Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Formation from Hierarchical Mergers in Galactic Nuclei
Loyola University Chicago(洛约拉大学芝加哥分校);Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University(西北大学跨学科天体物理探索与研究中心及物理与天文系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文系);Kall Morris Inc(Kall Morris公司)
Amanda Newton, Sanaea C. Rose, Fulya Kıroğlu, Bao-Minh Hoang, Frederic A. Rasio
Dense stellar environments like nuclear star clusters (NSCs) can dynamically assemble gravitational wave (GW) sources. We consider a population of single stellar mass black holes (BHs) in the inner $0.1$~pc of a NSC surrounding a $4 \times 10^6$~M$_\odot$ supermassive black hole (SMBH). Using a semianalytic model, we account for direct collisions between BHs and stars and GW capture between BHs. We explore the effect of the initial BH mass and spin distributions on their final properties and the production of GW sources. Specifically, we consider upper and lower limits for the BH initial mass distribution, and we account for the possibility that a subset of our initial population are the merger products of primordial BH binaries. We find that $\sim 500$ M$_{\odot}$ intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) can form for our upper limit mass distribution, while our lower limit mass distribution forms none. Most IMBHs $\gtrsim 200$~M$_\odot$ eventually sink towards the center of the cluster and merge with the SMBH. We also find successive BH-star collisions can produce low-spinning BHs with $χ\lesssim 0.2$. Our results have implications for LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA sources. We find that the overall merger rate depends primarily on the initial BH mass distribution and is $\gtrsim 10^{-9}$~yr$^{-1}$ per Milky Way-like galaxy for our range of initial conditions. However, primordial binaries can change the number of GW mergers with second and higher generation progenitor BHs by an order of magnitude.
Black Hole Mergers from Hierarchical Triples in Dense Star Clusters
在球状星团的核心中,频繁的双星介导的相互作用有望产生等级三元组。在某些三重星系中,第三伴星可以在大偏心率振荡后驱动内双星合并,这是偏心Kozai-Lidov机制的结果。在本文中,我们研究的动力学和合并率的黑洞(BH)的层次三元组,形成通过二进制-二进制遇到的CMC集群目录,一套集群模拟与当今的银河系的球状星团的属性代表。我们比较了稠密星团中三重星系与其他合并通道的合并性质,结果表明,三重星系在质量和有效自旋分布方面没有产生显着差异。然而,它们代表了形成偏心合并的重要途径,可以通过LIGO-Virgo/KAGRA(LVK)以及未来的任务,如LISA和DECIGO来检测。我们推导出一个保守的下限合并率从这个渠道的$0.35$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$在本地宇宙和高达$\sim9\%$这些事件可能有一个可检测的偏心率在LVK设计灵敏度。此外,我们发现,三重系统可以发挥重要作用,在保留第二代BH,它可以稍后再次合并在主机集群的核心。
Investigating the Spectral Properties of Dual Nuclei in Galaxy Mergers from the GOTHIC survey: Supermassive Black Hole Growth, metal enrichment and Dual AGN
Indian Institute of Astrophysics(印度天体物理研究所);Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, College ’ de France, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS(巴黎天文台,LERMA,法兰西学院,PSL大学,索邦大学,法国国家科学研究中心);Siebel School of Computing and Data Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校赛贝尔计算与数据科学学院);APPCAIR, Department of CSIS, Birla Institute of Technology & Science(Birla理工学院CSIS系APPCAIR);HappyMonk AI(HappyMonk人工智能);Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal(博帕尔印度科学教育研究系物理系)
Only obscured yet luminous active galactic nuclei are closely associated with galaxy mergers: Direct observational evidence from type 2 active galactic nuclei
