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arXiv 2602.04176astro-ph.GA
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星系核中分层合并形成中等质量黑洞

Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Formation from Hierarchical Mergers in Galactic Nuclei

Loyola University Chicago(洛约拉大学芝加哥分校);Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University(西北大学跨学科天体物理探索与研究中心及物理与天文系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文系);Kall Morris Inc(Kall Morris公司)

Amanda Newton, Sanaea C. Rose, Fulya Kıroğlu, Bao-Minh Hoang, Frederic A. Rasio

AI总结:

研究星系核中恒星环境如何动态组装引力波源,通过半解析模型考虑黑洞与恒星直接碰撞及黑洞间引力波捕获,探讨初始黑洞质量和自旋分布影响,发现不同初始质量分布下中等质量黑洞形成情况及对引力波源产生的影响。

摘要:

像核星团这样的致密恒星环境可以动态组装引力波源。我们考虑在一个围绕着4×10^6M⊙超大质量黑洞的核星团内部0.1pc范围内的单恒星质量黑洞群体。使用半解析模型,我们考虑了黑洞与恒星之间的直接碰撞以及黑洞之间的引力波捕获。我们探讨了初始黑洞质量和自旋分布对其最终性质和引力波源产生的影响。具体来说,我们考虑了黑洞初始质量分布的上限和下限,并考虑了我们初始群体中的一部分可能是原初黑洞双星合并产物的可能性。我们发现,对于我们的上限质量分布,可以形成约500M⊙的中等质量黑洞,而我们的下限质量分布则无法形成。大多数质量大于200M⊙的中等质量黑洞最终会向星团中心下沉并与超大质量黑洞合并。我们还发现,连续的黑洞-恒星碰撞可以产生自旋χ≤0.2的低自旋黑洞。我们的结果对LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA源有影响。我们发现,总体合并率主要取决于初始黑洞质量分布,对于我们的初始条件范围,每个类似银河系的星系的合并率约为10^-9yr^-1。然而,原初双星可以使第二代及更高代次的原恒星黑洞的引力波合并数量改变一个数量级。

英文摘要:

Dense stellar environments like nuclear star clusters (NSCs) can dynamically assemble gravitational wave (GW) sources. We consider a population of single stellar mass black holes (BHs) in the inner $0.1$~pc of a NSC surrounding a $4 \times 10^6$~M$_\odot$ supermassive black hole (SMBH). Using a semianalytic model, we account for direct collisions between BHs and stars and GW capture between BHs. We explore the effect of the initial BH mass and spin distributions on their final properties and the production of GW sources. Specifically, we consider upper and lower limits for the BH initial mass distribution, and we account for the possibility that a subset of our initial population are the merger products of primordial BH binaries. We find that $\sim 500$ M$_{\odot}$ intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) can form for our upper limit mass distribution, while our lower limit mass distribution forms none. Most IMBHs $\gtrsim 200$~M$_\odot$ eventually sink towards the center of the cluster and merge with the SMBH. We also find successive BH-star collisions can produce low-spinning BHs with $χ\lesssim 0.2$. Our results have implications for LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA sources. We find that the overall merger rate depends primarily on the initial BH mass distribution and is $\gtrsim 10^{-9}$~yr$^{-1}$ per Milky Way-like galaxy for our range of initial conditions. However, primordial binaries can change the number of GW mergers with second and higher generation progenitor BHs by an order of magnitude.

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