考古铅中$^{210}$Pb的快速低本底测量
A rapid low-background assay of $^{210}$Pb in archaeological lead
AI总结：
本文提出一种使用商用低本底液体闪烁计数器结合化学制备与脉冲形状分析快速测量考古铅中$^{210}$Pb的方法，灵敏度达数百mBq/kg量级，一周内可完成测量。
摘要：
在这项工作中，我们提出了一种快速高效的方法，用于测量金属考古铅中的$^{210}$Pb，该方法使用安装在米兰-比可卡大学（意大利）的商用低本底液体闪烁计数器Wallac Quantulus 1220。通过将优化的化学制备与脉冲形状分析（PSA）相结合，该技术在使用低于1克的样品质量时，在一周测量时间内达到了几百mBq/kg的灵敏度。该方法能够同时识别$^{210}$Pb和$^{210}$Bi的$β$衰变以及$^{210}$Po的$α$衰变，从而直接验证衰变链内的长期平衡。通过延长采集时间，约40天后检测限可低于100 mBq/kg。该方法为铅的放射性纯度筛选提供了一种快速、易用且可靠的工具，非常适用于下一代低本底和稀有事件物理实验的质量控制和研发活动。此外，该方法有潜力扩展到其他与低本底应用相关的材料。
英文摘要：
In this work, we present a fast and highly efficient method for the measurement of $^{210}$Pb in metallic archaeological lead using the commercial low-background liquid scintillation counter Wallac Quantulus 1220 installed at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy). By combining an optimized chemical preparation with pulse-shape analysis (PSA), the technique achieves sensitivities at the level of a few $10^2$ mBq/kg within one week of measurement, using sample masses below 1 g. The method enables the simultaneous identification of the $β$ decays of $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Bi and the $α$ decay of $^{210}$Po, allowing a direct verification of secular equilibrium within the decay chain. With extended acquisition times, detection limits below 100 mBq/kg are reached after approximately 40 days. This approach provides a rapid, accessible, and reliable tool for the radiopurity screening of lead, and is well suited for quality control and R&D activities in next-generation low-background and rare-event physics experiments. Moreover, the method has the potential to be extended to other materials relevant for low-background applications.
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