工作流中的提供了可复制的基础,并突显了在运营金融环境中需要偏见意识协议的必要性。

英文摘要:

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators of reasoning quality, yet their reliability and bias in payments-risk settings remain poorly understood. We introduce a structured multi-evaluator framework for assessing LLM reasoning in Merchant Category Code (MCC)-based merchant risk assessment, combining a five-criterion rubric with Monte-Carlo scoring to evaluate rationale quality and evaluator stability. Five frontier LLMs generate and cross-evaluate MCC risk rationales under attributed and anonymized conditions. To establish a judge-independent reference, we introduce a consensus-deviation metric that eliminates circularity by comparing each judge's score to the mean of all other judges, yielding a theoretically grounded measure of self-evaluation and cross-model deviation. Results reveal substantial heterogeneity: GPT-5.1 and Claude 4.5 Sonnet show negative self-evaluation bias (-0.33, -0.31), while Gemini-2.5 Pro and Grok 4 display positive bias (+0.77, +0.71), with bias attenuating by 25.8 percent under anonymization. Evaluation by 26 payment-industry experts shows LLM judges assign scores averaging +0.46 points above human consensus, and that the negative bias of GPT-5.1 and Claude 4.5 Sonnet reflects closer alignment with human judgment. Ground-truth validation using payment-network data shows four models exhibit statistically significant alignment (Spearman rho = 0.56 to 0.77), confirming that the framework captures genuine quality. Overall, the framework provides a replicable basis for evaluating LLM-as-a-judge systems in payment-risk workflows and highlights the need for bias-aware protocols in operational financial settings.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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