Kyungpook National University(庆北国立大学);Sejong University(世宗大学);Pusan National University(釜山国立大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI)(韩国天体宇宙科学研究所)
Merger-driven Fueling of Active Galactic Nuclei: Six Dual and Offset Active Galactic Nuclei Discovered with Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope Observations
Isolated and dynamical black hole mergers with \texttt{B-POP}: the role of star formation and dynamics, star cluster evolution, natal kicks, mass and spins, and hierarchical mergers
目前对LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA数据的解释表明,在红移$z\lesssim 1$处合并二元黑洞(BBH)的主要质量函数包含多种结构,而自旋相对较低。BBH形成在不同的环境中的理论模型可以提供一个关键来解释所观察到的合并人口,但它们需要同时处理恒星演化和动力学,星系演化和广义相对论。我们提出了\texttt{B-POP},人口的合成工具来模拟BBH合并形成的领域或通过动态相互作用在年轻的,球状的,和核集群。使用\texttt{B-POP},我们探讨如何BH形成渠道,星团演化,层次合并,和出生BH属性影响人口的BBH合并。我们发现,BBH合并的初始质量分布延伸到$M_1 \simeq 200\,{}$ M $_\odot$之外,并且有效自旋参数分布暗示了单个和二元BH的不同的出生自旋。观测到的BBH可以被解释为一个由$\sim 34\% \,{}(66\%)$孤立(动态)BBH组成的混合种群的成员,后者可能在红移$z>1$处占主导地位。分层合并构成了参考模型中所有合并的$4.6-7.9\%$,支配着$M_1 > 65\,{}$ M $_\odot$以外的主要质量分布。包括集群的质量损失和膨胀的原因突然下降的概率超过第三代合并发生。考虑到观测偏差,我们发现模拟合并的$2.7-7.5\%$涉及通过恒星碰撞形成的中等质量黑洞(IMBH)种子。将该百分比与观测值进行比较可能有助于我们限制…
Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
分级合并是双黑洞形成的一个显著特征。在这里,我们提出了一个快速的半解析方法来模拟核星团(NSC),球状星团(GC)和年轻星团(YSC)的层次合并。由于逃逸速度的不同,神经干细胞中的层级合并比GC和YSC中的层级合并更常见。分级BBH的质量分布强烈地依赖于第一代BBH的性质,例如它们的祖先的金属丰度。在我们的基准模型中,我们在NSC中形成质量高达$\sim{}10^3$ M $_\odot$的黑洞(BH),在GC和YSC中形成质量高达$\sim{}10^2$ M $_\odot$的黑洞。当逃逸速度超过100 km~s $^{-1}$时,NSC中允许形成质量为$>10^3$ M $_\odot$的黑洞.等级合并导致的对不稳定的质量间隙和中等质量的黑洞的形成,但只在贫金属的环境。在我们的模型中,局部BBH合并率范围为$\sim{}10$至$\sim{} 60$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$ ;神经干细胞中的分级BBH占$\sim{}10^{-2}- 0.2$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$,具有$\sim{}10$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$的强上限。当我们的模型与第二个引力波瞬态目录比较时,我们发现多个形成通道有利于重现所观察到的BBH人口。
Hierarchical Triples vs. Globular Clusters: Binary black hole merger eccentricity distributions compete and evolve with redshift
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究所);Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge(剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系);Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge(卡弗里宇宙学剑桥研究所);H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory(H.H.威尔斯物理实验室);Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学加拿大理论天体物理学研究所);Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内库克天文学研究所);Gravity Exploration Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University(卡迪夫大学物理与天文学院重力探索研究所);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校天文与天体物理系);Adler Planetarium(阿德勒天文馆);Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University(西北大学天体物理跨学科探索与研究中心);NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)(NSF-Simons 天空人工智能研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University(莫纳什大学物理与天文学院);OzGrav: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(澳大利亚研究委员会引力波发现卓越中心)
Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers at High Redshift: Predictions for LISA and LGWA from SEEDZ
Maynooth University(梅努斯大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University College Cork(科克大学学院);Georgia Institute of Technology(佐治亚理工学院);Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)